CENTRE INTERNATIONAL D’ETUDE DU SPORT UEFA and Football Governance: A New Model Adaptations for the challenges of modern football Final Project Work International Master (MA) in Management, Law and Humanities of Sports 2002/2003 30/06/03 By Pierre Ducrey, Carlos Eduardo Ferreira, Gabriel Huerta, Kevin Tallec Marston Note: This document has been updated since 30/06/03 but only takes into account information public up to 31/12/03. Copyright © 2003 Ducrey, Ferreira, Huerta and Marston All Rights Reserved TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 PROLOGUE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 INTRODUCTION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 I. Aim --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 II. Paper Structure and Scope -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 III. Research Methods and Constraints --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 CHAPTER ONE: BACKGROUND -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 1.1. STRUCTURE OF EUROPEAN FOOTBALL -------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 1.1.1. Governance and Football – The Pyramid Structure-------------------------------------------------- 11 1.1.2. The European Football Industry --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 1.1.3. Stakeholders’ Map -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22 1.1.4. Professional Football Competition Calendar ----------------------------------------------------------- 26 1.2. MODERN ISSUES ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29 1.2.1. Football and Globalisation ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29 1.2.2. Football and the European Union ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32 CHAPTER TWO: THE ACTORS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35 2.1 UEFA AND NATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35 2.1.1. The Birth of UEFA -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35 2.1.2. UEFA’s Mission ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36 2.1.3. UEFA’s Organisation ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 39 2.1.4. The Relationship with National Associations ----------------------------------------------------------- 41 2.1.5. Solidarity – “We Care About Football” ------------------------------------------------------------------- 42 2.1.6. UEFA’s Finances --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43 2.1.7. UEFA’s Latest Developments------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 46 2.2 NATIONAL LEAGUES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 51 2.3 THE CLUBS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53 2.3.1. Clubs and the Demand for Football ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 54 2.3.2. The Pursuit of the Goals ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 56 2.4 G-14 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 60 2.4.1. The Legal Form of G-14 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 60 2.4.2. The Creation of the Grouping ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 61 2.4.3. Objectives ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 62 2.4.4. Structure of G-14 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 62 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER THREE: THE CONFLICTS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 65 3.1 CONVERGENCES AND DIVERGENCES OF INTERESTS ---------------------------------------------------------- 65 3.1.1. UEFA and the Leagues ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 66 3.1.2. UEFA and Clubs ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 68 3.1.3. Leagues and Clubs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 70 3.1.4. G-14 and Other Clubs --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 71 3.2 PAST CONFLICTS BETWEEN TOP CLUBS (G-14) AND UEFA ----------------------------------------------- 73 3.2.1. Competition ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 73 3.2.2. Revenue Distribution ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 75 3.2.3. Other Areas of Conflict -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 77 3.2.4. Representation ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 80 3.3 SCENARIOS OF POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENTS OF THE CONFLICTS ------------------------------------------- 82 3.3.1. The Cold War of European Football --------------------------------------------------------------------- 83 3.3.2. Competition ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 85 3.3.3. Revenue Distribution ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 86 CHAPTER FOUR: CONFLICT MANAGEMENT OUTSIDE EUROPEAN FOOTBALL ------------- 88 4.1 CASE STUDIES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 88 4.1.1. “Clube dos Treze” in Brazil --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 88 4.1.2. The GPWC and Formula One ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 90 4.1.3. The IOC Athletes’ Commission ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 93 4.1.4. The Professional Cycling Council ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 95 4.2 GENERAL LESSONS LEARNED ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 97 CHAPTER FIVE : A POSSIBLE SOLUTION ------------------------------------------------------------------- 101 5.1 STRUCTURAL PROPOSAL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 101 5.1.1. Convergence of Key Stakeholders ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 101 5.1.2. The Proposed Model – An Expanded Dialogue ------------------------------------------------------- 102 5.1.3. The European Professional Football Council ---------------------------------------------------------- 105 5.1.4. The New European Club Forum -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 106 5.1.5. Advantages of the New Model ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 107 EPILOGUE --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 109 ABOUT THE AUTHORS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 110 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS REFERENCES ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 111 I. LIST OF GRAPHS AND TABLES -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 111 II. BIBLIOGRAPHY -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 112 III. INTERVIEWS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 116 IV. PRESENTATIONS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 116 V. SPEECHES ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 117 VI. WEBSITES ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 117 APPENDICES ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 119 a. List of National Associations Members of UEFA ----------------------------------------------------------------- 119 b. UEFA Solidarity Programmes ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 120 c. G-14 European Football Clubs listed on the Stock Exchange ------------------------------------------------ 122 d. G-14 Voting structure ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 123 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS As a group we would like to express our gratitude to all those who contributed to this work and