Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-51694-5 - Between Rome and Carthage: Southern Italy during the Second Punic War Michael P. Fronda Index More information Index Acerrae (Accerrans) 101, 110, 118, 127, 144–5 archaeological evidence, general discussions fear of Capua 124, 143 12–13, 26 loyal during Social War 326 Archidamus of Sparta 195, 199, 219–20, 222 Acrotatus 196 Arpi Aecae 53, 54, 57, 74, 76 alliance with Rome 69, 73, 75, 76, 80, 81, 83 defection (Second Punic War) 85–7, 89, 90 growing resentment against Rome 81–3, 84 recaptured, punished by Romans 246, 255, hatred of Samnites 75, 78, 83–4 308 hegemonic state 19, 20, 76 Aemilius Barbula, Q. (cos. 311) 86, 152, 226 interstate rivals Aequi 14, 292 Canusium 21, 56, 76–7, 81, 97, 98–9 Agathocles 151, 169, 176, 185, 196 Luceria 77 ager Falernus 71 Taras 79–80 confiscated from Capuans 122, 123, 129 Teanum Apulum 56, 81, 94, 95 fertility 111 Messapic 55 Hannibal devastates 36, 100, 103–4, 321 political factions 58–9, 61 Neapolitans raid 140 in Second Punic War tribus Falerna 36, 130 Carthaginian garrison 58, 255, 256, 257 ager Romanus Dasius Altinius (leader of revolt) 58, 59, 61, divided, controlled central Italian peoples 65, 84, 210, 256–7 290, 291, 310 defection 57–85; date of defection 53, 57–8; extended through conquest, confiscation hegemonic motives 52, 56, 84–5 22, 29 Hannibal executes Dasius Altinius’ family vastness encouraged wider Roman–Italian 59, 210, 242 contacts 318 influenced subordinate communities Alexander of Epirus 79, 150, 151, 195–6, 199, 226 85–91 allies and alliances, see treaties and alliances recaptured, punished by Rome 53, 210, Annales Maximi, see Pontifical Tables 253, 255–8, 308; seen as major Roman annalists, annalistic tradition 7–9 victory 76 Appian 8, 9–11 territory devastated by Hannibal 68, 71 Apulia and Apulians 55, 56–7, 67–73, 75–7, Arretium 14–15, 31, 239, 289, 310–1 87, 254 Asculum 325, 326 economic activity 68–9, 73–5, 87–9 Atella 122, 125, 126–7, 128–30, 252–3 hostility with Samnites 55–6, 78–9, 89 Ausculum 53, 57, 85–6, 89–90, 255 arbitration battle of (Pyrrhic War) 47, 76 Hannibal as arbiter 37 Locri as arbiter 167 Bacchanalia 286, 321–2 Pyrrhus as arbiter 198 balancing (political science Romans as arbiters 116, 315–6 term) 17, 20, 301 sententia Minuciorum 315 Blanda 205, 255 Taras as arbiter 80, 195, 227 Brundisium typical of Hellenistic diplomacy 167 Hannibal tried to capture 250, 263 365 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-51694-5 - Between Rome and Carthage: Southern Italy during the Second Punic War Michael P. Fronda Index More information 366 Index Brundisium (cont.) Oscanised 133, 139 important aristocrats pan-Campanian sanctuary (Hamaea) 124, Dasius of Brundisium 61, 62–3 125, 144, 245 Lucius Rammius 317, 319 in Second Punic War long-distance trade 200, 201–2, 263 Campanians fought for Hannibal 237 principal city on Sallentine Peninsula 199 decisive theatre of war 100, 127, 243; major received Latin Colony 26, 199 Roman military commitment 100, 127, rivalry with Taras 199, 200 243–4 Roman base during Second Punic War 199, devastation 112–13 209, 210, 212, 254 recapture, punishment by Rome 243–53, strategic location 73, 200 309, 313 treaty with Rome 199 in Social War 325, 326, 327–8 Bruttian League 18–19, 151, 152, 158 Campanian League, see Capuan League Bruttium, Bruttians (Bruttii, Brettii) Cannae early history and formation 151 Hannibal collects grain near, destroys 69 in First Punic War 46 Roman supply base 68, 72 grievances against Rome widespread 150–5 vicus of Canusium 67, 72 Hellenisation 152–4 Cannae (battle), date of 1, 148 hostility towards, conflicts with Italiotes 15, Canusium 149, 151–2, 154, 161–2, 175, 178–80, 204–5 Busa, aristocratic woman 61, 63, 65–6 intra-Bruttian conflicts 149, 154, 158 hegemonic state 19, 76–7, 98 political factionalism 150–1, 156 Cannae was vicus of 67, 72 in Pyrrhic War 15, 25, 149, 154 defenses 96 Pyrrhus negotiated for 83–4, 198 Forentum dominated by 98 Roman confiscations after war 150, 155, 157 interstate rivalry with Arpi 20, 56, 94, 97, Roman conquest brutal 15, 25, 154 98–9 in Second Punic War Messapic 55 chronology 150, 158 political factions 65–6, 95–6 defections 40, 148, 149–50 resisted Oscanisation 81, 97 fought for Hannibal in large numbers 237, Roman conquest 271; served in Carthaginian garrisons hostages taken 64, 94 237, 262 long-term advantages 97–8 motivated by desire for land, plunder 162, nature of 80, 94 167, 172, 270; attacked coastal Greek Romanisation 98 cities 165–6, 172–3 in Second Punic War recaptured, punished by Rome 271, 278, battle of Cannae fought in territory 54, 67 309, 310; limited Roman war effort Hannibal devastated territory 72–3 269–70 Hannibal tried to capture 259–60 urbanisation, centralisation 152 loyal to Rome 53, 55, 92–3, 95–9, 254 see also Bruttian League sheltered Roman survivors after Cannae Buxentum 206, 208, 286, 308, 310 65, 95, 96, 294 in Social War, revolted 327 Calatia 122, 126–7, 128, 129, 247, 252–3 strategic location 74 calendar (Roman), accuracy 1, 148 trade 72, 88 Cales Capua, Capuans influenced by Capua 122 aristocrats, aristocratic families principal town of Ausones 122 Calavii: Ovius and Novius Calavius 62, received Latin colony 123 115; Pacuvius Calavius 104, 106–8, in Second Punic War 127, 135, 252–3, 257 112–13, 120–1 Campania, Campanians Magii 314; Cn. Magius Atellanus 123; Campania, Campani defined 101–2 Decius Magius 105–6, 107, 112 densely urbanised 70, 112 Marius Blossius 105, 107, 111–12 fertility and wealth 111 Seppius Loesius 251 legio Campana 178–9, 180, 182 Sthenius and Pacuvius Ninius Celeres markets, trade 112, 113 105, 107 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-51694-5 - Between Rome and Carthage: Southern Italy during the Second Punic War Michael P. Fronda Index More information Index 367 Vibius Virrius 105, 107, 119, 120–1, 245, 252 maintains Greek culture 170 civitas sine suffragio 116–18, 129 object of Locrian expansionism 169, 170 hegemonic, expansionistic state 19–20, in Second Punic War 121–2, 123–4 besieged, recaptured by Romans 264–5, dominated satellite communities 122–3 274, 277 expansionism in Second Punic War: defected 171 attacked Cumae 124–5; encouraged socius navalis 170 defection 101, 119–26 Cincius Alimentus 11, 12, 270, 275 interstate rivalries with Nola, Naples, citizenship, citizens (Roman and Latin) Acerrae 124, 140, 284 extension of citizenship political factionalism 106–8, 251 individual grants 114, 118, 245, 314, 317–18 relations with Rome obtained by Latins per migrationem or per Ager Falernus confiscated 36, 123, 129 magistratum 318 in fourth century 128–9 as Roman policy 29, 303–4 grievances against Rome 113–17 and Social War 325 intermarriage, Capuan–Roman 104–5, Italians’ ambiguous desire for Roman (or 106–8, 305 Latin) citizenship 117–18, 133, 134, 221, Roman interference in sovereignty 115–16 268, 318, 319, 325 Roman stereotypes 102, 106 Latin right (ius latinum) 22, 30, 62, 303 in Second Punic War Roman (‘full’) citizenship (civitas optimo Carthaginian garrison 105, 251 iure) 22, 303–4 defection 103–27 without the vote (civitas sine suffragio) 15, 22, defection influenced satellite states 128–30 39, 118, 129, 303 embassy to Hannibal 103–4, 110, 119 seen as burden 21, 116–18, 129 Hannibal promises power 52, 105–6, 119, Claudius Marcellus, M. (cos. 222, 215, 214, 210, 242, 245, 247–8 208) 40, 206 three hundred ‘hostages’ 104, 113–14, 216, castra Claudiana (near Suessula) 124, 136, 245 244 treaty with Hannibal 50, 105, 113–17 command of Cannae legions 96, 244 Roman devastation, siege 245–6, 247, 248, death 259, 267 250–1 failed to relieve Casilinum 124, 137, 143 Roman recapture, punishment 100, and Nola 136–8 107–12, 120, 244–52, 308, 309, 313 bribed Lucius Bantius 63, 109 territory defeated Hannibal 112, 135, 136 relations between town and country 111–12 established garrison 109, 135, 137 wealth and fertility 103 executed local elites 109, 135 see also Campania; Capuan League recovered Salapia 60, 63, 259 Capuan League 122–3, 128, 252 role in recovery of Taras 240, 264 Carricini, see under Samnium, Samnites Cleonymus of Sparta 196–7, 226 Casilinum Coelius Antipater 11, 102, 103 Capuan satellite 122 colonies, Roman and Latin 22 civitas sine suffragio 129 exceptional loyalty of Latins 30, in Second Punic War 39, 236 besieged, captured by Hannibal 124, locals enrolled as colonists 30, 62, 98 125–6, 137 strategic and symbolic importance 23–4, garrisons: Carthaginian 125, 247; Roman 29–30, 82, 236, 290, 292 allies from Praeneste 124, 127, 130, 318 coloniae maritimae 30 recaptured by Rome 247–8 marked limits of ‘Roman’ Italy (third Roman grain depot 249 century) 24, 26, 27 strategic fortress 100, 122, 123, 125 post-war consolidation (second century) Cassius Dio (and Zonaras) 6, 8, 9–11 2, 308–10 Caudine Forks, battle of 62, 91, 94, 129 Compsa 32, 33, 63, 64–5, 103, 247, Caudini, see under Samnium, Samnites 291, 305 Caulonia (Aulonia) 168 Consentia 148, 149–50, 152 Bruttian pressure 151–2 Hellenisation 153 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-51694-5 - Between Rome and Carthage: Southern Italy during the Second Punic War Michael P. Fronda Index More information 368 Index Consentia (cont.) tailored diplomacy to individual important centre 151 communities 49–50, 114–15, 166 in Second Punic War see also liberation propaganda defection 150, 155, 159, 271 recapture 150, 271 ethnic, cultural animosities Corfinum (Italica) 326 Apulians vs.