Preparatory Survey for the Integrated Regional Development for Ethnic Minorities in the South-East Myanmar Final Report: Main Report CHAPTER 5 EXISTING CONDITIONS OF SOCIAL FACILITIES AND SERVICES IN SOUTHEAST MYANMAR In this chapter, existing conditions of social services and facilities in the Southeast Myanmar are described with related data. For education and health care, related policies and institutions in Myanmar are reviewed first, followed by description of existing education and health services and facilities in the Southeast Myanmar based on related data. For the four sub-townships designated as candidate settlement areas, existing conditions are described in more detail. Also, education and health services available for refugees and migrants are outlined. These social services are provided by many organizations in the Southeast Myanmar, and they are compiled for an overview. Based on these, issues for education and health services in the Southeast Myanmar are clarified, and directions for improvement are proposed. 5.1 Administration for Education and Health Care 5.1.1 Education The Department of Basic Education, under the Ministry of Education, administers basic education in Myanmar from grade 1 through grade 11. Its organizational structure is shown in Figure 5.1. The Department of Basic Education No.1 is in charge of the southeastern part of Myanmar including Kayin and Mon States. It has a total of 7,711 teachers in Kayin State and 12,121 teachers in Mon State as of 2013. Numbers of students in Mon and Kayin States are 350,426 and 246,016, respectively as shown in Table 5.2 and Table 5.3. Of the basic education, grade 1 through grade 5 constitutes primary education, grade 6 through grade 9 secondary, and grade 10 and grade 11 upper secondary. Duration of higher education varies for different subjects from three years for economics and computer science to seven years for dental, medicine, and health. Universities and colleges are also available after the basic education for four year courses usually or five years for law and first honor degrees. Master courses are available after the four year courses, followed by Doctorate courses. 5-1 Preparatory Survey for the Integrated Regional Development for Ethnic Minorities in the South-East Myanmar Final Report: Main Report National Education Committee Ministry of Education Region and State Minister For Social Affairs Basic Education Teacher Education Basic Education Council Curriculum, Syllabus and Supervision Textbook Committee Department of Department of Department of Basic Myanmar Education Planning Myanmar Education Education No 1,2 and 3 Examination Board and Training Research Bureau Region and State Education Offices District Education Offices (Established in near future) 20 Education Township Education Offices Collages Teachers Source: MOH WEB Site (http://www.myanmar-education.edu.mm/education_structure.html) Figure 5.1 Organization Chart for Basic Education Services After grade 11, students take matriculation test to complete basic education. There are six subjects to take tests and each has 100 full score. Around 40% of the total score is a line to pass the test and generally 240 points are minimum score to pass. Courses that graduates can take in colleges or universities will be automatically decided by the score of the test. In Myanmar, casual labor or non-skill labor is only option for non-matriculated people to work. 5.1.2 Health care The health care system in Myanmar is illustrated in Figure 5.2. The Department of Health under the Ministry of Health has the following numbers of staff in Mon and Kayin States as of 2013 (Table 5.7). Mon State has 186 doctors, 347 nurses, 385 midwives and other health workers. Kayin State has 57 doctors, 429 nurses, 359 midwives and other health workers. There are four types of hospitals in Myanmar: General Hospital with 200 beds, District Hospital with 50 beds, Township Hospital with 25 beds and Station Hospital with 16 beds. These hospitals are constructed at designated places with required roles. Staff members concerned with health care are categorized into seven classes: Doctor, Nurse, Health Assistant, Lady Health Visitor, Midwife, Public Health Supervisor (1) and Public Health Supervisor (2). Ordinary staff appointed at health facilities in rural areas is summarized in Table 5.1. It is not always that this appointed staffs are stationed there, but at least, those numbers of staff should be considered when staff dormitories are designed. 5-2 Preparatory Survey for the Integrated Regional Development for Ethnic Minorities in the South-East Myanmar Final Report: Main Report Table 5.1 Number of Staff Stationed at Each Health Facilities in Rural Areas Station Health Unit Rural Health Center Rural Health (Station Hospital) (RHC) Sub-Center (RHSC) Number of Staff Station medical Officer 1 Health Assistance 1 Midwife 1 Medical Doctor 1 Lady Health Visitor 1 PHS(2) 2 Nurses 1 Midwife 1 Lady Health Visitor 1 PHS(2) 1 PHS(1) 1 PHS(2) 1 Midwife Other paramedical personnel Source: “Coverage and Skill Mix Balance of Human Resources of Health in Myanmar, Dr. Than Tun Sein et al. Health care facilities in rural areas consist of Rural Health Center (RHC) and Sub-rural Health Center (SHC). Community volunteers called Community Health Worker (CHW), Auxiliary Mid-wife (AXM), and Traditional Birth Attendant (TBA) work in villages under supervision of midwives. The Republic of the Union of Myanmar National Health Committee Ministry of Health NHP M&E Department of Health Planning Committee Department of Health Department of Medical Science Department of Medical Research (Lower) Department of Medical Research (Upper) Department of Medical Research (Central) Department of Traditional Medicine State/ Regional State/ Regional State/ Regional Government Health Committee Health Department 1. Ministries 2. Myanmar Women’s Affairs Federation District District District 3. Myanmar Maternal & Child Welfare Association Administration Health Committee Health Department 4. Red Cross Society 5. Medical Association 6. Dental Association Township Township Township 7. Nurses Association Administration Health Committee Health Department 8. Health Assistant Association 9. Traditional Medicine Practitioners Association Station Hospital 10. Community Based Organization 11. Faith Based Organization Ward/ village Ward/ village Rural 12. Parent-Teacher Association Administration Health Committee Health Center Village Volunteers Source: Ministry of Health WEB Site (http://www.myanmar-education.edu.mm/education_structure.html) Figure 5.2 Health Care System in Myanmar 5-3 Preparatory Survey for the Integrated Regional Development for Ethnic Minorities in the South-East Myanmar Final Report: Main Report 5.2 Education and Health Care situations in Southeast Myanmar 5.2.1 Education (1) Organization and staffing Organization of the education department of Kayin State is shown in Figure 5.3. The department is staffed with 21 officers, 65 other staff members and 771 teachers. Organization of the education department of Mon State is shown in Figure 5.4. The department staffed various officer and staff level personnel, but not assigned all the position yet. Director Deputy Director Deputy Director Deputy Director (Planning/Finance Budget) (Computer/Accountant) (Education/Exam) Assistant Assistant Assistant Assistant Assistant Assistant Director Director Director Director Director Director (Planning/ (Planning/ (Teaching/ (Staff) (Computer) (Exam) Finances) Finance) Training) 22 staff 4 staff 6 staff 8 staff 17 staff 19 staff Source: Kayin State educational department Figure 5.3 Organization of Kayin State Education Department Director Deputy Director Deputy Director (Education Plans / Statistic (Management/Finance) Deputy Director Computer) (Education Inspector) Assistant Assistant Assistant Director Director Director (Planning/ (Planning/ (Computer) Finance) Finances) Assistant Assistant Assistant Assistant Assistant Director/ Director/ Director/ Director/ Director/ Education Inspector Inspector Inspector Inspector Source: Interview of assistant director of Mon State educational department Figure 5.4 Organization of Mon State Education Department (2) Teachers and students Numbers of schools, teachers and students and other related data are summarized in Table 5.2 for Kayin State and Table 5.3 for Mon State. 5-4 Preparatory Survey for the Integrated Regional Development for Ethnic Minorities in the South-East Myanmar Final Report: Main Report Table 5.2 Population and Numbers of Schools, Students and Teachers in Kayin State # of Township/ # of # of # of # of # of # of Schools Village Sub-Township Villages Houses Family Teachers Students Tracts Primary Middle High Univ. Kyainseikgyi 20 116 11,971 13,042 543 15459 108 4 6 0 Kyaikdon 21 115 13,671 13,696 137 5072 25 0 2 0 Hpayarthonesu 10 55 8,617 9,155 229 9283 26 2 2 0 Kawkareik 53 259 30,642 34,152 1257 41217 191 16 10 0 Myawaddy 11 35 12,033 12,772 489 24178 44 4 4 0 Waylay 1 10 696 696 33 537 1 0 1 0 Sukali 3 9 527 527 32 514 8 0 1 0 Pa-pun 23 198 8,335 8,397 110 3993 32 2 1 0 Kamamaung 10 107 5,934 6,134 159 7037 33 1 2 0 Hpaan 91 474 64,685 68,963 2898 78756 382 22 29 3 Hlaingbwe 36 151 26,662 27,436 854 28206 140 13 9 0 Shanywarthit 9 59 4,360 5,460 44 1443 12 0 1 0 Paingkyon 27 153 11,918 12,503 263 11527 56 4 4 0 Thandaunggyi 13 66 4,422 4,629 288 7134 49 3 3 - Leiktho 31 176 8,550 8,548 298 9369 123 4 4 0 Bewail 15 80 2,491 2,426 77 2291 16 0 2 0 Total 374 2,063 215,514 228,536 7,711 246,016 1,246 75 81 3 Source: Kayin State Government (as of 2013) Notes: 1) Educational data only include governmental schools, while private schools are not included. 2) The number of schools, teachers and students in four STSs are shown in Table 5.15, Table 5.9, Table 5.19 and Table 5.22.