Journal of Critical Reviews ISSN- 2394-5125 Vol 7, Issue 5, 2020 Review Article THE SCIENTIFIC LEGACY OF ABU JA'FAR MUHAMMAD IBN JARIR IBN YAZID IBNKATHIR IBN GHALIB AT-TABARI AND THE IMPORTANCE OF TARIKH AR-RUSUL VAL-MULUK 1Agzamova Muhabbat Mirtoxirovna 1Lecturer, Islamic studies and ISESCO Chair for learning Islamic Civilization, International Islamic Academy оf Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. E-mail : [email protected] Received: 14.01.2020 Revised: 04.02.2020 Accepted: 02.03.2020 Abstract The article deals with the life of the medieval historian Ibn Jarir al-Tabari, the works of the scholar, the role of the historically recognized work "Tarikh ar-rusul val-muluk" in the development of historical science, its importance in the field of historiography today. information about the method is given. Keywords: Ibn Jarir at-Tabari, Tarikh ar-rusul val-muluk, anbiya, muarrikh, ahkam ayatlar, naql, faqih, sahih, naql, source, mukhtasar, mufassal, varizat , hadith, tafsir, caliph, sheikh, sect, sharia, ahkam, tawil, sunnah. © 2019 by Advance Scientific Research. This is an open-access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.05.189 INTRODUCTION returned to his homeland, but did not stay there long. When he The great scientific legacy of the great medieval scholar Abu returned to Baghdad, he founded his own school of Ja'far Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari is still used by orientalists jurisprudence. He named the school "Jaririya" after his father. Ibn and historians as one of the main sources. Jarir al-Tabari was a member of the Shafi'i school before he reached the level of mujtahid and founded the Jaririya school. Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Jarir ibn Yazid ibn Kathir ibn Ghalib al- Tabari was born at the end of 224 AH or the beginning of 225 AH, MATERIALS AND METHODS in 839 AD, in Amul, the capital of Tabaristan. He belonged to a Abu Sa'id ibn Yunus said: Ibn Jarir al-Tabari was one of the great wealthy local Iranian family and did not lose contact with his jurists. When he came to Egypt in 263, he wrote several books. hometown until the end of his life. When he returned to Baghdad, he classified several works based At-Tabari received a multifaceted traditional Oriental education. on the knowledge he had acquired. He traveled to various cities of the caliphate. He moved from his Abu Muhammad Abdullah ibn Ahmad al-Farghani in his History, hometown to Ray. The education he received here played an Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, completed the book Jame'ul important role in the formation of his scientific knowledge. In bayan fi tafsirul Qur'an, which contains the content of the ahkam Ray, he was deeply involved in religious education. His teachers verses, the rulings of scholars and translators, and the were Muhammad ibn Humaydah ar-Razi al-Musanna ibn Ibrahim differences between them, and the words of those who interpret al-Ubulli and Ahmad ibn Hammada ad-Dawlabi. Tabari recorded them correctly. , various stories, information about nations, more than a hundred thousand hadiths that he heard from al- messages about the Day of Judgment. Razi. In his lectures, Ibn Hammada wrote Muhammad ibn Ishaq's Kitab al-Mubtada 'wa'l-Maghazi, quoted by Salam ibn al- At-Tabari died in Baghdad on February 16, 923 (Sunday, Mufaddal. Shawwal, 310 AH). His school of jurisprudence did not function for long. "A lot of people came to his funeral," he said. They Al-Tabari later came to Baghdad to listen to the lectures of prayed at the top of the grave for months and days. ” Ahmad ibn Hanbal, but Ahmad ibn Hanbal had died before he arrived. (241 AH-855 AD). After Baghdad, al-Tabari moved to At-Tabari was one of the most famous scholars and among his Basra and then to Kufa. In Kufa, he studied the science of hadith contemporaries there was no scholar equal to him. He was a from the famous Abu Qurayba Muhammad ibn al-Ana al- highly enlightened, sharp-witted scholar who memorized the Hamadani (died 863). When he returned to Baghdad, he began to word of Allah, understood its content, knew the rulings well, study jurisprudence and the Qur'an. By the time he decided to go knew the Sunnahs of the Prophet, his authentic and non- to Egypt, he had already gained popularity in these fields of authentic ones, and the distinction between the followers and science. Along the way, he visited Syrian centers, coastal cities, their rulings. where he recorded the hadiths he heard from local sheikhs. In 867, al-Tabari arrived in Egypt and soon gained the respect of all Ibn Nadim Al-Waraq's book "Fihrist" about Al-Tabari's life and there. In Baghdad, he studied at the school of jurisprudence of work, Al-Khatib's book "History of Baghdad", Ibn Asakira's book Imam Shafi'i. It was at this time that his views on jurisprudential "History of Damascus", Ahmad Abu Bakr's book "Akhbar Abu matters began to take shape. The basis for this is al-Tabari's Ja'far at-Tabari", Abulaziz bin Muhammad Information is given in argument with al-Muzani, a student of Imam al-Shafi'i in Egypt, al-Tabari's book Sirat Abu Ja'far at-Tabari. which is mentioned in the sources. Then al-Tabari was educated At-Tabari's work is extremely productive and multifaceted. He is in Syria and went to Egypt. the author of more than twenty works, including Commentaries At-Tabari then left Egypt completely and returned to Baghdad. on the Qur'an, Kitab al-Fuqaha, Jame'ul bayan fi tafsir ul-Qur'an, He was engaged in scientific activity and teaching. He soon Tarikh ul-umam val muluk, Qiraat, and Ulama '. “Son and Qur’an”, Journal of critical reviews 923 THE SCIENTIFIC LEGACY OF ABU JA'FAR MUHAMMAD IBN JARIR IBN YAZID IBNKATHIR IBN GHALIB AT-TABARI AND THE IMPORTANCE OF TARIKH AR-RUSUL VAL-MULUK “History of the Companions and Subordinates”, “Rules of Islamic this work is unique in its abundance of historical information, Sharia”, “Book of Sunnah Commentary”, “Deep Look at the and its sources are important in that it allows us to determine the Method of Religion”, “Adabul Manasik”, “Adabul Nufus”, “Latiful history of the origin of an event and how close it is to reality. Qawl fi Ahkam Shara’il Islam” , “Basitul qawl fi ahkami sharai'ul islami” are among them. Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari's Tarikh ar-rusul val- muluk is one of the most important sources created in the Middle Ibn Jarir at-Tabari, like Tarikh ar-rusul val-muluk, systematically Ages and gives us a lot of information about the history of the cites the sources in his book Jame'ul bayan fi tafsir ul-Qur'an. At- peoples of the Near and Middle East. In this play, the author uses Tabari paid great attention to the historical events described in a variety of sources, covering historical events from the creation the Qur'an. One of the researchers even said that al-Tabari paid of the world to 915 years. Much of the information on the history more attention to history in his book Tafsir than to Tarikh, and of the Arab Caliphate between the 7th and 10th centuries relates this is true. to historical events in the Caucasus and the Caucasus, Central Asia and adjacent regions, such as Khorasan and northern Tabari's field of knowledge is very wide, and he has classified Afghanistan. This information is extremely valuable to us. several books in various fields of science. According to his ijtihad, Because they shed light on the pages of the past history of us and he wrote the books Latiful-Qawl and Kitabi Khafif. In these books, the neighboring nations. the rules of Islamic Sharia are explained in detail. Tabari began writing Ihtiloful Fuqaho, but was unable to complete it. It Tabari wrote Jewish and Christian narrations, the Sassanid describes the contradictions between the faqihs and the views of chronicle (224-615), the Khwadai Namak (King's Book), al- the faqihs. Waqidi's (747-823) Kitab ul-Maghazi (Books on the Battles). , al- Madoini's "History of the Caliphs" ("History of the Caliphs"). But The book "Qiraat" contains a lot of information, from which the in many cases, especially in the parts of the work devoted to words of the faqihs, the method of fiqh, furu'ul fiqh and other ancient history, he used facts and information from other sources issues are distinguished. He classified the book Tahzibul Osar. without consideration and verification. However, the parts of the This book is one of his great books. It began with hadiths and work that deal with ancient history also have a certain scientific narrations narrated from Abu Bakr Siddiq. This book describes value, because in these parts the information, fragments the scholars' disagreements, their arguments, their opposition to contained in sources that have not reached us (narrations, atheists, their denials, and their errors. There are authentic "Khwaday namak", "Tarikh al-khulafo", etc.) are preserved. hadiths narrated from our Prophet. In short, Tarikh ar-rusul val-muluk is one of the main sources on Tabari's book, Basitul Qawl fi Ahkami Shara'i'ul Islami, is divided the history of Muslim countries, as well as Central Asia in the into several chapters, all of which are one book. The book begins VIII-IX centuries. There were two Arabic editions of this century with a chapter called Kitab at-taharat and is 1,500 pages long.