Periódico do Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre Gênero e Direito Centro de Ciências Jurídicas - Universidade Federal da Paraíba V. 8 - Nº 07 - Ano 2019 – Special Edition ISSN | 2179-7137 | http://periodicos.ufpb.br/ojs2/index.php/ged/index 421 LANGUAGE FEATURES OF BOOKS FOR CHRISTIAN TATARS AND KARAMAN TURKS Okan Guler 1 Zoya N. Kirillova 2 Liaisan Sahin 3 Abstract: This article is carried out in Turkish, and Ottoman-Turkish line with comparative studies and is languages based on the following devoted to the study of the specific sources: religious texts, textbooks, and language features of baptized Tatars and literary works. The theoretical basis of Karamanlid Turks. The need to study this study is the following main points: this topic is caused by increased attention language and religion are interconnected to the Kryashen and Karamanlid dialects, and interdependent; phonetic and lexical their linguistic features and history. The features reflect the specifics of the objects of study were religious texts, language; sacred texts, textbooks and textbooks and literary works in Kryashen literary works make it possible to and Karamanlid dialects. As the subject identify the history and origin of the of the study, the language features of people, the belonging of the language to these texts were examined, as well as the certain language groups. history of the appearance of baptized Tatars and Karamanlid Turks. The Keywords : baptized Tatars, grunts, scientific novelty of this work lies in the Turks, Karamanlids, dialects, linguistic fact that the Kryashen and Karamanlid features, borrowings. dialects were studied for the first time in a comparative aspect. The analysis was Introduction based on data from a continuous sample Baptized Tatars (Kryashen) are of explanatory, etymological, an ethno-confessional group of Tatars of encyclopedic dictionaries of the Tatar, the Volga and Ural regions. Today they 1 Kazan Federal University. 2 Kazan Federal University, Tel.: +79274344737. e-mail: [email protected]. 3 Marmara University. Periódico do Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre Gênero e Direito Centro de Ciências Jurídicas - Universidade Federal da Paraíba V. 8 - Nº 07 - Ano 2019 – Special Edition ISSN | 2179-7137 | http://periodicos.ufpb.br/ojs2/index.php/ged/index 422 live in the Russian Federation, mainly in words denoting them among the Republics of Tatarstan, neighboring peoples is apparently Bashkortostan and Udmurtia, as well as explained by very ancient ethnocultural in the Samara, Kirov and Chelyabinsk and economic ties. The Kryashens more regions. In 2000, according to the results firmly preserved ancient ritual, wedding of the All-Russian population census, the and memorial songs, as well as archaic Kryashens received the status of a sub- forms of jewelry and clothes. ethnic group of Tatars. According to the traditional and According to territorial and most justified point of view on the linguistic features, baptized Tatars, or problem of the occurrence of kryashens, Khryashens, are divided into five groups: the formation of this group as an − Zakazansky kryasheny; independent community took a long time − Kryasheny from Lower with the participation of various ethnic Prikamye; groups, primarily of Turkic and Finno- − Nagaybaki; Ugric origin. This point of view is also − Chistopol kryasheny; confirmed by the linguistic features of − Molkeev’s kryasheny. the baptized Tatars. They all differ from each other The Karamanlid Turks, on the (Bayazitova, 1986). other hand, are part of the Turks who Kryashen profess the Orthodox lived on the territory of the Anatolia direction of Christianity. Over the course Peninsula and adopted Christianity of several centuries, they found (Orthodoxy). themselves in relative religious isolation The first time about the among Muslim Tatars. Kryashen Karamanlids in his book was told by the retained some ancient customs German traveler Hans Dernschwam associated with paganism. In the names (German: Hans Dernschwam). He and contents of pagan rituals, common traveled to Istanbul and Anatolia from features are observed with the Chuvash, 1553-1555. Mari and Mordovian, however, most of According to Dernshwam, these names are of ancient Turkic origin, these people whom he met in Istanbul in and the presence of such rituals and the one block near the Edikule district, came Periódico do Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre Gênero e Direito Centro de Ciências Jurídicas - Universidade Federal da Paraíba V. 8 - Nº 07 - Ano 2019 – Special Edition ISSN | 2179-7137 | http://periodicos.ufpb.br/ojs2/index.php/ged/index 423 to Istanbul from Karaman (Anzerlio ğlu, kind of connection between the 2003). Karamanlids and the Pechenegs. There are two different views Although the Karamanlids used on the origin of the Karamanlids. At first the Greek alphabet, they did not know glance, the Karamanlids are Greeks who the Greek language at all. They prayed initially lived on the shores of the and communicated among themselves Aegean Sea. After moving to central only in Turkish; even their ministry in Anatolia, the Karamanlids, having the churches was in their native Turkish forgotten their native language, mastered language. the Turkish language. Especially Greek And why were they called historians support this view. According karamanlids? This name is associated to these historians, the adoption of with the Karaman region, in which the Christianity and the use of the Greek Karamanlids themselves lived. Although alphabet prove that the Karamanlids are today Karaman is only the name of the Greeks. However, the use of the alphabet city, from the Middle Ages until 1864 is an incorrect criterion to determine the served as the name of the region. In this origin of one or another people. For region there were some cities like example, Turks throughout history have Kayseri, Konya, Nowhere, Nevsehir and used different alphabets, such as runic, Karaman. However, the Karamanlids Manichean, Sogdian, Old Uigur, lived not only in the Karaman region, but Brahmi, Tibetan, Assyrian, Arabic also in other cities of the Anatolia alphabets, Cyrillic, Jewish, Greek, Peninsula (İbar, 2010). Hungarian Armenian and Latin alphabets. Turkologist - Janos Eckmann (Janos And the second view, supported Eckmann) says about the settlements of more by Turkish historians, suggests that Karamanlids except Anatolia, that today the Karamanlids are Turks who crossed in Gagauzia there is a village called from Central Asia to Anatolia. Then they Karamanköy (Turkish Karamanköy) served in the Byzantine army and (Anzerlio ğlu, 2003). converted to Christianity (İbar, 2010). And what did the Karamanlids That is, we can say that there is some call themselves? Gazanfer Ibar (tour: Gazanfer İbar) writes about this in the Periódico do Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre Gênero e Direito Centro de Ciências Jurídicas - Universidade Federal da Paraíba V. 8 - Nº 07 - Ano 2019 – Special Edition ISSN | 2179-7137 | http://periodicos.ufpb.br/ojs2/index.php/ged/index 424 introduction of his book. In many Turkish for a long time. And at present, sources of Karamanlids, they call each only elderly people among them other as "Anadolulu hem şehrilerimiz" remember the Turkish language. We can (our Anatolian compatriots) or understand that the Karamanlids spoke "Anadolulu karında şlarımız" (our only Turkish, from the following Anatolian brothers). And, in addition, the sentences: “Türkçe konu şuyorlardı. Karamanlids called themselves Buraya gelincik de Türkçe “Anadolular” (Anatolians), “Anadolu konu şuyorduk. Urumca bilen yok idi. Hristiyanları” (Anatolian Christians), Çocuklarımız bilmiyordu Urumca”. (We “Anadolu Rumları” (Anatolian rooms). spoke Turkish. After arriving here, we And they called their native language as continued to speak Turkish. There was “Yavan Türkçe” (pure Turkish), “Açık nobody who knew Greek. And our Türkçe” (simple / understandable children did not know Greek.) Turkish) or “Anadolu Lisanı” (Anzerlio ğlu, 2003). (Anatolian) (İbar, 2010). But after the creation of the Methods Republic of Turkey, on July 24, 1923, The paper used a descriptive the Lausanne Peace Treaty was adopted. method, including observation, Under this agreement, a Greek-Turkish comparison and generalization, population exchange took place: Turks collection of factual material; dictionary who lived on the land of Greece were definition analysis method; comparative sent to Turkey, and the Greeks who lived typological method; a statistical method on the land of Turkey (except those for processing language material; in the living in the city of Istanbul) was sent to course of work, various analysis methods Greece. Including the Karamanlids were were applied: etymological analysis, sent to Greece, because they were also component analysis with the considered Greeks. This population identification of semantic components of exchange was very difficult for the a language unit and phonetic analysis. Karamanlids, because they did not know Greek at all. They could not adapt to life Results And Discussion in Greece. In addition, they spoke Periódico do Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre Gênero e Direito Centro de Ciências Jurídicas - Universidade Federal da Paraíba V. 8 - Nº 07 - Ano 2019 – Special Edition ISSN | 2179-7137 | http://periodicos.ufpb.br/ojs2/index.php/ged/index 425 This issue is covered in the we wanted in our work to compare their works of many scientists from different sociological nature, as well as the branches of knowledge, since the study specifics of the linguistic features of the