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Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. ProQuest Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Mi 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 UMI LA LEYENDA CULTA EN ESPAfîA DURANTE EL PERIODO ROMÂNTICO DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Susana P. Liso, M.A. The Ohio State University 2001 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Prof. Salvador Garcia, Adviser Prof. Rebecca Haidt Adviser Prof. Stephen Summerhill Department of Spanish and Portuguese UMI Number; 3031224 Copyright 2002 by Liso. Susana Paula All rights reserved. UMI* UMI Microfonfn3031224 Copyright 2002 by Bell & Howell Information and Leaming Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Bell & Howell Information and Leaming Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 ABSTRACT During the Romantic period in Spain legend, written in verse or in prose, was among the most popular genres. Its significance within the three decades analyzed here (1834-1864) is remarkable however no comprehensive study of this literary genre is available. To a large extent this is because of the different name these narrations could appear {romances, cuentos, and baladas) . Yet Nicolaisen pointed that legend is a formlessness genre (171) . These narrations represent a new way in the Romantic narrative literature; they reflect the changes undergone by the society in Spain during the reign of Isabel II (1833- 1868) . In chapter I, I discuss some of the considerations scholars have established about legends. I also explore the situation in the perceptive study of them in different periods. In II, I explore the political and literary situation within these years when Spain underwent important transformations. In this new narrative, the past was recovered and (re)presented according to the current needs. In III, I explore the situation inside the Spanish literary world during this period. Legends are an important part of the Romantic movement. They also allowed to project certain political and social issues in the ii literary works of the period. In IV, I consider the purpose behind the legends written by a selected and representative group of Spanish Romantic writers. Chapters V and VII are devoted to develop a narratological approach to the legends. I explore the constituents of a narration, story and discourse. Since this genre is formlessness, the narratological perspective allows us to explore categories never combined before. And finally in VII, I establish a typology of legends based on their macrostructure. My analysis includes texts by Angel Saavedra, duke of Rivas, José Zorrilla, Gustavo Adolfo Bécguer, José Joaquin de Mora, Juan Arolas, Vicente Barrantes, Gregorio Romero Larraflaga, and other authors whose compositions were published in some of the most important magazines and journals of that period. I l l No se debe cambiar de opiniôn si no se puede cambiar de conducta. Manuel Linares Rivas Feliz el hombre que se ocupa en la sabiduria, y que dialoga con su inteligencia, el que médita sus caminos en su corazôn y reflexiona en sus secretos. Eclesiastés 14, 20-21 Seek the sacred within the ordinary. Seek the remarkable within the commonplace. Rehbe Machman of Breslav A mis padres IV AGRADECIMIENTOS Quiero agracadecer de modo especial a mi director de tesis, profesor Salvador Garcia Castafieda, por toda la ayuda que he recibio de él. También quiero mencionar a los profesores Rebecca Haidt y Stephan Summerhill por sus sugerencias y comentarios. Y por Ultimo a la profesora Barbara Becker-Cantarino por sus valiosas observaciones. A mi familia que ha sido una fuente inagotable de energia y confianza, y con la que he contado en todo momento. A mis amigos y a todos aquéllos que de alguna manera u otra me han ayudado y me han entendido. Y por Ultimo a la vida que me ha permitido llegar hasta aqui. iMuchas gracias! VITA FEBRUARY 17, 1962 .............. Born - Pamplona, Spain 1990 .......................... Licenciatura, Filologia Espafiola. Spanish, Universidad de Navarra 1993 ......................... M.A. Spanish, The Ohio State University 1991- 1997 .................. Graduate Teaching and Research Associate, The Ohio State University 1998- 1999 .................. Graduate Administrative Associate, The Ohio State University FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Spanish and Portuguese Specialization: Spanish Peninsular Literature vx In d i c e Pâgina Abstract --------------------------------------------------- ii **«****«****»*«***»*******»***«**##* «#*«#* *******»***«*##*#*«*««#*#**$»#»*##***#«**»*«»»*«»«»#»***#*#»###»*###»»****»**###»#*#**#»*# #*#»#**»« *#««#*»**#*# #***#»»*#*»«»»* 6]^ ^2^) S #################*####»##«#########»#$#»######»########## Vita ----------------------------------- vi indice __ ___ ....— -- ..... .....— ...... ............................................................................................. vii Introduce ........................................ w 1 Capitules: 1. La leyenda y los générés literarios ............................................................... 6 1.1 Hacia una definiciôn de la leyenda cul ta ____ ___ ......... 7 1.2 La pluralidad de la leyenda culta ................................................. 13 1.3 La leyenda culta: punto de encuentro entre la épica culta y la leyenda tradicional ___________ 21 1.4.1 La poesxa éprco^narratrva ............................................ 25 1.4.2 La leyenda tradicional .................................................... 30 2. Panorama de la sociedad espafiola en el siglo XIX .................... 37 2.1 Transformacién social de la Espafla isabelina _______ 38 2.2 Transformacién cultural ....— --- ...— ™™..™— ..............--- 53 2.3 La educacién informai. La prensa ................................................. 58 2.4 Ija l%is tor la ........................................................................................................ 68 3. Panorama literario y la leyenda culta en Espafla en el siglo ^CI^C ................................................................................................................................. 79 3.1 Marco cronolégico -------------------------------- 80 3.2 Panorama literario espeiflol duremte el reinado de sabel II ................................................................................................. 84 3.3 El florecimiento de la leyenda. Principios y vii 4. Principales cultivadores de la leyenda culta durante el Romanticismo ...______ ___.............. .....__ ............................. ........... 108 4.1 José Joaquin de Mora .......... ..... — 109 4.2 Ànqel Saavedra * duque de Rivas ..................................................... 116 4.3 iJufim oIfis ........................................................................................................ 124 4.4 José Zorrilla ................................................................................................... 132 4.5 Vicente Barrantes ...__ ...___....................— ......--- ..................... 138 4.6 Gregorio Romero Larraflaga ____ ........................................................... 145 4.7 Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer ............................................................................ 151 5. Los constituyentes de la historia en la leyenda cul ta r^)Trtànt ica .............................................................................................................................. 160 5.1 Los persona] es .....w................................##........................ .............................. 164 5.2 Algunos temas y personages......................................™w.......................... 188 6.2.1 La mu] er la sociedad .......................................................... 193 6.2.2 La monarquia y la nobleza ---.....................- .......... 203 6.2.3 El pueblo: ^barbarie o future? ........................................ 215 6.2.4 La presencia de la(s) creciente(s) clase(s) médias __ ...............................— ....... 223 5.3 El escenario ...................................................................................................... 228 6.3.1 La ciudad y el mundo rural ----------------- 241 6.3.2 La naturaleza