A Review of the Performance of Tanzania’s Prevention and Combating of Corruption Bureau, 2007-16 P.O. Box 38486, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. | Tel: +255 22 2780200 Email: [email protected] | Website: www.policyforum.or.tz November 2018 A Review of the Performance of Tanzania’sA review Prevention of the performance and Combating of of Tanzania’sCorruption Bureau,Prevention 2007-16 and Combating of Corruption Bureau, 2007-16 PART I: MAIN REPORT PART I: MAIN REPORT PCCB Headquarters, Urambo Street, Upanga, Dar es Salaam ©PCCB November 2018 A review of the performance of Tanzania’s Prevention and Combating of Corruption Bureau, 2007-16 TABLE OFOF CONTENTSCONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................ 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..................................................................................................................iv Summary of PCCB’s performance 2007-16 ............................................................................ 5 SummaryCHAPTER of PCCB’s1: Introduction performance ................................ 2007-16 ........................................................................................................................................................... v8 CHAPTER 2: Methodology, review questions, limits of the review..................................... 10 CHAPTERCHAPTER 1: 3:Introduction Background ............................................................................................................... and literature review........................................................................ 121 3.1 Types of corruption ......................................................................................................... 12 CHAPTER 2: Methodology, review questions, limits of the review ............................................3 3.2 Corruption control in Tanzanian history.......................................................................... 12 CHAPTERBox 3.1: 3: Civil Background society’s unsuccessful and literature attempt review to ...........................................................................influence the Prevention and Combating of 5 Corruption3.1 Types Act of (2007) corruption ................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 155 Table3.2 3.1: Corruption PCB-PCCB control Timeline in Tanzanian ................................ history ............................................................................................................................................. 155 3.3Box PCCB 3.1: Civil functions society’s and unsuccessful linkages................................ attempt to influence................................ the Prevention and......................... 17 Combating of Corruption Act (2007) .........................................................................................8 3.4 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 18 Table 3.1: PCB-PCCB Timeline ................................................................................................8 Chapter 4: PCCB’s capacities and performance .................................................................. 19 3.3 PCCB functions and linkages..........................................................................................10 4.13.4 Budgets, Conclusion staffing ...................................................................................................................... and activities ....................................................................................... 1911 4.2 Trends in reporting and investigating corruption............................................................. 23 ChapterChart 4.1:4: PCCB’s PCB/PCCB capacities performance and performance 2004-2016 ................................ ............................................................................................................... 1223 4.1 Budgets, staffing and activities ........................................................................................12 Chart 4.2: Sectors with PCCB investigations underway 2014- 4.2 Trends in reporting and investigating corruption .............................................................16 15……………………………………………26 Chart 4.1: PCB/PCCB performance 2004-2016 ....................................................................17 Chart 4.3: Cases investigated and cases in court, 2014/15 (percent) ....................................... 27 Chart 4.2: Sectors with PCCB investigations underway 2014-15.. ........................................19 4.3Chart Crime 4.3: andCases punishment investigated ................................ and cases in court,................................ 2014/15 (percent)................................ ...................................... 2027 Chart4.3 4.4 Crime Number and ofpunishment ongoing cases, .................................................................................................... convictions and acquitals, PCCB 2007-16 ..................... 2028 ChartChart 4.5: 4.4 PCCB Number files inof progressongoing cases,and files convictions completed and 2008 acquitals,-2016 ................................ PCCB 2007-16 ............................ 2129 Chart 4.5: PCCB files in progress and files completed 2008-2016 ........................................22 Box 4.1: PCCB back-of-envelope cost-benefit analysis ............................................................ 29 Box 4.1: PCCB back-of-envelope cost-benefit analysis .........................................................22 4.44.4 The TheList ofList Shame of Shame ................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 2330 4.54.5 Justice Justice delayed… delayed… ................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 2431 BoxBox 4.2: 4.2: PCCB PCCB and and electoral electoral corruption corruption ................................ ................................................................................................................................... 2431 Box 4.3: Tanzania’s entire judicial system, not just PCCB, is under siege ...........................25 Box 4.3: Tanzania’s entire judicial system, not just PCCB, is under siege .............................. 32 4.6 Conclusion .....................................................................................................................25 4.6 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 32 ChapterChapter 5: Corruption5: Corruption,, politics politics and and the the PCCB PCCB ............................................................................ ..................................................................... 2633 5.15.1 Corruption Corruption within within PCCB PCCB and and the the judiciary judiciary ................................ ............................................................................................................ 2633 BoxBox 5.1: 5.1: PCCB PCCB Chief Chief Accountant Accountant in thein the dock dock ................................ ................................................................................................................... 2734 Chart 5.1: Cases returned by DPP to PCCB for prosecution or further investigation ............29 iv A Review of the Performance of Tanzania’s Prevention and Combating of Corruption Bureau, 2007-16 Table 5.1: Grand corruption cases under investigation, or not, 2008 .....................................30 5.2 Popular perceptions of corruption and the PCCB ...........................................................31 Chart 5.2: Views on the risks involved in reporting corruption (percent) ................................32 Chart 5.3: Views on how many PCCB officials are involved in corruption (%) .......................33 5.3 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................33 Chapter 6: Donor support to PCCB .............................................................................................34 6.1 Overview of government-donor anti-corruption relations ................................................34 6.2 Donors and the PCCB.....................................................................................................36 Box 6.1: Claims of serious UNDP governance weaknesses in basket fund management ....37 6.3 The donor-PCCB interface: meaningful dialogue or dialogue of the deaf? .....................38 6.4 The Magufuli effect ..........................................................................................................40 Chapter 7: Summary and conclusions ........................................................................................42 7.1 Review questions revisited...............................................................................................42 7.1.1 How has the PCCB performed during the last decade? ..............................................42