Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 473 Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Social Sciences (ICSS 2020) Bialahin Concept: Reflections on the Unity of the Buru People in Maluku Dortje L. Y. Lopulalan* Jumadi Muhammad Syukur Post Doktoral Departmen of Sociology Departemen Sociological Science Departmen of Sociology Universitas Negeri Makassar Faculty of Social Science Faculty of Social Science Makassar, Indonesia Universitas Negeri Makassar Universitas Negeri Makassar [email protected] Makassar, Indonesia Makassar, Indonesia [email protected] [email protected] Abstract— This qualitative study aimed to understand family or belong to the Palmae family [2][3], are plants that whether Bialahin (pear sago) can be a reflection and spirit of storing starch on the stem. the unity of the Buru community that can serve as a pattern of leadership theory in Maluku today. Actually the concept of The socio-cultural philosophy of the Buru Bialahin, is the concept of strong unity that forms solidarity among the Moluccan people, is believed to have unwittingly indigenous people conceptualizes bialahin as consisting of become a symbol of the Buru community in Maluku. The two words: bialahin means sago and Latin can mean trees concept of Bialahin has actually also been implemented in the and roots, so bialahin refers to sago trees. The Buru kinship context of leadership called "Basafena or Gebakuasan" which system called bialahin which shows a sub-group of a kinship seems to have occupied a central position and is surrounded by group (clan). The leader of the bialahin is called. Basafena members of the community. The life unity of the Bialahin or Gebakuasan who occupies the middle position and is concept is described in the sago plant family, its relationship surrounded by its members. with the development of functional structures in society and organizations will be seen in the pattern of leadership played by a leader. The study to understand these concepts and reflections, there are a number of supporting theories (Tacolt Parsons as structural theories, Nonaka-takeuchi, as tori creations of individual knowledge) have been used to see how Bialahin as a reflection of unity and identical theories of Buru people can be a reflection the spirit of unity of the Buru community in Maluku. To analyze data collected from Regenchap, a traditional battle area, this study uses a structural functional approach. This study was successfully carried out in Kayeli, Buru Regency, Maluku Province. From his findings in broad outline it can be concluded: The concept of bialahin as a reflection of the unity of the Buru community can be used as a pattern of leadership in Maluku, especially during the Maluki community resolution. This concept leadership shows the behavior of sharing knowledge with Figure 1. Sago grove (Louhenapessy, 1992). group members, creating their own source of energy for Based on the position of the tree (1) is the parent of one members to have mutual trust, the same fate, cooperation, to family. Tree (2) is a substitute candidate for the tree (1), as form a bialahin ecosystem that is interrelated with each other well as trees (3), (4) and (5). Trees (1) will give other trees a in action, maintaining the balance of the Maluku community system itself. chance to live if they are cut down before the presence of trees (5). As long as the tree (1) survives, the others will not Keywords: Bialahin, Life Unity, Maluku Buru Society, and pass over it. From these sago groves, there is an energy flow Leadership Theory between one another. Bialahin life unit depicted in sago groves. Functionally the life unity of bialahin will be seen by I. INTRODUCTION the pattern of leadership played by a leader. Because the purpose of this study is to analyze bialahin (Sago Tree) as a Life unity is an emotional and cultural closeness reflection of the unity of Buru people. The question is raised. between members of the community to form a community Can it be used as a pattern of community leadership in by including certain identities [1]. Unity of life-related to the Maluku? community aspects of society. Community is a unity of local Supporting theory used to study the research focus on life based on the bond of the place of life, an inner bond that how bialahin (sago tree) as a reflection of the unity of the makes people always feel attached to their old community. Buru people can be used as a pattern of leadership in The unity of the Buru community actually originated from Maluku, is a functional structural theory by Tacolt Parsons. the concept of bialahin (sago tree), which consists of 3-5 The theory of Structural Functionalism is part of the social houses following the biological structure of the sago tree, facts paradigm, which examines both visible and invisible where trees from the genus Metroxylon and the Arecaceae social facts. Changes that occur in one section will cause Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press SARL. This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license -http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. 580 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 473 changes in other parts. The basic assumption is that every AGIL a function is a collection of activities that are social structure and social system has a functional part or directed towards meeting certain needs or system element to other parts or elements. Conversely, if it is not requirements. Nonaka and Takeuchi first reintroduced the functional, the structure will not exist or will disappear by importance of the process of creating knowledge for itself [4][5]. This theory basically views society as a system individual employees. Knowledge creation can be seen as a consisting of system elements that are interrelated and work process whereby the knowledge possessed by employees as according to their respective functions. That way, every individuals are internalized into the organizational existing system contributes to an equilibrium (balance). knowledge base [9]. Knowledge is created through interactions between individuals at various levels in the This theory also explains that social structure and social organization. Organizations cannot create knowledge without institutions are related to the function of social facts. The the role of individuals, the reality does show that if function in this theory is related to the effects that can be individual knowledge is not shared with other individuals or observed in the process of adaptation or adjustment of a groups, individual efforts have limitations on the impact of system. Structural functionalism runs through individuals as organizational effectiveness. Organizational capacity actors by carrying out their respective functions and roles in optimizing knowledge depends to a large extent on human through adaptation to the structural subsystem of aspects that can actually create, share, and use that functionalism, which results in an action (unit of action). knowledge [10]. According to Quinn knowledge shared will From this action unit, then there is an active system where grow exponentially. If two people exchange knowledge with the community has found the purpose of the action. So that a each other, both will get information and experience that society is formed with its own uniqueness. Later, more grows linearly. But if both of them then share new complex changes will occur [6]. The functionalism knowledge with others and get feedback or modify the perspective offers several functional requirements or exponential usefulness. Sharing knowledge in organizations requirements that must be met for a social system to survive. is part of prosocial behavior. At the individual level, there some of these requirements include: are three perspectives in looking at humans that determine why someone is willing to share knowledge [11]. a. Adaptation (Adaptation), A system of adjustment to the existing environment must be able to survive when the First, certain personality characteristics that distinguish external situation is not supportive. The system is one person from others in sharing knowledge. When viewed required to be able to overcome the needs that come from from the motivation theory, this personality type is called outside the system. altruistic motivation or internal motivation [12]. Altruistic b. Goal Attainment: a condition that a system needs to have motivation is based on empathy so that the ultimate goal is in order to continue to maintain its existence. Without the welfare of colleagues or other groups. For people with clear goals, there can be no synergy between sub-systems altruistic personalities, sharing knowledge is a necessity in the existing system. So a system must have a clear because sharing knowledge itself is an acknowledgment of direction to try to achieve its main goal. Under these the knowledge it has. Sharing your own knowledge is an conditions, the system must be able to determine and award. have the resources to set and achieve goals that are collective. Therefore, material incentives are not needed. In fact, c. Integration: A system must regulate the relationships there are personality characteristics that do correlate with between parts that become its components. The system knowledge sharing. Secondly, knowledge sharing is due to must also be able to manage the relationships between the external motivation or egoistic motivation [13]. Selfish three other important functions. Integration is a function motivation has the ultimate goal to improve the welfare of that regulates the relationship between one part and the the doer on the basis of personal gain, namely reducing self other. That said, integration is a factor that creates distress. Sharing is not caused by internal needs but because synergy between one sub-system with sub-systems of external stimulus or appreciation. Third, knowledge d. Latency: a system must complete, maintain, and improve sharing is caused by the conducive climate created by the cultural patterns.