Front cover photo: Male Tonkin snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus avunculus © Le Van Dung Primates in Peril: The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates 2012–2014 Edited by Christoph Schwitzer, Russell A. Mittermeier, Anthony B. Rylands, Lucy A. Taylor, Federica Chiozza, Elizabeth A. Williamson, Janette Wallis and Fay E. Clark Illustrations by Stephen D. Nash IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG) International Primatological Society (IPS) Conservation International (CI) Bristol Zoological Society (BZS) This publication was supported by the Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation and the Humane Society International. Published by: IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG), International Primatological Society (IPS), Conservation International (CI), Bristol Zoological Society (BZS) Copyright: ©2014 Conservation International All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher. Inquiries to the publisher should be directed to the following address: Russell A. Mittermeier, Chair, IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA. Citation (report): Schwitzer, C., Mittermeier, R. A., Rylands, A. B., Taylor, L. A., Chiozza, F., Williamson, E. A., Wallis, J. and Clark, F. E. (eds.). 2014. Primates in Peril: The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates 2012–2014. IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG), International Primatological Society (IPS), Conservation International (CI), and Bristol Zoological Society, Arlington, VA. iv+87pp. Citation (species): Mbora, D. N. M. and Butynski, T. M. 2014. Tana River red colobus Piliocolobus rufomitratus (Peters, 1879). In: C. Schwitzer, R. A. Mittermeier, A. B. Rylands, L. A. Taylor, F. Chiozza, E. A. Williamson, J. Wallis and F. E. Clark (eds.), Primates in Peril: The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates 2012–2014, pp. 20–21. IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG), International Primatological Society (IPS), Conservation International (CI), and Bristol Zoological Society, Arlington, VA. Layout and illustrations: © Stephen D. Nash, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, and Department of Anatomical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA. Available from: Jill Lucena, Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.primate-sg.org Printed by: Tray, Glen Burnie, MD ISBN: 978-1-934151-69-3 ii Contents Acknowledgements.........................................................................................iv The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates: 2012–2014..........................................1 Africa .........................................................................................................................10 Rondo dwarf galago (Galagoides rondoensis) ....................................................................11 Roloway monkey (Cercopithecus roloway) ...........................................................................14 Bioko red colobus (Piliocolobus pennantii pennantii) .......................................................17 Tana River red colobus (Piliocolobus rufomitratus) .......................................................20 Grauer’s gorilla (Gorilla beringei graueri) .........................................................................22 Madagascar ............................................................................................................... 25 Madame Berthe’s mouse lemur (Microcebus berthae) ...................................................26 Sclater’s black lemur or Blue-eyed black lemur (Eulemur flavifrons) ...........................29 Red ruffed lemur Varecia( rubra) ....................................................................................33 Northern sportive lemur (Lepilemur septentrionalis) ....................................................36 Silky sifaka (Propithecus candidus) .......................................................................................38 Indri (Indri indri) ..................................................................................................................44 Asia....................................................................................................48 Pygmy tarsier (Tarsius pumilus) ..........................................................................................49 Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus) ................................................................................51 Pig-tailed snub-nosed langur (Simias concolor) ...............................................................55 Delacour’s langur (Trachypithecus delacouri) .....................................................................57 Golden-headed langur or Cat Ba langur (Trachypithecus poliocephalus)........................59 Western purple-faced langur (Semnopithecus vetulus nestor) .......................................61 Grey-shanked douc monkey (Pygathrix cinerea) ................................................................65 Tonkin snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus avunculus) ..................................................67 Cao-Vit or Eastern black-crested gibbon (Nomascus nasutus) .......................................69 Neotropics ................................................................................................................72 Variegated or Brown spider monkey (Ateles hybridus) .................................................73 Ecuadorian brown-headed spider monkey (Ateles fusciceps fusciceps) .........................75 Ka’apor capuchin (Cebus kaapori) .......................................................................................77 San Martín titi monkey (Callicebus oenanthe) .................................................................79 Northern brown howler (Alouatta guariba guariba) .........................................................81 Editors’ addresses .....................................................................................................84 Contributors’ addresses .............................................................................................84 iii Acknowledgements The 2012–2014 iteration of the World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates was drawn up during an open meeting held during the XXIV Congress of the International Primatological Society (IPS), Cancún, 14 August 2012, and was published as a series of Species Fact Sheets (Mittermeier et al. 2012). Here, we present an extended version of the 2012–2014 list, with more comprehensive information about the threats facing these primates and with bibliographic references cited in the text. We have updated the species profiles from the 2008–2010 edition for those species remaining on the list, and added additional profiles for newly listed species. This publication is a joint effort of the IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, the International Primatological Society, Conservation International, and the Bristol Zoological Society. We are most grateful to the Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation for providing significant support for research and conservation efforts on these endangered primates through the direct provision of grants and through the Primate Action Fund, administered by Ms. Ella Outlaw of the President’s Office at Conservation International. Over the years, the foundation has provided support for the training workshops held before the biennial congresses of the International Primatological Society and helped primatologists to attend the meetings to discuss the composition of the list of the world’s 25 most endangered primates. We would like to thank all of the authors who contributed to the final 2012–2014 version: Thomas M. Butynski, Drew T. Cronin, Dong Thanh Hai, Leonardo Gomes Neves, Nanda Grow, Sharon Gursky-Doyen, Ha Thang Long, Gail W. Hearn, Le Khac Quyet, Andrés Link, Long Yoncheng, Edward E. Louis, Jr., David N. M. Mbora, W. Scott McGraw, Fabiano R. Melo, Alba Lucia Morales Jiménez, Paola Moscoso-R., Tilo Nadler, K. Anna I. Nekaris, Vincent Nijman, Stuart Nixon, John F. Oates, Lisa M. Paciulli, Erwin Palacios, Richard J. Passaro, Erik R. Patel, Andrew Perkin, Phan Duy Thuc, Martina Raffel, Guy H. Randriatahina, Matthew Richardson, E. Johanna Rode, Christian Roos, Rasanayagam Rudran, Livia Schäffler, Daniela Schrudde, Roswitha Stenke, Jatna Supriatna, Maurício Talebi, Diego G. Tirira, Bernardo Urbani, Jan Vermeer, Sylviane N. M. Volampeno and John R. Zaonarivelo. Reference Mittermeier, R.A., C. Schwitzer, A.B. Rylands, L.A. Taylor, F. Chiozza, E.A. Williamson and J. Wallis (eds.). 2012. Primates in Peril: The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates 2012–2014. IUCN/ SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG), International Primatological Society (IPS), Conservation International (CI), Arlington, VA, and Bristol Conservation and Science Foundation, Bristol, UK. 40pp. iv The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates: 2012-2014 Here we report on the seventh iteration of the biennial listing of a consensus of the 25 primate species considered to be among the most endangered worldwide and the most in need of conservation measures. The 2012–2014 list of the world’s 25 most endangered primates has five species from Africa, six from Madagascar, nine from Asia, and five from the Neotropics (Table 1). Madagascar tops the list with six species. Vietnam has five, Indonesia three, Brazil two, and China, Colombia, Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ecuador, Equatorial