The Beginning of the Cold War By Ana Bhandari World War II (Germany) ● After WW1 and the signing of the Treaty of Versailles which forced Germany to take the blame for WW1. Germany was forced to pay 6,600 million pound, and were demilitarized. ● The treaty was not popular among the Germans. ● This created for the perfect atmosphere for the rise of Hitler and the National Socialist Party. (Nazi Party) World War II (Germany) ● In 1933 Hitler became the Chancellor of Germany. ● He gradually increased the size of his army. (No one interfere because Europe was recovering from the first war) ● In 1939 Hitler invaded poland and Great Britain and France Declared war on Germany. Alliances in WW2 Atlantic Charter ● It was issued August 14, 1941 in WW2 ● FDR and Winston Churchill ● This was policy. ● The US and Great Britain would not gain any land from the War. ● Their countries would help restore the governments of any nations hurt during the war. ● Individuals in the nation were to decide their own kind of government. ● All counties to abandon the use of force. ● Reduction of Trade restrictions ● Freedom of the seas ● In January 1942 the UN signed the Charter. Tehran Conference ● November 28-December 1 in 1943 ● This was between FDR, Stalin, Churchill in Tehran in WW2. ● Discussed military strategy regarding Germany and Japan ● British Foreign Secretary had created a line that Stain wanted. ● Moving the German- Polish border to the Oder and Neisse rivers. Tehran Conference ● The United Nations were discussed: the intent was for the US, Great Britain, China, and the Soviet Union would have control. ● “Declaration of the Three Powered Regarding Iran” - this promised economic assistance to Iran during and after the war as long as they fought against Germany. Context ( Joseph Stain) ● Joseph Stalin Represented the Soviet Union who had aligned himself with Hitler in 1939(German- Soviet Non Aggression Pact aka Nazi-Soviet Non Aggression Pact), however Germany Broke that pact when they invaded the Soviet Union. ● In 1941 he teams up with Great Britain and the United States ● By 1945 the Soviets had already invaded Germany and were 40 miles outside of Berlin. The Soviets also want a buffer zone from the rest of Europe so that they don’t get invaded again. Context (US and Great Britain) ● Winston Churchill wants a democratic Poland and Eastern Europe. By 1939 200,000 were put into the Gulas. ● Gulas are Labor Camps. ● The US/FDR are thinking about Japan, at this point the manhattan Project had not been completed. Inspired the notion that we may need Russia's help. Yalta Conference (aka Crimean Conference) ● February 2 to 11th in 1945. (In Southern Ukraine) ● This was a meeting between British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin, and president Franklin D. Roosevelt. ● Here they discussed the outcome of Germany and the war. ● They decided Germany would be broken into 4 divisions controlled by the Soviet Union, US, UK and France. Yalta Conference What was accomplished? ● The Soviets and the US agreed to join the United Nations. (Both have veto power of any actions of the United Nations) ● Stalin agrees to allow free democratic elections. ● Unconditional surrender of Germany. Yalta Conference What was accomplished? ● It was decided that Germany would be broken up. ● Stalin lies and says he will ensure there are free elections in Eastern Europe. Stain wants to make amends. ● Soviets agreed to help the US invade Japan after the fall of Hitler. (But we won’t need their help) Potsdam Conference ● This conference included Harry S Truman, Winston Churchill and Stalin. ● It was held July 17th to August 2, in 1945. ● Demanded the “unconditional surrender of Japan” ● They discussed the outcome of Europe. ● Germany Specifically: Nazis had to become decentralized. (Decentralized means to move power from the central to the local government). They wanted the German Economy to focus on agriculture. Potsdam Conference ● Soviets did not want Germany to be divided into zones, however they agreed to the dividing germany into zones. ● Truman: The first atomic bomb had been tested. Results of the Potsdam Conference ● Truman determined that he had to be stricter with the Soviets and were concerned about Stalin's intentions. ● Stalin began to suspect the US and Great Britain were against the Soviet Union. ● This was the last conference among the three nations. Joseph Stalin ● Stalinism: This was his way of ruling including his policies. Being a member of the Soviet Communist Party. ● He named himself. ● Came from an abusive household. ● Stalin did not want to be attacked by Eastern Europe. Charles de Gaulle ● He fought in WW1 and was a prisoner of war. ● He led the Free French movement in WW2 ● FDR couldn't stand him and was believed to purposely be left out of Yalta. ● 1945 he became president of France. FDR to Truman ● Truman was given the burden of the Atomic Bomb. ● Truman was significant in founding the UN. ● Policy and ideology were similar. OPCVL OPCVL Origin: August 6th 1945. This was a speech delivered by Harry Truman from the White House. Purpose: Is to inform the American people of the dropping of the Atomic Bomb (WW2). “A short time ago an American airplane dropped one bomb Hiroshima and destroyed the its usefulness to the army.” Value: Nuclear weapons now became a part of our world. “With this bomb, we have now added a new and revolutionary increase in destruction to the supplement the growing power of our armed forces.” Limitation: It does not acknowledge the long term consequences of the atomic bomb nor the way it harmed individuals in Japan. (Radiation Poisoning, death of children and families). It does not acknowledge the complexity of using a nuclear weapon. Bibliography ● Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Cold War.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 23 Jan. 2018, www.britannica.com/event/Cold-War. ● “The Cold War Erupts.” Ushistory.org, Independence Hall Association, www.ushistory.org/us/52a.asp. ● History.com Staff. “World War II.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 2009, www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/world-war-ii-history. ● “World War Two - Causes.” History, 12 Feb. 2018, www.historyonthenet.com/world-war-two-causes/. ● History.com Staff. “Potsdam Conference.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 2009, www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/potsdam-conference. ● U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of State, history.state.gov/milestones/1937-1945/yalta-conf. Sites Used: https://www.britannica.com/event/Cold-War http://www.ushistory.org/us/52a.asp http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/world-war-ii-history http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/treaty-of-versailles https://www.historyonthenet.com/world-war-two-causes/ http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/potsdam-conference https://history.state.gov/milestones/1937-1945/yalta-conf.