Diversity and Evolution of Rosids

Diversity and Evolution of Rosids

*Malvales • strongly supported order of Diversity and Evolution 11 families of Rosids Malvaceae . cacao, mustard, and capers . Cistaceae Dipterocarpaceae *Malvales *Malvaceae - mallows • strongly supported order of • Malvaceae is now “broadly” 11 families defined (includes Tiliaceae, Sterculiaceae, Bombacaceae) • (+/-) suite of wood, hair, leaf, and chemical features • 243 genera / 4300 species Bixaceae Malvaceae 1 *Malvaceae - mallows *Malvaceae - mallows 1. leaves palmately veined 4. Many stamens, often bundled, (simple or compound) sometimes monadelphous into a staminal tube 2. sepals valvate - not overlapping CA 5 CO 5 A (∞) G (5-∞) Sparmannia 3. stellate hairs Trichospermum Sphaeralcea Hibiscus trionum Hibiscus tiliaceus Grewia Hibiscus *Malvaceae - mallows *Malvaceae - mallows “malvoids” “malvoids” Althaea - hollyhock, marsh mallow Gossypium - cotton Malva - mallow, Napaea dioica cheese - glade mallow Hibiscus • only Midwestern endemic genus 2 *Malvaceae - mallows *Malvaceae - mallows “tilioids” “bombacoids” Adansonia - baobabs Trichospermum Tilia americana - Central America basswood, linden Pseudobombax Grewia Madagascar *Malvaceae - mallows *Brassicales “sterculoids” • 17 families • morphologically diverse! glucosinolates myrosinase enzyme isothiocynates mustard oils Theobroma - “food of the gods,” cacao, chocolate Cola 3 *Brassicales *Brassicales Capparaceae - capers Caricaceae - papaya Tropaeolaceae - garden nasturtium Cardinal-McTeague, W. M., K. J. Sytsma, J. C. Hall. 2016. Biogeography and diversification of Brassicales: a 103 million year chronicle. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 99: 204-224 *Brassicaceae - mustard *Brassicaceae - mustard Large (338 genera / 3710 species), complex family of mustard oil CA 4 CO 4 A 4+2 G (2) producing herbs (broccoli, brussel sprouts, cauliflower, kale, cabbage); Arabidopsis - genetic/genome model plant species • flowers “cross-like” with 4 petals, six stamens with 2 outer ones shorter - derivation of “Cruciferae” or “cross-bearing” Arabidopsis thaliana Cardamine concatenata - Cardamine pratensis - cut leaf toothwort cuckoo flower 4 *Brassicaceae - mustard *Brassicaceae - mustard CA 4 CO 4 A 4+2 G (2) • gynoecium of 2 fused carpels CA 4 CO 4 A 4+2 G (2) • fruits are called siliques or separated by thin membrane with silicles based on how the fruit is ovules in a parietal fashion flattened relative to the septum • siliques flattened contrary to • fruit is a capsule that septum peels off the two outer • silicle flattened parallel to replum carpel walls exposing the septum papery membrane or septum attached to the persistant replum - x section - *Brassicaceae - mustard *Brassicaceae - mustard • shape of fruits appear to have diversified rapidly in the family - unfortunately infra-familial classification has • Aethionema - Mediterranean been largely based on the fruit region - is sister to rest of family 5 *Brassicaceae - mustard *Brassicaceae - mustard Cardamine concatenata - cut leaf toothwort Nasturtium officinale - water cress • Common spring flowering woodland herbs • edible aquatic native Cardamine douglasii - with a mustard zing purple spring cress *Brassicaceae - mustard *Brassicaceae - mustard • Introduced or spreading Alliaria petiolata - garlic mustard Hesperis matronalis - Barbarea vulgaris - yellow Dame’s rocket rocket, winter cress 6 *Brassicaceae - mustard *Myrtales • strongly supported order of 12 families • defined by 2 anatomical features First collection - 1938 < 1948 < 1958 < 1968 Garlic mustard distribution - 2006 Garlic mustard distribution - 2007 Garlic mustard distribution - 2008 Garlic mustard distribution - 2009-2016 < 1978 < 1988 *Myrtales • this combination • Diversification placed the anomalus analyses identify three Vochysiaceae w ithin Blakea significant shifts in Myrtales Melastomataceae speciation • 3 very large tropical • Near or just within the crown radiations of Vochysi aceae families these three families Heterotrichum Myrtaceae Combretaceae Psidium - guava Metrosideros - o’hia 7 *Onagraceae - evening primrose *Onagraceae - evening primrose A moderate sized family of 17 genera and about 650 species - most diverse in western N. America __ CA 4 CO 4 A 4,8 G (4) • Ludwigia is sister to remainder of the • tropical Fuchsia family • 4 merous flowers, epigynous, is diverse in South and often well developed America hypanthium Oenothera biennis - evening primrose *Onagraceae - evening primrose *Onagraceae - evening primrose • Circumboreal Circaea is sister to woody southern Epilobium hirsutum - hemisphere Fuchsia willowherb Chamerion angustifolium - Fuchsia fireweed • 2 merous flowers; fruit is Circaea lutetiana - enchanter’s nightshade one-seeded and bristly 8 Lythraceae - loosestrife Lythraceae - loosestrife Close relative of the evening primrose family; mainly tropical in distribution CA 4-6 CO 4-6 A 8-12 G (4) • flowers 4, 5, or 6 merous with Cuphea - stamens double the number of cigar plant sepals and in two distinct sets Lythrum salicaria purple loosestrife • exhibits tristylous heterostyly Ecologically invasive • hypanthium well developed but in wetlands; from with superior pistil = perigynous Europe Trapa - water chestnut Lythrum alatum - winged loosestrife Geraniales: Geraniaceae Geraniaceae - geranium Poorly understood order of 6 families • fruit is a schizocarp = – now placed next to Myrtales dehiscing fruit into one- seeded mericarps Geranium maculatum- wild geranium CA 5 CO 5 A 10 G (5) Geranium family: 800 species of temperate • 5 merous flowers with a superior herbs pistil made up of 5 carpels each with Geranium maculatum- wild geranium a single ovule 9 Geraniaceae - geranium Vitales: Vitaceae - grapes Order with one family: sister to all other Rosids Erodium cicutarium - stork’s-bill The stork’s-bills of genus Erodium drill their mericarps into the ground Geranium robertianum Herb robert Vitis - grape Vitales: Vitaceae - grapes Vitaceae - grapes Small family (800 species) of vines in the tropics and temperate Vitis - grape • leaves simple or compound; areas - includes Vitis vinifera the wine grape venation and lobing usually strongly palmate • flowers small and clustered in more showy inflorescences • plants climb by • fruits: berries with several seeds tendrils = modified inflorescences, or by holdfasts Parthenocissus tricuspidata - Boston ivy Vitis - grape Parthenocissus - Boston ivy 10 Vitaceae - grape Vitaceae - grape Vitis riparia (+ V. vulpina) River, frost grape Vitis aestivalis Summer grape Parthenocissus quinquefolia - Virginia creeper, woodbine 11.

View Full Text

Details

  • File Type
    pdf
  • Upload Time
    -
  • Content Languages
    English
  • Upload User
    Anonymous/Not logged-in
  • File Pages
    11 Page
  • File Size
    -

Download

Channel Download Status
Express Download Enable

Copyright

We respect the copyrights and intellectual property rights of all users. All uploaded documents are either original works of the uploader or authorized works of the rightful owners.

  • Not to be reproduced or distributed without explicit permission.
  • Not used for commercial purposes outside of approved use cases.
  • Not used to infringe on the rights of the original creators.
  • If you believe any content infringes your copyright, please contact us immediately.

Support

For help with questions, suggestions, or problems, please contact us