Report DSO-10-01 Soil-Structure Interaction Scoping Phase 1 Dam Safety Technology Development Program U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation Technical Service Center Denver, Colorado December 2009 Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB No. 0704-0188 The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) December 2009 Final 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Soil-Structure Interaction—Scoping Phase 1 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER Steve Dominic, P.E., Bureau of Reclamation, Denver CO, 86-68180 Ming Liu, P.E., Bureau of Reclamation, Denver CO, 86-68110 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT Bureau of Reclamation, Technical Service Center, Denver Federal Center, NUMBER P.O. Box 25007, Denver CO 80225 DSO-10-01 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) Bureau of Reclamation, Dam Safety Office, Denver Federal Center, P.O. Box 25007, Denver CO 80225 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) DSO-10-01 12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Available from National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield VA 22161 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT This ongoing research will help answer the questions that continue to arise as Reclamation is faced with detailed analysis and modifications of spillways and other earth-retaining structures subjected to significant seismic loading. The objective of this research is a better analytical tool to predict the seismic lateral earth pressures for configurations that include groundwater, cohesion, nonhorizontal zone, and compaction/in-place density effects under various ground accelerations. This report represents the conclusion to the first phase (Scoping Phase 1) of this research project. The ultimate project purpose is to complete a full scale shake table test of a concrete cantilever retaining wall. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Reclamation, soil-structure interaction, dynamic, seismic, retaining walls, Mononobe-Okabe, Woods, shake table, model, earthquake, full scale test, numerical analysis, finite element analysis, NEES, LHPOST, concrete, spillways 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION 18. NUMBER 19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON OF ABSTRACT OF PAGES Steve Dominic, P.E. a. REPORT b. ABSTRACT a. THIS PAGE SAR 61 19b. TELEPHONE NUMBER (Include area code) UL UL UL 303-445-2379 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8/98) Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18 Soil-Structure Interaction Scoping Phase 1 Dam Safety Technology Development Program prepared by Steve Dominic, P.E. Ming Liu, P.E. U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation Technical Service Center Civil Engineering Services Division Materials Engineering and Research Laboratory Group Denver, Colorado December 2009 Mission Statements The mission of the Department of the Interior is to protect and provide access to our Nation’s natural and cultural heritage and honor our trust responsibilities to Indian Tribes and our commitments to island communities. The mission of the Bureau of Reclamation is to manage, develop, and protect water and related resources in an environmentally and economically sound manner in the interest of the American public. BUREAU OF RECLAMATION Technical Service Center Materials Engineering and Research Laboratory Group, 86-68180 Report DSO-10-01 Soil-Structure Interaction Scoping Phase 1 Dam Safety Technology Development Program Denver, Colorado Prepared: Steve Dominic, P.E. Civil Engineer, Materials Engineering and Research Laboratory Group 86-68180 Checked: Ming Liu, P.E. Civil Engineer, Structural Analysis Group 86-68110 Technical Approval: John Baals, P.E. Group Manager, Structural Analysis Group 86-68110 _____________ Peer Review: Larry Nuss, P.E. Date Structural Engineer, Structural Analysis Group 86-68110 REVISIONS Date Description Prepared Checked Technical Approval Peer Review iii iv Contents Page Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1 Problem and Background ........................................................................................ 3 Literature Search and Review ................................................................................. 6 Analytical Methods ........................................................................................... 8 Rigid-Plastic Methods ................................................................................. 9 Elastic Methods ......................................................................................... 13 Numerical Methods ................................................................................... 13 Physical Testing .............................................................................................. 16 Small Scale, 1g Shake Table Tests ........................................................... 16 Dynamic Small Scale Centrifuge Tests .................................................... 17 Medium to Large Scale Shake Table Tests ............................................... 19 Field Tests ................................................................................................. 20 Field Performance ........................................................................................... 21 Laboratory Facilities ............................................................................................. 24 Reclamation Shake Table ............................................................................... 25 Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulations ......................................... 25 University of California, San Diego—Camp Elliott Facilities ....................... 27 Proposed Physical Testing Model ......................................................................... 31 Model Configuration ....................................................................................... 31 Testing Scenarios ............................................................................................ 34 Instrumentation Requirements ........................................................................ 36 Special Considerations for Full Scale Testing ................................................ 38 Cost Estimate .................................................................................................. 39 Summary of Scoping Phase I Findings ................................................................. 41 Planning Phase 2 Recommendations .................................................................... 43 References ............................................................................................................. 44 Technical Papers ............................................................................................. 44 Criteria Documents ......................................................................................... 54 Commercial Software ..................................................................................... 55 Appendix A—Reference Library CD Appendix B—Appraisal-Level Design Appendix C—Appraisal-Level Cost Estimate v Tables No. page 1 Required wall movements for development of M-O pressures .................... 10 2 The 15 NEES facilities .................................................................................. 27 3 LHPOST shake table performance characteristics........................................ 29 4 Comparison summary of SSI literature search results .................................. 42 Figures No. page 1 Forces considered in Mononobe-Okabe analysis [7]. ................................... 11 2 Wood [99] rigid problem. ............................................................................. 14 3 Setup of Mononobe and Matsuo [60] experiments. ...................................... 17 4 Nakamura [61] centrifuge model, horizontal shaking direction (in mm). .... 19 5 Section through open channel floodway and typical mode of failure due to earthquake shaking [15]. ............................................................................... 22 6 Relationship between channel damage and peak accelerations [15]. ........... 22 7 Failed spillway wall at Shih-Kang Dam. ...................................................... 24 8 Location map of Camp Elliott, the home of LHPOST. ................................ 28 9 Project layout of Camp Elliott, the home of LHPOST. ................................ 29 10 Cut-away rendering of LHPOST. ................................................................. 30 11