Classical images – Mesopotamian Lyra Bull-headed lyre from Royal grave of Ur Decoration of soundbox c. 1600 BC London, The British Museum 1 Classical images – early bucrania Lyra Bucranium Eight-handled amphora with bucranium Egyptian (Dynasty 14-17) c. 1640-1550 BC Minoan Pseira amphora with 8 handles New York, Metropolitan Museum Heraklion Museum Crete, 1600-1500 BC Ac. 16.2.43 Heraklion Museum 2 Classical images – Greek (tortoise shell with bull’s horns - chelys) Lyra Red-figured on white ground kylix Red-figured pelike stamnos Red-figured cup Apollo and raven Death of Orpheus Herakles and Lino from Delphi, c. 550 BC by Hermonax from Nola, c. 460 Attic, by Douris, c. 480 Delphi, Arch. Museum (ac. 8140) Paris, Musée du Louvre Munich, Antiken Sammlungen (2646) credit: Wikimedia (Fingalo) Red-figured skyphos Red-figured white ground kylix Red-figured bell-krater Attic, by the Pistoxenos P., c. 470 Apollo and Calliope Apollo, Marsyas and the Muses Herakles and his Thracian nurse Attic, (attr Karlsruhe P), c. 440 BC Athenian, c. 4th C BC (Geropso) Boston MFA London, The British Museum Schwerin Museum (inv. 708) source: www.Theoi.com source: www.Theoi.com 3 Classical images – Greek (tortoise shell with bull’s horns - chelys) Lyra Red-figured lekanis Red-figured vase fragment Muse with barbiton Athenian, c. 4th C BC From Paestum, 4th C BC Athens, National Arch. Museum Paris, Musée du Louvre source: www.Theoi.com credit: Theoi.com Terracotta plague with chelys Etruscan, c. 470 BC Boston, MFA Lyre-playing musician From Thebes, 525-475 BC Paris, Musée du Louvre (CA 685) 4 Classical images – Greek (tortoise shell with bull’s horns - chelys) Lyra Black-fugure Red-figured bell-krater Musicians Apollo, Marsyas and the Muses Etruria, c. 560-50 BC Athenian, c. 5th C BC Paris, Musée du Louvre London, The British Museum credit: Hervé Lewandowski source: www.Theoi.com 5 Classical images – Greek (tortoise/turtle shells) Lyra AR stater with sea turtle AR stater (segmented shell) coin from Aegina, 550-530 BC coin from Aegina, 456-431 BC Cwww.coinweek source: Wildwinds.com Coin with turtle/shield AR stater with sea turtle AR stater (dots) coin from Aegina, mid-6th C coin from Aegina, 550-530 BC coin from Aegina, 480-457 BC Boston, Fogg Museum Source: Wikimedia (cngcoins.com) source: Wildwinds.com cf: Oxford History of the Classical World, 1986 6 Classical images – Greek (lap harp) Lyra Red-figured pelike with woman holding harp (psalterion) and Eros, youth with fawn S Apulia, attr. to the Tarrytown Group c. 320-310 BC. London, The British Museum (Gr 1836.2-24.142) 7 Classical images – Greek (cithara) Lyra Red-figure calyx-crater with madness of Red-figured pelike Red-figure calyx-Krater Lycurgus Apollo and Muse (Calliope?) Apulian (attr. Black Fury Painter) Apulia, c. 350-340 BC (attr Lycurgus painter) Attic (attr P of Munich 2335), c. 430 BC Paris, Musée du Louvre London, The British Museum (Gr 1849.6-23.48) Munich, Antikensammlungen (2362) credit: Wikimedia (Maris-Lan source:www.theoi.com Nguyen -2011) 8 Classical images – Greek (cithara) Lyra Red-figure calyx-Krater Red-figure volute krater Attic, from Vulci, c. 500 BC Lucanian, 415-400 BC Leto, Apollo and Artemis Los Angeles, Getty Museum London, The British Museum (E 256) (85.AE. 101 9 Classical images – Greek (cithara) Lyra Red-figured white-ground pyxis Red-figured white-ground cup Red-figured white-ground lekythos Muse Woman tuning two kitharai Muse on Mt Helikon Attic (Hesiod Painter), c. 460-50 BC From Eretria, c. 470-80 BC Attic (attr Achilles P), c. 445 BC Boston, Museum of Fine Arts (98.887) Paris, Musée du Louvre (CA 482) Munich, Antikensammlungen (S 80) source:www.theoi.com source:www.theoi.com 10 Classical images – Greek (cithara) Lyra Black-figure amphora Red-figure hydria Red-figured lekanis Apollo with female figures The Punishment of Thamyris Muse with lyre From Naples, c. 530-500 BC Attic, c. 430 BC From Paestum, 4th C BC Madrid, Museo Arqueológico Oxford, Ashmolean Museum (G. 291) Paris, Musée du Louvre (inv. 10923) credit: Theoi.com credit: Wikimedia (Doreieo) 11 Classical images – Greek (cithara) Lyra Red-figured lekythos Red-figured amphora Nike Nike or Muse Attic (attr Oionokles P), c. 470 BC Attic (attr Berlin P), c. 460 BC Austin, Jack S Blanton Museum Austin, Jack S Blanton Museum (1980.63) (1980.63) source:www.theoi.com source:www.theoi.com 12 Classical images – Greek (cithara) Lyra Apollo kitharoidos Apollo kitharoidos, Leto and Artemis Libation scene with Apollo and Nike flanking omphalos Tanagra figure, c. 400 BC Limestone relief from Selinus, mid-6th C BC Paris, Musée du Louvre (Ma 965) Athens, Kerameikos Arch. Palermo, Mus archeologico credit: ipernity.com Museum credit: Wikimedia (Giovanni dell’Orto) 13 Classical images – Greek (barbitos-type) Lyra Red-figured oinochoe with woman Red-figured lekythos playing barbitos lyre Poet reciting with a barbitos Attic, c. 490-480 BC Attic, c. 480-70 BC c. 320-310 BC. Boston, MFA (inv. 13.199) London, The British Museum (Gr 1960.354) 14 Classical images – Greek (barbitos-type ? ) Lyra Red-figure bell krater Red-figure column-krater Orpheus and the Thracians Orpheus and the Thracians Attic, c. 440 BC Attic (from Gela), c. 440 BC New York, Metropolitan Museum Berlin, inv. 3172 Credit: Marie-Lan Nguyen (2011) 15 Classical images – Roman Lyra Apollo Kitharoidos Erato Roman from Cyrene), 2nd C AD From Monte Calvo (IT), 2nd C AD London, British Museum Copenhagen, Ny Carlsberg Gl;yptothek credit: Wikimedia (Carol Radaato) 16 Classical images – Roman Lyra Apollo Musagetes (Barnerini) Apollo citharoedus Riman, 1-2nd C AD Roman copy of Greek original, Calliope Munich, Glyptothek (inv. 211) Vatican, Pio Clementino Mus (inv. 2274) Source: Wikimedia (Saiko) 17 Classical images – Roman Lyra Terpsichore Vatican Museums Detail of lyre held by Apollo Terpsichore Vatican Museums Roman (from Hadrian’s Villa, Roman copy of a Greek Temple of Venus ), c. 150 AD original, 2nd C AD Copenhagen, Ny Carlsberg Leningrad, hermitage Glyptothek State Museum Credit: Wikimedia (Carole source: www.theoi.com Raddato) 18 Classical images – Roman Lyra Apollo Musagetes/Kithariedos Apollo with Cithara Apollo with Cithara (with box tail-pieces) from Miletus, 2nd C AD Rome, Capitoline Museums Roman, 2nd C AD Istanbul, Archaeological Museum (inv. 2000T , cat Mendel Vatican Museum (Museo Pio- 114) Clementino) credit: Wikimedia Commons 19 Classical images – Roman Lyra Louvre Louvre Libya, Tripoli Museum 20 Classical images – Roman Lyra Tanagra figure with barbat Louvre Barbat 2nd C BC credit: Wikimedia (Galassi) Etruscan Tomb 21 Rome, Capitoline Museums Classical images – Roman Lyra Votive stele for Apollo Sarcophagus Cupid and Cithara, gilt bronze Lead statuette of a Muse Leonteios Romans, 210-220 AD mirror cover, 100-150 AD Roman, 2nd C AD from Suleymanie, 2nd-1st Los Angeles, Getty Museum Oxford, Ashmolan MuseumLos Los Angeles, Getty Museum C AD (83.AA.275.1) Angeles, Getty Museum (98.AI.85) Istanbul, Archaeological Museum (inv. 85.6.T) 22 Classical images – Roman Lyra Aureus with Augustus and Apollo holding Lyre Symbols of the Nine Muses 27BC-14 AD From Elis, 1st C BC credit: www.cngcoins Elis, Archaeological Museum source: www. Theoi.com 23 Classical images – Roman Lyra Chiron and Achilles British Museum 24 Naples, Museo Nazionale Classical images – Roman Lyra Infancy of Dionysus (with Mercury) from Casa dei Tirreni, Naples Naples, Museo nazionale 25 Classical images – Roman (Orpheus) Lyra Orpheus and lyre Orpheus and lyre Roman, floor mosaic Tarsus, 3rd C AD Palermo, Museo arch. regionale 26 Classical images – Roman Lyra Terpsichore floor mosaic from Vichten Roman, c. 3rd C AD Luxembourg, National Museum source: www. Theoi.com 27 Classical images – Late Roman Lyra Plaque – book cover Orpheus Erato and two poets Byzantine Ivory, Italian, 5th C AD Athens, Byzantine and Christian Museum Paris, Bibl. De l’Arsenale credt: Ricardo André Frantz (for Ms late. 1169) 28 Classical images – Late Roman (turtles/tortoises) Lyra Nimes Nimes Battle of the Turtle and the Rooster (light and darkness) floor mosaic, 4th C Aquileia Nimes 29 Classical images – Late Roman Lyra King David playing the lyre King David playing the lyre Apollo stele floor mosaic, from Gazasynagigue from the Paris Psalter, 900 AD Nancy, Musée Lorrain 6th- 8th C Paris, BnF (Ms gred. 139) Israel Museum (source: Pinterest) 30 Classical images – Late Roman Lyra Louvre 31 Classical globes Lyra Naples, Farnese Atlas Bentley’s Manilius © Petr Hadrava n.b. – tortoise shell, bull’s horns, 5 strings Paris, Kugel Globe Mainz globe (drawing © Kunzl) n.b. – similar, but distant from circles n.b. – similar 32 Germanicus mss Lyra I. = z stemma Leiden, Univbibl Boulogne-sur-Mer, Bibl. Mun. Bern, Burgerbibl, Voss lat 4° 79 Ms 188 Ms 88 n.b. – small pinecone-like shell, long same, but spiral in horns now same horns, base and crossbeam, multiple decorative strings with elaborate tuning keys missing from map missing from map vs. planisphere vs. planisphere 33 Germanicus mss Lyra II and III. = O stemma (O1 or ν ) II. III. missing from manuscript Basle, OBU Aberystwyth, NLW vs. planisphere Ms AN.IV . 18 Ms 735 C n.b. – U-shaped harp n.b. – features simplified vs. planisphere vs. schema vs. winter hemisphere n.b. – as a large ‘H’ U-shaped harp U-shaped harp 34 Germanicus mss Lyra IV. = O stemma (O2 or μ ) Va. = O stemma (O2 or μ = Siciliensis) Cologny, Bib Bodmer NY, Pierpont Morgan Libr Cod lat 7 Ms M 389 n.b. – simple U-shaped, no horns, same so sounding chamber Vb. Madrid, Bib nac Ms 19 (16) Vatican, BAV n.b. – U-shaped, twisted horns, multiple strings, lumpy bottom part Barb lat 76 same 35 Germanicus mss = ‘Siciliensis’ Lyra VI.