ISSN 0798 1015 HOME Revista ESPACIOS ! ÍNDICES / Index ! A LOS AUTORES / To the authors ! Vol. 39 (Nº31) Year 2018. Page 5 Industrial clusters development in the regional economic system Desarrollo de clústeres industriales en el sistema económico regional Vitaliy M. SMOLENTSEV 1; Sergey S. DEMIN 2; Larisa V. MEZENTSEVA 3; Inna L. LITVINENKO 4; Vitaly A. TUPCHIENKO 5 Received: 18/03/2018 • Approved: 21/04/2018 Contents 1. Introduction 2. Literature review 3. Materials and methods 4. Discussion 5. Conclusions ABSTRACT: RESUMEN: The advantage and novelty of the cluster approach are that it La ventaja y novedad del enfoque de clúster es que concede una attaches great importance to the microeconomic component. In gran importancia al componente microeconómico. Poe otra parte, addition, it offers effective tools for stimulating regional ofrece instrumentos efectivos para estimular el desarrollo regional, development, which manifests itself in increasing employment, que se manifiesta en el aumento del empleo, la competitividad de competitiveness of regional production systems, budget revenues, los sistemas de producción regional, los ingresos presupuestarios, etc. However, this economic practice trend is poorly understood in etc. Sin embargo, esta tendencia de la práctica económica es poco the post-Soviet space. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the conocida en el espacio postsoviético. El propósito de este estudio development of industrial clusters in the regional economic es evaluar el desarrollo de clústeres industriales en el sistema system. económico regional. Keywords: : industrial cluster, regional economy, management Palabras clave: clúster industrial, económico regional, sistema de system, construction algorithm gestión, algoritmo de construcción 1. Introduction The concept of cluster was introduced into economic theory by Michael Porter: “Cluster is a geographically concentrated group of interrelated companies, specialized suppliers, service providers, firms in relevant industries, and organizations related in certain areas, competing, but conducting joint work as well” (“Cluster policy in Europe…”, 2008). These enterprises form production chains focused on a specific product. The consolidation occurs, as a rule, around a large base enterprise. In other words, small and medium-sized enterprises are involved in the sphere of industrial production. Large companies with experience in this or that branch should let them in their business, but of course, on a competitive basis. Thus, the industrial cluster is an integrated structure that consists of interconnected, legally independent enterprises and supporting institutions of the main and related industries that have technological or other interrelations and are oriented towards a common market of resources or consumers united by an innovative program; they do not have control over the property of other members of the cluster, but control over their management remains (Delgado, Porter & Stern, 2014). There are different approaches to the classification of clusters, while a fairly wide range of characteristics is used, according to which enterprises are grouped into homogeneous groups (clusters). Most often clusters of enterprises are classified by such parameters as geographic location, availability of capital, the proximity of suppliers, state of competitiveness, access to specialized services, development of labor potential, availability of specialized educational institutions and research organizations, industry affiliation, etc. (Malmberg & Power, 2005). 2. Literature review The foundations of the theory of clusters are laid down in the works of A. Marshall, F. Perroux, M. Porter, D. Sollier and other researchers who studied the spatial aspect of economic activity and highlighted the phenomenon as “the accumulation of economic units”. A significant contribution to the development of cluster theory at the current stage, knowledge of the essence of clusters of economic nature, the formation of theoretical foundations for the functioning of cluster structures was introduced by such Russian scientists as I.E. Egorova, I.V. Pilipenko, R.H. Khasanov, M.A. Jagolnitzer. In the context of global competition, increasing competitiveness and integration into the global economy of the Russian Federation and Russian regions, clusters are considered by S.M. Gaimalova, N.I. Larina and others. The problems of creating cluster structures in the economic environment, the methodological support of this process are discussed in the works of V.P. Tretyak, G.A. Yashevoy. Methodological approaches to identification of clusters are developed by Т.V. Mirolubova, V.O. Moseyko, V.V. Fesenko, and others. Individual clusters of economic nature are studied as a spatial phenomenon (N.V. Beketov, C.B. Raevsky, etc.), territorial-branch (A.B. Voronov, R.K. Gazimagomedov, Yu.V. Trifonov, etc.). These approaches are developed in the framework of the study of clusters as tools to stimulate the development of regions (S.V. Sinitsky, A.I. Tatarkin, D.A. Yalov, etc.) and industries (M.G. Akhmadeev, R.G. Bagautdinov, et al.). A significant number of scientific papers are aimed at researching innovative clusters in the industry as the most pressing topic in cluster problems. The works of such authors as A.A. Alekseev, S.D. Bodrunov, E.A. Monastyrny, S.G. Polyakov, D.B. Rygalin, V.I. Spivak, A.B. Titov, M.V. Shinkevich and others. An important part of developing a cluster problem is research into approaches to state regulation (support) for the formation and development of clusters within the framework of regional industrial policy. Special issues of this direction are paid attention to by such scientists as P.A. Arkin, Ya.N. Dranev, E.M. Rogova, E.A. Tkachenko, et al. Clusters as a form of self-organization and co-operation of economic entities are investigated in the works of I.V. Begun, Т.V. Tolstikova, M.A. Yagolnitzer, and others. Among the foreign scientists who are most active in researching clusters in the economy, there are such authors as R. Baptista, M. Enright, E. Feser, A. Isaksen, S. Karlsson, S. Ketels, S. Klepper, R. Florida, M. Porter, E. Reinert, D. Robinson, S. Rosenfeld and others. At the same time, the problems of the development of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the organization, functioning, and development of cluster structures in the modern economy in general and in the industrial sphere, in particular, have been insufficiently studied in the works of these scientists. The openness of the problems, insufficient investigation of industrial clusters as an organizational and economic phenomenon and the integrational form of interaction between economic entities, peculiarities of their functioning and development, opportunities, forms and methods of management – all this predetermined the purpose, objectives, object, and subject of this study. 3. Materials and methods The theoretical and methodological basis of the research was the studies of modern domestic and foreign scientists and economists on the problems of formation and development of cluster structures in industry, federal and regional regulations, scientific and methodical literature, official statistics, articles in specialized journals and scientific publications, materials of international, all-Russian and regional conferences, Internet materials, departmental documents. As a methodological basis, a dialectical method was used, involving the study of phenomena under conditions of dynamic development, the interrelationship of individual elements of the system, and the identification of the leading segments of industrial clusters as complex socio-economic systems. To solve the problems: system, economic-statistical forecasting, and cognitive modeling methods were used. 4. Discussion 4.1. Technologies of Clusters Formation in the Region Studying and analyzing theoretical and methodological approaches, foreign and domestic experience, it has been possible to determine the technology for the formation of industrial clusters in the region, which involves three main stages (Figure 1). The first stage is preparatory, which determines the clustering potential and develops a program for implementing cluster projects. The task of the second stage is the activation of industrial clusterization in the region, the connection of possible participants to these processes. In order for the clustering process to start, the initiative of the power structures of the region is required. The actions of the authorities should first of all be aimed at forming a coordinating center with the aim of planning and implementing cluster industrial projects, lobbying the interests of their participants, resolving internal conflicts, coordinating activities, and promoting development. The cluster presupposes interaction of various structures and organizations, therefore all persons interested in its creation and development: representatives of local authorities, various associations, and unions of entrepreneurs, large companies and educational institutions of the region can become members of the coordinating council (Pourdenko, 2007). Figure 1 Algorithm for the creation of an industrial cluster in the region Source: Prepared by the authors. Having created the coordination council, it is necessary to determine: the goals and objectives of the cluster; the composition of its main participants; producers, suppliers, consumers, interrelated among themselves in the process of creating and exporting products; the necessary engineering and