UNIT 1: UNIVERSE AND SOLAR SYSTEM 1. What name is given to all of the energy, space and matter that exist? Universe. 2. Which science studies the origin and evolution of the universe? Astronomy. 3. Who proposed the geocentric model and when? Ptolemy in the Second Century A.D. 4. In which astronomical model are the planets rotating around the Earth? In the geocentric model. 5. Who proposed the heliocentric model and when? Copernicus in the Sixteenth Century A.D. 6. In which astronomical model are the planets rotating around the sun? In the heliocentric model. 7. Who was the Italian astronomer that supported the heliocentric model? Galileo Galilei. 8. Which invention helped to demonstrate the heliocentric model? The telescope. 9. According to which theory did the universe begin because of a big explosion? The Big Bang Theory. 10. What are the two units of measure for the universe? The astronomic unit and light years. 11. What is one astronomic unit? The distance from the Earth to the sun: 150 million kilometers. 12. What do you call the distance that light takes travelling during one year? One light year. 13. What is the velocity of light? 300,000 km/s. 14. What can we use to observe the universe? Astronomic observatories, telescopes, artificial satellites, space stations and robot vehicles. 15. What is the name given to an enormous group of stars? Galaxy. 16. What is it called when various bodies orbit around a star? Planetary System. 17. What is the shape of our galaxy? Spiral. 18. What do you call the accumulation of galaxies where the Milky Way is located? Local Group. 19. What are the parts of the Milky Way? Central Nucleus, spiral arms and halo. 20. What are the spherical celestial bodies formed by gases that emit their own light? The stars. 21. What process takes place inside stars? Nuclear fusion reaction. 22. What are the colors of stars from the highest surface temperature to the lowest? Blue, yellow and red. 23. What are the names of the stars according to their size? Giant, medium and dwarf. 24. What does the brightness of stars depend on? On the distance, on its size and on the energy it emits. 25. When does a star die? When it has no more fuel. 26. What is the name of the attraction force between the bodies? Gravitational Force. 27. Which characteristic does Pluto have to be a planet? It is spherical. 28. Which characteristic does Pluto need in order to be a planet? To clear its orbit. 29. What is the name of the movement of a planet around its axis? Rotation. 30. What is the name of the planet system where our planet is? Solar System. 31. Which are the interior planets? Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. 32. Which are the exterior planets? Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. 33. Which planets in the Solar System don’t have satellites? Mercury and Venus. 34. What is the name of the comet that sometimes passes the Earth? Halley’s comet. 35. What is the shape of the planets orbit? Elliptical. 36. Name the planets in the Solar System from closest to furthest: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. UNIT 2: THE EARTH IN THE UNIVERSE 1. What is the name for the imaginary lines that go around the Earth horizontally? Parallels. 2. What is the name for the imaginary lines that go around the Earth vertically? Meridians. 3. Which parallel is the most important? The Equator. 4. Which meridian is the most important? The Zero Meridian or the Meridian of Greenwich. 5. What is the name of the angle that separates one point of the Earth from the Equator? Latitude. 6. What is the name of the angle that separates one point of the Earth from the Zero Meridian? Longitude. 7. What is the sense of the rotation and revolution of the Earth? Anticlockwise. 8. During the Earth’s revolution, what is the name of the point that is closest to the Sun? Perihelion 9. During the Earth’s revolution, what is the name of the point that is furthest from the Sun? Aphelion. 10. When does the spring boreal equinox occur? March 21st. 11. When does the summer boreal solstice occur? June 21st. 12. When does the autumn boreal equinox occur? September 22nd. 13. When does the winter boreal solstice occur? December 22nd. 14. What do we call it when both hemispheres have equal sunlight? Equinoxes. 15. What do we call the days when the day or night is longer? Solstices. 16. What is the name of the zone between the two meridians? Time zone. 17. What is our time zone with respect to the Greenwich meridian? One hour more. 18. What is the system of measure for time in days, months and years? A calendar. 19. Which are the most important calendars? Julius and Gregorian. 20. For what reason is the moon bright? Because of the reflection of the sunlight. 21. The moon has no atmosphere, what are the effects due to this? The meteorites do not disintegrate, there is not noise, the temperatures are extreme and there is not erosion. 22. What are the names of the biggest plains on the moon? Seas. 23. Why is there a hidden side of the moon? Because the moon lasts the same in its revolution and rotation. 24. What is the name of the different forms of the moon? Phases of the moon. 25. What is the name of the phase of the moon where you can’t see the moon? New Moon. 26. What are the names of the phases of the moon where you can see part of it? First quarter and last quarter. 27. What is the name of the phase of the moon where you can see the moon completely? Full Moon. 28. What is the name given when one celestial body is hidden by another? Eclipse. 29. What do we call the sea levels when they rise and go down? Tides. 30. What are two types of tides? High tide and low tide. 31. What is the name of the layer of the Earth with the materials with the most density? Core. 32. What are the names of the two layers on top of the core? Mantle and crust. 33. What are the layers of the Earth´s geosphere? Core, mantle and crust. 34. What are the names of the layers of the Earth with least density materials? Hydrosphere and atmosphere. 35. What is the name of the layer of the Earth where the living things are? Biosphere. 36. What do we call the natural things we take from the Earth to use in our activities? Natural resources. 37. What are the two types of natural resources? Renewable and non-renewable. 38. What is the name given to the use of resources in a responsible way? Sustainable development. UNIT 3: PLANET FULL OF LIFE 1. What are the living beings characteristics? Three vital functions, similar components and cells formed. 2. What are the three vital functions? Nutrition, relationships and reproduction. 3. What are two types of nutrition? Autotrophic and heterotrophic. 4. What nutrition occurs in plants? Autotrophic. 5. What nutrition occurs in animals? Heterotrophic. 6. What are two types of reproduction? Sexual and asexual. 7. What is the smallest unit of a living thing that performs the three vital functions? The cell. 8. What do all the cells have in common? Plasmatic membrane, cytoplasm and genetic material (DNA). 9. What is the name of the outermost material of cells? Plasmatic membrane. 10. What is the name of the liquid around the cells organelles? Cytoplasm. 11. What are the two types of cells? Prokaryotic and eukaryotic. 12. What surrounds the plasmatic membrane in prokaryotic cells? Cell Wall. 13. Where is the DNA in Eukaryotic cells? In the nucleus. 14. What organelle stores substances in the Eukaryotic cells? Vacuoles. 15. What organelle produces energy in Eukaryotic cells? Mitochondria. 16. What two special organelles do plant cells have? Cell wall and chloroplasts. 17. Cells with the same function are grouped as… tissues. 18. Various tissues form… organs. 19. The organs are grouped in… systems. 20. What level do bacteria belong to? Level 1: Unicellular organisms. 21. What level do sponges and mushrooms belong to? Level 2: Multicellular organisms without tissues. 22. What level do jellyfish and moss belong to? Level 3: Multicellular organisms with tissues but without organelles. 23. What level do plants belong to? Level 4: Multicellular organisms with organelles without systems. 24. What level do vertebrates belong to? Level 5: Multicellular organisms with systems. 25. What are the taxonomies from largest to smallest? Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus and Species. 26. What is the latest taxonomy? Kingdom. 27. What is the smallest taxonomy? Species. 28. What are the two taxonomies that are used in the scientific name of living things? Genus and species. UNIT 4: MONERA, PROTOCTISTS FUNGI AND PLANTS 1. Are the organisms of the monera kingdom unicellular or multicellular?: Unicellular. 2. What is the type of cells in the monera kingdom? Procariotic. 3. What is the type of reproduction in the monera kingdom? Asexual. 4. How do you call the spherical bacteria? Coccus. 5. What is the type of nutrition in bacteria? Heterotrophic. 6. What do we use to fight the effects of harmful bacteria? Antibiotics. 7. What are the most known organism in the monera kingdom? Bacteria. 8. What do we use bacteria to make for? Cheese, yogurt and vinegar. 9. What are the three types of bacteria according to their nutrition? Saprophytes, symbiotics, and parasites.