ONE LINER NOTES - WBCS CHEMISTRY – COMPLETE ONE LINER NOTES FOR WBCS BY SOMNATH Chemistry * Father of Chemistry Ans : Robert Boyle * The author of the book 'Sceptical Chymist' is Ans : Robert Boyle * Father of Modern Chemistry Ans : Antoine Lavoisier * Father of Indian Chemistry Ans : P.C.Roy * Father of Organic Chemistry Ans : Friedrich Wohler * Ancient Chemistry is known as Ans : Alchemy * Ancient Chemists were known as Ans : Alchemists * The scientist known as the father of Sodapop Ans : Joseph Priestly * International year of chemistry Ans : 2011 *New methods used in chemistry which aim to reduce pollution are called Ans : Green Chemistry *The term Green Chemistry was coined by Ans : Paul.T.Anastas 1 BY SOMNATH ONE LINER NOTES - WBCS. ■STATES OF MATTER There are seven stable physical states 1) Solid 2) Liquid 3) Gas 4) Plasma 5) Bose- Einstein condensate (Super atom) 6) Fermionic condensate 7) Super Fluidity ■DUAL NATURE OF MATTER * The concept dual nature of Matter was put forward by Ans : Louis de-Broglie * The construction of electron microscope was based on Ans : Dual Nature of Matter * The dual nature of electrons was Ans : I.H.Germer ATOM *Basic unit of Chemistry Ans : Atom *Smallest units of a matter Ans : Atom *Atom was derived from a greek word Ans : 'Atomos' (means indivisible) *Atom was discovered by Ans : John Dalton Page 2 BY SOMNATH ONE LINER NOTES - WBCS. *Law of Multiple Proportion was put forward by Ans : John Dalton *The term 'atom' was coined by Ans : Ostwald *The fundamental particles of an atom Ans : Proton, Electron and Neutron *The central part of an atom Ans : Nucleus *The sub atomic particles of Nucleus Ans : Protons and Neutrons *Heaviest sub atomic particle Ans : Neutron *Lightest sub atomic particle Ans : Electron *Moving particle of an atom Ans : Electron *The charge of an electron is Ans : Negative *Protons and Neutrons are collectively known as Ans : Nucleons *Chemical property of a substance is determined by Ans : Electrons *The smallest atom Ans : Helium (He) *The simplest atom Ans : Hydrogen (H) *Biggest known atom Ans : Francium (Fr) *The unit of measuring mass of an atom Ans : Atomic Mass Unit (amu) *1 atomic mass unit is equal to Ans : 1.6605 xlO’27 Kg *The element used to find amu Page 3 BY SOMNATH ONE LINER NOTES - WBCS. Ans : Carbon-12 ELECTRONS *Electron is discovered by Ans : JJ.Thomson *The name Electron was proposed by Ans : Stoney *Charge of an electron Ans : 1.6 x 10-19C (determined by Millikan) *Mass of electron Ans : 9.1 x 10_31kg *Dual nature of electron Ans : Louis-de-broglie PROTON *Proton was discovered by Ans : Ernest Rutherford *The identity card of an element Ans : Proton *The mass of a proton is Ans : 1.672 x 10^-27 kg *The theory of Proton was presented by Ans : William Prout NEUTRON *Neutron was discovered by Ans : James Chadwick in 1932 Page 4 BY SOMNATH ONE LINER NOTES - WBCS. *The heaviest fundamental particle of an atom Ans : Neutron *The least stable particle Ans : Neutron *Neutrons are bound very tightly *Chargeless particle of an atom Ans : Neutron *The atom without neutron Ans : Protium (Isotope of Hydrogen) *Atomic number - It is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom *Atomic number is denoted by the alphabet Ans : Z *Mass number - The total number of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of an atom *Mass number is denoted by Ans : A *Anti particle of the neutron with the same mass of neutron Ans : Anti neutron *Anti particle of the proton with the same mass of proton Ans : Anti proton *Nuclear particle with the mass of an electron but opposite charge Ans : Positron *Atomic Theory Ans : John Dalton *Uncertainty Principle Ans : Werner Heisenberg *Structure of Atom Ans : Niels Bohr *Plum Pudding Model Ans : J.J. Thomson *Wave Mechanics Model Page 5 BY SOMNATH ONE LINER NOTES - WBCS. Ans : Max Planck *Electron (-ve charge) Ans : J.J. Thomson *Proton (ve charge) Ans : Ernest Rutherford *Neutron (No charge) Ans : James Chadwick *Nucleus (ve charge) Ans : Ernest Rutherford *Positron (ve charge) Ans : Carl Anderson *Antineutron (No charge) Ans : Bruce Cork *The combining capacity of one atom to another Ans : Valency *Atom is bigger than its nucleus Ans : 10^5 times *Electrons move in a circular path called Ans : Orbit *The maximum number of elements in an orbit is Ans : 2 *The orbit followed by a moving electrons around the nucleus of an atom Ans : Shell *The maximum number of electrons in a shell Ans : 2n2 (n = Number of shell) MOLECULE *Smallest particle of a substance having all its properties Ans : Molecule *The term molecule was coined by Page 6 BY SOMNATH ONE LINER NOTES - WBCS. Ans : Avogadro *The number of molecules obtained in 1 mole of gas is called Ans : Avogadro Number *Avagadro Number Ans : 6.023 xl023/mol *International mole day Ans : October 23 *The bricks of Universe Ans : Molecules *The SI Unit of the amount of substance Ans : Mole *A molecule made up of only one kind of atom is called Ans : Monoatomic molecule *A molecule made up of two kinds of atom is called Ans : Diatomic molecule ELEMENTS *Substance which is composed of similar kind of atoms is called Ans : Elements *The scientist who proved that the elements are made up of atoms Ans : John Dalton *The term 'elements' was coined by Ans : Robert Boyle *The first scientist who gave a definition to element is Ans : Robert Boyle *The scientist who gave symbols for elements on the basis of their names Ans : JohnJ.Berzelius *The scientist who classified elements into Metals and Non- Page 7 BY SOMNATH ONE LINER NOTES - WBCS. metals Ans : Lavoisier *Elements are classified into Ans : Metals, non-metals and metalloids *Metals: Elements that conduct electricity and heat which tends to lose electrons *Non-Metals : Elements that do not conduct electricity and heat which tends to accept electrons. *Metalloids: Elements showing properties of both metals and non-metals *The international association which gives names of elements Ans : International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) *The headquarters of IUPAC Ans : Zurich (Switzerland) *The most abundant element in the universe Ans : Hydrogen *The second most abundant element in the universe Ans : Helium *The only radio active element in liquid form Ans : Francium *The only radio active element in gaseous form Ans : Radon *The most electro positive stable element Ans : Cesium COMPOUND *The combination of two or more elements is called Ans : Compounds *The separation of a compound into its elements by chemical means is called Page 8 BY SOMNATH ONE LINER NOTES - WBCS. Ans : Analysis *The formation of a compound by the union of elements is called Ans : Synthesis Examples: Water, Steam, Salt etc. *The recently discovered chemical compound for the treatment of cancer Ans : Cisplatin *The element which forms largest number of compounds Ans : Carbon *The second element which forms largest number of compounds Ans : Hydrogen COMPOUNDS AND ITS USES *Silver Iodide Ans : For artificial rain *Formaldehyde Ans : Preservation of dead bodies *Sodium citrate Ans : Anti coagulant in blood bank *Sodium Benzoate Ans : For preservation of grains and food *Silver Bromide Ans : Manufacturing of photo films *Freon Ans : Used in refrigerator as coolant *Sodium Peroxide Ans : Air purifier in submarines *Carbon dioxide Ans : Used in Fire extinguisher Page 9 BY SOMNATH ONE LINER NOTES - WBCS. MIXTURES *Two or more substances (elements or compounds or both) that do not combine chemically during the mixing Ans : Mixtures *The two kinds of mixtures are : Ans : Heterogeneous mixture and Homogeneous mixture *Heterogeneous mixture Ans : Having more than one phase Eg: Concrete, Wood *Homogeneous mixture Ans : Having same proportions of its compounds through out a given sample. Two or more components are so evenly distributed in Homogeneous mixture Eg: Quartz, Glass, Air COLLOID AND EMULSION *A mixture of two faces of the matter is called Ans : Colloid Eg : Emulsion, Aerosols, Fog, Milk *A colloidal solution formed between two liquids is called Ans : Emulsion *A colloid formed between gas particles and liquid or solid particles Ans : Foam *Colloid which contains particles of liquid or solid dispersed in gas Ans : Aerosol Page 10 BY SOMNATH ONE LINER NOTES - WBCS. ISOTOPES *Atoms of the same element having same atomic number and different mass number are known as Ans : Isotopes *Isotope was discovered by Ans : Frederick Soddy ISOTOPE AND ITS USAGE *Carbon 14 Ans : Used to determine the age of fossils *Cobalt 60 Ans : Used for the treatment of cancer *Phosphorous 32 Ans : Used for the treatment of skin cancer *Oxygen 15, Iodine - 131 Ans : Used as medicine *Isotopes differ in the number of Ans : Neutrons *The isotopes of hydrogen are Ans : Protium, Deuterium, Tritium ISOBARS *Elements having same mass number and different atomic number are known as Ans : Isobars Eg : Calcium - 40 (20 Ca^40), Argon - 40 (18Ar^40) *The term Isobars was suggested by Page 11 BY SOMNATH ONE LINER NOTES - WBCS. Ans : Alfred Walter Stewart ISOTONES *Atoms of elements- having same number of neutrons are called Ans : Isotones eg : Helium (2He^4) and Tritium (1H^3) (both contain 2 neutrons) *The term Isotones was formed by Ans : K.Guggenheimer ISOMERS *Compounds with same molecular formula but different structures are known as Ans : Isomers Eg: Glucose (C^6H^12O^6),Fructose (C^6H^12O^6) ALLOTROPES *Different forms of the same element with different physical appearances are known as Ans : Allotropes Eg: Diamond, Graphite and Charcoal are the allotropes of Carbon *The allotrope of Oxygen Ans