Products and Data 4th edition Table of Contents I 1 4th edition Issued by: EUROGLAS © Copyright 2016 by EUROGLAS, Haldensleben Graphic editing: TEAM ABSATZFÖRDERUNG GmbH, Filderstadt Applicable to print and electronic media, in whole and in part. Not to be published without express consent (also applies to foreign languages). The technical data listed conforms to the current values at the time of going to print and can alter without prior notice. Unless otherwise indicated, these data are based on calculations founded on measurements conducted on standard structures. The light-related/energy-related data and the U values are based on EN standards and EN 673 respectively. Warranted quality cannot be derived from these data for individual finished products. The statutory provisions must be observed for all types of use. No further guarantee for technical values shall be accepted, in particular if tests are performed in other installation situations. Legal claims cannot be derived from the content of this book. Preface As your partner, we would like to support you in your capacity as planner, processor and architect in your day-to-day operations. This book describes the values and properties of our brand families and their products. It also includes recommendations on how to use the products correctly. You will be provided with insights into the production methods and into physical correlations. References are made for this purpose to the special features of glass as a building material. We don't stand still; our products are subject to a continuous improvement process, and innovative glass types are being added. The contents of this book are therefore revised on a periodic basis. It's amazing how versatile glass is as a building material. EUROGLAS as the producer of basic glass is the first link in the chain. Optimum applications planning requires technical expertise. EUROGLAS Group Table of Contents 1. The EUROGLAS Group 1.1. 2. Glass as a Building Material 2.2. 3. Glass Characteristics and Basic Physical Concepts 3.3. 4. Products 4.4. 5. Logistics 5.5. 6. Application and Handling 6.6. 7. Standards, Technical Regulations 7.7. 1. The EUROGLAS Group 13 2. Glass as a Building Material 15 2.1. Historical development 15 2.2. Manufacture of float glass 18 2.3. Basic glass 19 2.3.1. Float glass 19 2.3.2. Window glass 20 2.3.3. Ornamental and cast glass 20 2.3.4. Wired ornamental glass, wired glass and polished wired glass 21 2.3.5. Borosilicate glass 21 2.3.6. Glass-ceramics 21 2.3.7. Radiation shielding glass 21 2.3.8. Polished plate glass 22 2.3.8. Lead crystal 22 2.3.10. Quartz glass 22 2.3.11. Available thicknesses of different glass 22 2.4. General comments on building with glass 22 2.4.1. Safety glass must be planned and specified 23 2.4.2. Even the thickest glass can break 23 2.4.3. Glass should be replaceable with reasonable effort and expense 23 3. Glass Characteristics and Basic Physical Concepts 25 3.1. Glass and solar radiation 25 3.2. The greenhouse effect 25 3.3. Operation in terms of radiation physics 26 3.4. Glass characteristics 28 3.4.1 Light transmission/light transmittance (LT) 28 3.4.2. Light absorption/light absorptance (LA) 28 3.4.3. Light reflection/light reflectance (LR) 28 3.4.4. Radiation transmission/radiation transmittance (RT) 28 3.4.5. Radiation absorption/radiation absorptance (RA) 28 3.4.6. Radiation reflection/radiation reflectance (RR) 28 3.4.7. Total energy transmission/total energy transmittance (g value) 29 3.4.8. Shading coefficient 29 3.4.9. Selectivity characteristic 30 3.4.10. General colour rendering index (Ra) 30 3.4.11. UV transmission 30 3.5 The U value 30 6 I Table of Contents 4. Products 33 4.1. EUROFLOAT – Uncoated basic glass 33 4.1.1. Manufacture of float glass 33 4.1.2. Product range 37 4.1.3. Physical and chemical properties of flat glass 40 4.1.3.1. Definition and composition 40 4.1.3.2. Mechanical properties 42 4.1.3.3. Thermal properties 44 4.1.3.4. Chemical properties 46 4.1.3.5. Radiation-physical properties 47 4.1.3.6. Further properties 50 4.1.3.7. Summary of the most important technical characteristics of float glass 51 4.1.4. Available range and packing 52 4.2. SILVERSTAR – Coated glass 55 4.2.1. SILVERSTAR thermal insulation coatings 60 4.2.1.1 Use as thermal insulation glass 61 4.2.1.2. Combination possibilities 62 4.2.1.3. Available range 62 4.2.2. SILVERSTAR solar control layers 63 4.2.2.1. Function of solar control insulation glass 64 4.2.2.2. Application of solar control insulation glass 67 4.2.2.3. Available range 69 4.2.3. SILVERSTAR COMBI coatings 70 4.2.3.1. Application of COMBI coating 71 4.2.4. Combination possibilities 74 4.2.5. Insulation glazing 75 4.2.5.1. Principles, energy gain, comfort in the home 75 4.2.5.2. Insulating glass edge seal system 80 4.2.5.3. Thermal insulation 86 4.2.6. Balustrade panels 92 4.2.7. Special coatings 96 Table of Contents I 7 4.3. Laminated safety glass 99 4.3.1. EUROLAMEX LSG laminated safety glass 99 4.3.2. Protection and safety with glass 104 4.3.2.1. Passive and active safety 104 4.3.2.2. Glass with safety properties 106 4.3.2.3. Passive safety in practice 107 4.3.2.3.1. Balustrade glazing 107 4.3.2.3.2. Sloping, roof and overhead glazing 108 4.3.2.3.3. Glass floors 110 4.3.2.3.4. Glazing in sports facilities 111 4.3.2.3.5. Structural use of glass 111 4.3.2.3.6. Passive safety – application recommendations 112 4.3.2.4. Active safety in practice 114 4.3.2.5. Safety properties of glass 115 4.3.3. EUROLAMEX PHON – Sound-insulating glass 116 4.3.4. Packing 118 4.3.5. Sound control 121 4.3.5.1. Noise sources and perception 123 4.3.5.2. Measurement curves and their meaning 124 4.3.5.2.1. Test procedure 124 4.3.5.2.2. Sound reduction curve and weighted sound reduction index 125 4.3.5.2.3. Spectrum adjustment values C and Ctr 125 4.3.5.3. Applicable standards and regulations 125 4.3.5.3.1. The Federal Noise Control Ordinance 126 4.3.5.3.2. DIN 4109 127 4.3.5.4. Definitions pertaining to sound control 127 4.3.5.5. Function and structure of sound reduction insulating glass 130 4.3.5.6. Features of sound reduction insulating glass 131 4.3.5.6.1. Laminated safety glass with sound-insulating film (LSG P) 131 4.3.5.7. Insulating glass – window – facade interrelations 133 4.3.5.8. Sound control combined with other functions 134 4.3.5.8.1. Sound control and thermal insulation 134 4.3.5.8.2. Sound control and safety 134 4.3.5.8.3. Sound control and solar control 135 4.3.5.8.4. Sound control and muntins 135 4.3.5.9. Overview of sound insulation glass 135 8 I Table of Contents 4.4. LUXAR anti-reflective glass (HY-TECH-GLASS) 137 4.4.1. LUXAR anti-reflective glass as single glazing 139 4.4.2. LUXAR anti-reflective glass as insulating glass 139 4.4.3. LUXAR CLASSIC anti-reflective glass 140 4.5. Fire protection glass 143 4.5.1. FIRESWISS FOAM fire protection glass – classification EI 144 4.5.2. FIRESWISS COOL fire protection glass – classification EW 148 4.6. Solar and toughened safety glass 151 4.6.1. Areas of application for EUROGLAS ESG Flat 151 4.6.2. Manufacture and processing 152 5. Logistics 157 5.1. Transport modes 157 5.2. Packaging 158 Table of Contents I 9 6. Application and Handling 161 6.1. Glass cleaning 161 6.2. Glass fracture 161 6.2.1. Glass fracture due to thermal shock 162 6.2.2. Spontaneous failure of TSG 163 6.2.3. Scratches on and fracture of insulating glass 163 6.2.4. Glass fracture on sliding doors and windows 164 6.2.5. Assessment of glass fractures 164 6.2.5.1. Glass fractures due to direct impact, shock, thrown objects or bullets 165 6.2.5.2. Glass fractures due to bending stress, pressure, suction, tension and load 165 6.2.5.3. Glass fractures due to local heating or formation of deep shadows 166 6.3. Optical phenomena 167 6.3.1. Natural colour 167 6.3.2. Colour differences of coatings 167 6.3.3. Visible area of the insulating glass edge seal 167 6.3.4. Insulating glass with internal muntins 168 6.3.5. Interference phenomena (Brewster fringes, Newton rings) 168 6.3.6. Insulating glass effect (double-pane effect) 169 6.3.7. Anisotropies (irisation) 169 6.3.8. Formation of condensation 170 6.3.8.1. Condensation on external surfaces of panes (formation of dew water) 170 6.3.8.2. Condensation on the room side 170 6.3.8.3. Dew point determination 170 6.3.9. Preventing disruptive reflections 172 10 I Table of Contents 6.4. Product-specific application directions 173 6.4.1. Handling/processing guidelines for thermal insulation glass of the SILVERSTAR product family 177 6.4.1.1.