FT8 Operating Guide Work the world on HF using the new digital mode by Gary Hinson ZL2iFB Version 1.19 April 2018 Note: this document is actively maintained. The latest version is at www.g4ifb.com/FT8_Hinson_tips_for_HF_DXers.pdf The FT8 Operating Guide is now also available in German and Czech. FT8 Operating Guide FT8 Operating Guide By Gary Hinson ZL2iFB Version 1.19 April 2018 1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 2 2 Start here .................................................................................................................................. 3 3 Important: accurate timing ........................................................................................................ 4 4 Important: transmit levels ......................................................................................................... 6 5 Important: receive levels ........................................................................................................... 9 6 Other WSJT-X settings .............................................................................................................. 12 7 How to respond to a CQ ........................................................................................................... 13 8 How to call CQ ......................................................................................................................... 15 9 General/miscellaneous FT8 operating tips ................................................................................ 18 10 Special callsigns ....................................................................................................................... 31 11 DXpeditioning with FT8 ............................................................................................................ 34 12 Flaws, bugs and improvement suggestions ............................................................................... 37 13 Close and acknowledgements .................................................................................................. 40 Appendix A: About FT8 ................................................................................................................... 41 Appendix B: FT8 - lifting the covers ................................................................................................. 42 Appendix C: FT8 logging and lookups .............................................................................................. 43 Appendix D: The pros and cons of FT8 ............................................................................................. 44 Appendix E: Simplex versus split FT8 use-cases ............................................................................... 45 Appendix F: Auto-QSY function ....................................................................................................... 55 Recent changes to this document – just the stuff Version Date Changes 1.19 7 Apr 2018 Tip on halting transmissions, and one on working split (tnx Gary AG0N). 1.18 20 Mar 2018 Minor amendments including the release of WSJT-X v1.9.0-rc3 Added notes from the on-air fox-n-hounds test. Mentioned an FT8 QSO with 1.17 7 Mar 2018 a buoy. Added a note re compound-call hounds. New tips on working fast/slow 1.16 6 Mar 2018 stations and suppressing RF in the shack. German and Czech translations available (tnx Ekkehard DJ5EJ and Zdenek OK2PAD). Added an example of a QSO hijack. Expanded on flaws, bugs and 1.15 3 Mar 2018 enhancement suggestions. New tip on resetting the 73 message (tnx Jim ZL1LC). WSJT-X v1.9.0-rc2 released: more on fox-n-hounds. Added more QSO examples. Fixed yet another blasted typo! New tips on setting Rx frequency 1.14 28 Feb 2018 and bagging someone directing CQs at someone else. Generate std msgs needs a DX callsign. Copyright © 2018 ZL2iFB P a g e | 1 FT8 Operating Guide 1 Introduction 1.1 I have been steadily compiling these “Hinson tips” over the Some of these tips (such as split past few months, in the course of making thousands of FT8 operating, tail-ending and using QSOs on the HF bands and teaching myself how to drive the low power) are contentious and software. not universally adopted by FT8 Some tips were inspired by suggestions from other FT8 users users – and that’s fine. To an and by the WSJT-X developers. Many address Frequently extent, we are figuring this stuff Asked Questions on the WSJT-X reflector which I recommend out for ourselves as we go joining. All of them draw on my 30 years of HF DXing. along, which for me is all part of the fun. These tips work for That said, these are just tips, pragmatic suggestions aimed at me. Your situation and making FT8 easier and more effective to use on the HF bands. preferences may differ. By all They are not rules or laws! The digital modes, protocols and means try out different programs are being actively developed, while the operating approaches … and do let me conventions or habits on-air are still evolving. Other know if they work better. approaches may be even better than those I suggest here. 1.2 In particular, I must point out that I am a keen HF DXer with zero experience on meteor scatter, I am primarily a Microsoft Windows sufferer EME, rain scatter, topband and VLF, 6m and up user. WSJT-X is an impressive example of etc. I have only used FT8 on 80 through 10 multi-platform coding that works on Linux, metres. Hopefully much of the advice here is MacOS, Windows (XP and up) and other useful in other contexts (e.g. topband DXing) but platforms, with only minor differences … but different techniques may well be appropriate and since I only run it on Windows 8.1, please necessary, in which case I urge you to contact me. don’t bombard me with rotten tomatoes if Maybe together we can add further advice for the tips don’t apply on your system. other applications of FT8? Use the FT8 software installation instructions and help to set up the software with your computer and rig. This guide is intended to help you get the best out of FT8 from an operational perspective after you have it running, not to set up your system up from scratch – sorry but there are too many situations and my knowledge is too limited to do justice to the initial software installation and configuration activities. Important disclaimer We are all individually responsible for complying with our licenses plus applicable laws and regulations that may, for instance, specify permitted powers, modes and bands/frequencies (e.g. on 60m), or impose obligations concerning remote operation, on-air identification (e.g. prohibiting “/QRP”) and logging. Just because WSJT-X lets us do something does not necessarily mean it is legal and appropriate where we are. Neither the team behind WSJT-X, nor the author of this guide, is responsible for your compliance. Copyright © 2018 ZL2iFB P a g e | 2 FT8 Operating Guide 2 Start here 2.1 Use the latest available release of the FT8 software. You have a few If you are uncomfortable choices, starting with WSJT-X written by the team that invented the using buggy, often badly mode (the original and best, you might say!). WSJT-X v 1.8.0 is the broken beta software with current production release, while v1.9.0 Release Candidate 3 is out frequent updates (some now for beta testing. of which make matters In the best tradition of amateur radio, WSJT-X is open-source, hence worse!), stick with WSJT-X others are developing variants of the program, changing the user v1.8.0 at least for now: it interface and in some cases meddling with the decoding and isn’t perfect … but it is encoding under the covers. Software updates are frequent with the usable and stable. more actively developed variants, as bugs and flaws are discovered and fixed, and new functions are released for alpha or beta testing. 2.2 With WSJT-X running, press F1 and read the help file/manual. It’s quite well written, if I say so myself1. You’ll discover, for instance, that the confusing combinations of shift/alt/control keys and clicks are handily explained on the screen by pressing F5 to “Display special mouse commands”2. By far the most useful combination is to shift- click on the waterfall to put your Tx signal there (think of it as ‘shift my Tx’). If nothing else sticks from these Hinson tips, at least remember to shift-click. Although not yet shown on the pop-up help, we can also right- click on the waterfall and then click the only option to set both Rx and Tx frequencies right there3. 2.3 From time to time, check for updates to the digimode software, as you should for all the other software on your system. Most applications, operating systems and drivers are updated or patched occasionally, addressing bugs and flaws or adding new facilities (potentially including changes to the FT8 protocol itself). WSJT-X does not automate this for us but it’s not hard to check the website. New releases are announced on the WSJT-X reflector and the news soon percolates through other ham radio forums, plus on-air of course. 1 I am a technical author by day, a reformed IT auditor by training. This is high praise, coming from me! 2 Commands for special mice? 3 Why we can’t simply left-click to move the Rx and right-click to move the Tx in WSJT-X is beyond me. Seems much more intuitive. JTDX uses this scheme – try it out and see what you think. Copyright © 2018 ZL2iFB P a g e | 3 FT8 Operating Guide 3 Important: accurate timing 3.1 Check your computer’s clock. Accurate timing is quite If you see