2004} Med. 217-231 No. 3 Vol. 55 Entomol. Zool. p. (11) mosquitoes Japan pupal of the Studies on (nov.) of Sirivanakarnius nov.) and Ocuieomyia (stat. Subgenera mosquitoes pupal from key of Culex, with the genus a Culicidae) Ogasawara-gunt6 (Diptera: TANAKA Kazuo Japan Sagamihara, 228-0814 2-1-39-208, Minamidai, 2004) Accepted: June 30 (Received: 2004; March 29 (Sirivanakar- bitaeniorhynchus (Oculeomyia) Cx. and of Culex The Abstract" pupae Chaeto- discussed. taxonomic characters their described and boninensis nius) are are Oculeomyia prepared. is species for these illustrations full and tables two taxy are subgeneric given subgenus and Culex status to with the resurrected from synonymy is Sirivanakarnius subgenus sinensis. A Cx. bitaeniorhynchus and Culex include new mosquitoes from species of key of the A boninensis. Culex established for to pupa presented. Ogasawara-gunt6 is Sirivanakarnius, Oculeomyia, Culex, morphotaxonomy, mosquito Key words: pupa, Japan Cx. bitaeniorhynchus, sinensis and Cx. Culex of revision of the is This pupae paper a occasion, this subgenus Culex. In the in included previously been boninensis, have which previously Oculeomyia treated subgenus species the former transfer the to two I a as Sirivanakarnius the for subgenus establish Culex, subgenus and of the new a synonym species. lattermost (1999, concerning Tanaka follow study the Principles this methods of and pupae al., 1979. Tanaka follows and larvae terminology adults et 2001); of the manuscript. reviewing Saugstad the for S. Edward greatly Mr. indebted I to am subgeneric Oculeomlia status Resurrection of to conventionally treated been bitaeniorhynchus have its and Culex a as congeners bitaeniorhynchus (1932) established the Edwards subgenus subgroup species Culex. the in assigned Culex, 12 subgenus and sitiens-group) of the (Lasioconops A in series or group belong poicilipes Theobald Culex them, to it; species world of the to may a among of consists sitiens bitaeniorhynchus of subgroup the (1962) Belkin's different group group. Bitaeniorhynchus species of Thailand (1967) species. three treated Bram Pacific South five species recognized of Bitae- oriental (1976) 11 Group. Sirivanakarn Sitiens Subgroup in morphological the precise for basis Group, and Subgroup Sitiens niorynchus in gave his (1.c.) that stated also Sirivanakarn pupal larval adult, and stages. subgroup the in (1932) Edwards bitaeniorynchus of series corresponded the Subgroup Bitaeniorynchus to (1977). (1962) and Bram subgroup Belkin bitaeniorhynchus of the and to maxilla of and mandible the larval most described and (1979) studied al. Tanaka et Cx. maxilla of mandible and According the them, mosquitoes. species of Japanese to subgenus species Culex of the only other greatly from different bitaeniorhynchus not are Entomol. Zool. Med. 218 species subgenera sinensis studied. Culex of the Culex from of all the also but other genus specimen, single specimen, in observed this studied mounted and far whole as as was on a essentially identical of with Cx. found those mandible and maxilla be its to were Eumelanomyia, species subgenera Culex, Japanese bitaeniorhynchus. Neoculex, the of Culiciomyia fairly markedly homogenous LoI)hoceraomyia, differ- Barraudius and and are bitaeniorhynchus characteristics the sinensis of the Cx. and in of Cx. from those ent species place Therefore, in it these will mandible and maxilla. be reasonable to two a Oculeomyia (1907) subgenus. established Culex sarawaki for Theobald the separate genus bitaeniorhynchus synonymized (1913). by Theobald, with Cx. Edwards 1907, which was subgeneric bitaeniorhynchus Oculeomyia Then, Cx. Cx. and used for the be name can as sinensis. Oculeomyia subgenus characterized larval follows. is in The best the The stage as general is size head relative thorax abdomen short. of The the and the in to setae are opening species subgenera. and The ventral in of oral smaller than other is the narrow, (median cavity capsule long. is labrum labral behind the oral The of head the aspect frontoclypeus (dorsal apotome) completely plate) fused and the with the is suture cutting (Fig. b) entirely rounded; mandible 1, is effaced. The is and the them between a including strongly teeth, is tooth blade ventral and the dorsal ventral very organ lacking MdS; 2b-Mn); developed; (seta mandibular the mandibular the stout, spurs are dorsoapical hairs; of rather of number short the brush reduced short is to row a a apically ventroapical only is of few mandibular reduced short comb to very row a a piliferous (mandibular lobe) scarcely teeth; of mandible is the furcate the pro- process hairs; wide, of dense mandibular and several the trudent bears short but groups very single arranged (Fig. (mandibular sweeper) 1, continuous The maxilla in hairs row. a are along margin, d) entire rounded; cranium its cardo is fused with basal the the is and c proximal maxillary distinct; short; though brush is the hairs of the the the suture are stipital 1-Mx), (seta 2-Mx) (seta which sensoria of lacinial is distad the 5-Mx seta are (galeastipes+laciniastipes); mesostipes distal located distad the middle the of of the (maxillary palpostipes palpus) large, apparently absent; is lacinial is 6-Mx the seta more mesostipes, basally; only palpal long it with three the there fused than half and are as as straight-sided (dorsomentum) plate 13-Mx). 8-, (setae is The 9- sensoria and mentum flanking triangular, extremely is often small. The 1-A teeth antennal the and seta are 1/10 of middle the shaft. The the inserted of reaches basal about pecten at at most siphon, usually consists 10 than of less teeth. and (typical the of mandible Culex of of the the larval A type genus more common Knight, Fig. Fig. 1980, 47) cf. 6, filter-feeders; 1979, is al., and Harbach Tanaka and et piliferous cutting triangular strongly is protrudent the with the not organ process; very long apically usually slender, large; with short furcate the mandibular and spurs are hairs; longer MdS; mandibular mandibular brush is much the the of numerous row a piliferous forming longer consists of much the teeth comb also process many row; a more long; mandibular hairs divided into In hairs the type two groups. a common more are are (cf. Shalaby, Fig separated 18), 1957, is maxilla of Culex cardo of larval the the the genus along margin; length its is from cranium whole of the basal the almost mesostypes proximal maxillary peach-shaped, wide; long; of longer hairs brush than the the very are sensoria, stipital usually of lacinial level is which about the 5-Mx located seta are palpostipes proximad usually middle; is lacinial of is the distal 6-Mx the present; seta mesostipes, distinctly separated usually small, long the half from and and less than as as usually palpal sensoria. has 5 parenthesis. Knight's terminology (1980) in Harbach and Vol. 2004219 3 No. 55 MdS /.,2 PP " PP 2-MX 2-MX PIS PIS 4-MX Ps Ps Ms Lc /\ Cr (Oculeomyia) Fig. bitaeniorhynchus, b, d, mandible mandible; of Larval and maxilla Culex and 1. and c a illustrated.); spicules (Most d, Cd, maxilla lacinial and dorsal and b ventral aspect; aspect. not c, a are lacinia; tooth; Lc, MdB, brush; Cr, cranium; MdC, DT, mandibular cardo; MdH, comb; mandibular dorsal palpal maxillary mesostipes; hair; MdS, P1S, Ms, MxB, brush; sensorium; mandibular mandibular spur; piliferous palpostipes; stipital StS, sensorium; Ps, VT, PP, VB, blade; ventral ventral tooth; process; stipital stipital 5-Mx, proximal 2-Mx, 4-Mx, 1-Mx, cardinal ventral dorsal lacinial seta; seta; seta; seta. (Scales mm.) 0.1 represent Zool. Entomol. Med. 220 secondary but fusion (this mesostipes palpostipes be not the of the Fusion to may a piliferous shortened cranium, the Dixa) the primitive cardo and in condition the to as a the comb brush and maxillary madibular reduction of and brush and spur, are process these bitaeniorhynchus. fusion in Sclerite pronounced of Cx. characteristics most organs Toxorhynchites. Cx. Lutzia species and predatory in such those in is often as seen generally S1)irogyra-eater, and the representative stronger bitaeniorhynchus, is however, a feeding habit. this species related be maxilla of this and mandible to of the structures may maxilla mandible and precise larval study (1979) the Only done has Tanaka al. et on a head, fused size of the the However, bitaeniorhynchus species subgroup. of the of to as species Cx. following addition in plate the peculiar to and labrum, pecten, mentum according the in bitaeniorhynchus characters to sinensis Cx. have these and common (1967) and (1962), Sirivan- Hopkins (1952), Bram Belkin given by descriptions figures and Africa; Cx. ethiol)icus from Edwards and Cx. (1976): annulioris Theobald Cx. akarn Knight the from Stone and (Taylor) Cx. starckeae and Edwards, Cx. albinervis squamosus selangorensis Sirivanakarn, Cx. luzonensis infula Theobald, Pacific; Cx. Cx. and South geminus and Edwards, Colless Cx. I)seudosinensis Colless, Cx. Sirivanakarn, Cx. cornutus belong species will Region. also These Oriental from Sirivanakarn the kinabaluensis Cx. species the have all these maxilla of Oculeomyia, mandible and if the and to same Oculeomyia full be ranked bitaeniorhynchus, could Cx. of those characters genus. as a as by satisfactorily discussed described and this of adult characters The group were pupal nothing characters The (1976), them. add I Sirivanakarn and have to to are this in discussed described and paper. Oculeomyia subgenus of The the pupa semicircular; lateralia without elliptical roughly each with lobe Dorsal apotome or view, triangular apically, lateral in compound Trumpet broadened facets of of traces eye. long nearly 1/3 half widely pinna 1/3; about in tracheoid basal with to as as open, very mostly but cephalothoracic short l-C and 10- l for All except trumpet. setae very separated and from 2-C margin lateralia; posterior 3-C well branched; of 2-C close to cephalothoracic 8-C lateralia; posterior margin of 6-C setae; shortest distant of from of metathorax Middle ll-C.