A Professional Journal of National Defence College Volume 19 Number 1 June 2020 National Defence College Bangladesh EDITORIAL BOARD Chief Patron Lieutenant General Sheikh Mamun Khaled, SUP, rcds, psc, PhD Editor-in-Chief Rear Admiral M Shafiul Azam, NUP, ndc, psc Editor Colonel M A Saadi, afwc, psc Associate Editors Brigadier General Muhammad Ali Talukder, ndc, afwc, psc Lieutenant Colonel Muhammad Alamgir Iqbal Khan, psc, Arty Assistant Editors Assistant Professor Nishat Sultana Assistant Director Md Nazrul Islam ISSN: 1683-8475 DISCLAIMER The analysis, opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this Journal are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the NDC, Bangladesh Armed Forces or any other agencies of Bangladesh Government. Statement, fact or opinion appearing in NDC Journal are solely those of the authors and do not imply endorsement by the editors or publisher. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electrical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Published by the National Defence College, Bangladesh Design & Printed by : Isamoti Printers 89/3, Nayapaltan, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh Cell: 01947540934, E mail: [email protected] CONTENTS Page Foreword v Editorial vi Abstracts vii Trans-boundary Water Sharing: A Comparative Analysis of Ganges Water Sharing Treaty 1996 and Few other Related International Treaties and Conventions for Identifying Challenges and Way Forward for Bangladesh 01 By-Brigadier General Md Ahsanul Kabir, ndc, afwc, psc Efficacy of Capitalism in the 21st Century Towards Pursuit of Happiness and Prosperity: Takeaways for Bangladesh from Malaysia and China 26 By-Brigadier General Abdullah Al Mamun, SPP, ndc, psc, G Online Radicalisation among the Youths in Bangladesh: Effects on National Security and Way Forward 51 By-Brigadier General Md Masudur Rahman, ndc, psc Internet of Things for Bangladesh: Prospects and Challenges 82 By-Brigadier General Md Nasim Parvez, ndc, afwc, psc Maritime Security of the Bay of Bengal: Joint Imperatives of Armed Forces and Ministry of Foreign Affairs 118 By-Commodore Mir Ershad Ali, (G), NPP, ndc, psc, BN Speech of 7th March: Political Direction Towards Inspiring the Nation for Freedom 146 By- Joint Secretary Khan Md. Nurul Amin, ndc An Audit of the Jigsaw – India’s ‘Act East’ and the United States of America’s ‘Indo-Pacific’ 170 By- Commodore Rajiv Ashok, ndc Cyber Threats and National Security in Nigeria: Strategies to Mitigate the Challenges 192 By- Group Captain Nosiru Babatunde Folaji, MSS, ndc, psc(+) Psychological Contract: Towards Enhanced Interpersonal Relationship between Officers and Men of Bangladesh Army 215 By- Colonel Md Syeedur Rahman, afwc, psc Understanding and Shaping-up Soldiers’ Psyche: A Vital Need for Enhancing Fighting Power 239 By- Lieutenant Colonel Kazi Nadir Hossain, afwc, psc, G+, Artillery Integration of Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Operations in Bangladesh Airspace besides Manned Aircraft: Challenges Ahead and Suggested Solutions 263 By- Group Captain Md Rafiul Huq, BPP, afwc, psc Full Range Leadership for Enhanced Operational Proficiency of the Units of Bangladesh Army 288 By-Colonel M A Saadi, afwc, psc FOREWORD National Defence College has been striving since 1999 with a vision to be the premier national centre of excellence on leadership, defence, security, strategy and development studies - meeting the challenges of the 21st century. Since its inception, the college has been relentlessly presenting time - befitting academic curricula to the potential policy planners, senior leaders and strategic thinkers of the future. The college aims to create a balanced outlook and bring a visualization amongst the Course Members with a strategic and operational level understanding. The chronicles of past 21 years testify the viability of the academic system that has contributed to this leading institution in gaining reputation of excellence at home and abroad. National Defence College being the highest level national institution in Bangladesh, has always been emphasizing on conducting research on contemporary issues of national importance. The common aim of research work is to enable Course Members to make original contribution to a subject of national or international interest, which has influence on national security and development. NDC journal reflects the notable research works carried out by Course Members and Faculty of the college. I am assertive that the Research Papers included in this journal encompassing varied subjects would be considerably useful for the readers. I congratulate all authors who contributed to this journal. I appreciate the sincere efforts of Research and Academic Wing and acknowledge the hard work of editorial board to publish this journal in due time. Sheikh Mamun Khaled, SUP, rcds, psc, PhD Lieutenant General Commandant V EDITORIAL National Defence College, Bangladesh is the premier national center of excellence on leadership, Security, Strategy and Development Studies. The College believes that a senior officer from military and civil services should have a good understanding of the major economic, political and social issues of the nation and be able to recommend measures to face the challenges. Hence NDC regularly conducts various research works on contemporary issues of national as well as international importance. NDC Journal is a bi-annual publication of National Defence College publishing selected research papers prepared by the course members. The articles for the journal (Volume 19, Number 1, June 2020) are mostly selected from individual research papers that the Course Members had submitted as part of the course curriculums. National Defence College has been very regular in bringing out ‘NDC Journal’ every year on time. This speaks of the laborious effort and genuine commitment on the part of both the editorial staffs and the writers. A total 12 (twelve) Individual Research Paper have been adjudged for publication in the current issue in abridged form. The articles reflect complex and intricate multidimensional issues emanating from the long diversified experience of the Course Members and the curriculum based deliberations and discourse on various topics concerning comprehensive national security during the trainings. This volume includes papers of different categories that will be able to draw the attention of varied groups of reader. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the Chief Patron Lieutenant General Sheikh Mamun Khaled, SUP, rcds, psc, PhD, the Commandant of NDC for his valuable guidance. Research is a highly committed undertaking. Despite all efforts, unintentional errors in various forms may appear in the journal. We ardently request our valued readers to pardon us for such unnoticed slights and shall consider ourselves rewarded to receive any evocative criticism. We hope that all papers included in this volume will be able to satisfy our readers. M Shafiul Azam, NUP, ndc, psc Rear Admiral Senior Directing Staff (Navy) VI ABSTRACT TRANS-BOUNDARY WATER SHARING: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GANGES WATER SHARING TREATY 1996 AND FEW OTHER RELATED INTERNATIONAL TREATIES AND CONVENTIONS FOR IDENTIFYING CHALLENGES AND WAY FORWARD FOR BANGLADESH Brigadier General Md Ahsanul Kabir, ndc, afwc, psc Bangladesh and India share 54 trans-boundary rivers, but at present treaty on only one river exits, Ganges Water Sharing Treaty 1996 with validity for 30 years. The treaty has been critically examined by comparing it with three prominent existing international water sharing treaties, and also further compared with another two international watercourses conventions. The comparisons reveal that in contrast to other treaties and conventions, Ganges Treaty 1996 did not take ‘whole basin approach’. None of these three treaties are time bounded, rather all are permanent in nature. It may be further observed that Ganges Treaty 1996 is basically a volumetric division of water at a fixed point of Farakka located in India for limited period of time - only in dry season, and also does not consider other forms of water uses and benefits. Having no provision on arbitration mechanism automatically turns the treaty as weakly bonded one. The usual negotiation process between two countries over water sharing may be attributed to certain weaknesses: over dependency on ‘bilateral negotiation’ coupled with attitude of ‘political altruism’ instead of ‘political utilitarianism’, looking upon the downstream country as ‘beneficiary’ instead of ‘shared partner’, relying more on ‘distributive’ instead of ‘integrative’ approach of negotiation etc. The study recommends few structural and non-structural measures, by adopting which Bangladesh may make optimum utilization of her available annual water quantity, emphasizes on commencing the already conceived Ganges Barrage Project, as early as feasible. Bangladesh may intensify her proactive, skillful, and effective water negotiation with all co-riparian countries for arriving basin wide solutions for entire GBM River System region following globally accepted concept of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) for an equitable and just utilization of available vast water resources. Keywords: Treaties, Conventions, Water Negotiation, Structural Measures, Non- structural Measures, Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). VII EFFICACY OF CAPITALISM IN THE 21ST CENTURY TOWARDS PURSUIT