VOL. XVIII No. 2 MARCH-APRIL 2002 Mailing Address PO Box 824, Lavington NSW 2641 Email [email protected] Web Site www.ascta.com Membership Enquiries Phone: 02 6041 6077 or Fax: 02 6041 4282 ASCTA Insurance Brokers 1300 300 511 CONTENTS Female Coaches – why are there so few at the top level? Australian Sports Commission State Coaching & Officiating (Ursula Carlile)................................................................ 1 Contacts................................................................................ 66 Forbes & Ursula Carlile Articles...................................... 3 Australian Paralympic Preparation Program 2002 The Principles of Training ......................................................3 (Brendan Keogh)............................................................ 67 Signs & Symptoms of Strain...................................................4 Letters to the Editor........................................................ 67 Training Applications of the Stress Concept...........................6 WSCA Newsletter.......................................................... 68 The General Adaptation Syndrome.........................................8 The Backstroke (John M. Hogg & Rein Halijand)............... 68 The Stress Concept .................................................................8 Coaching Fluency in the Water (Terry Laughlin) ................ 72 The General Adaptation Syndrome.........................................9 Competitive Swimmers Shoulder Injury (Larry Weisenthal)74 The General Adaptation Syndrome.......................................10 Rethinking Sprint Breaststroke (Wayne McCauley) ...... 78 Scientific Terms in Training the Sportsman..........................10 Greatness through Adversity (P.H. Mullen)................... 81 The Scope of Sports Medicine ..............................................11 Health Waves (Rick Curl & Edmund Burke) ................. 84 The Role of Applied Physiology...........................................11 Australian Swimming Calendar ..................................... 90 Work at the Cotton Memorial Laboratory.............................12 Heart Rate & Blood Pressure Tests.......................................13 Who should Test? .................................................................14 SWIMMING in AUSTRALIA is published six times annually. Need for Research.................................................................14 Copy Deadline th Sports Science as applied to Swimming (Buddy Portier)15 January-February 15 January March-April 15th March Glycogen Replacement Rate and its use in Program Design th (Dr Bob Treffene)........................................................... 18 May-June 15 May July-August 15th July Developing the Talent (Bill Nelson)............................... 23 th September-October 15 September Butterfly Stroke (Otto Sonnleitner)................................ 24 November-December 15th November Coaching in a Training Camp Environment (Bill Sweetenham) .................................................................. 27 ADVERTISING RATES Survival from the FITTEST (Dr Louise Burke) ............. 29 1 Issue 3 Issues 6 Issues Non- Non- Non- Member Member Member Analysis of 6.4km Freestyle Training Set (David Pyne) 31 Member Member Member Learn to Swim................................................................ 33 $ $ $ $ $ $ Teaching Butterfly Stroke (Terry Gulliver) ..........................33 F/Page 600 700 1,300 1,600 1,850 2,100 Learn-to-Swim with Ron Coleman .......................................35 ¾ Page500 575 1,100 1,350 1,500 1,850 Why teach Infant Toddler Swim Survival Safety (Jackie ½ Page 300 350 750 900 1,200 1,500 ¼ Page200 250 500 600 900 1,200 Young)...................................................................................36 The Terrible Twos – Transition Class (Pat Taylor) ..............38 NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS Learn-to-Swim Aids (Ron Coleman......................................39 All copy is subject to acceptance by the publisher. All FINA News .................................................................... 41 advertisers must ensure that their advertisements comply Peak Blood Lactate & Accumulated Oxygen Deficit as strictly with the requirements of all Federal Legislation. The Indices of Freestyle Swimming Performance in Trained publisher reserves the right to reject copy without giving Adult Female Swimmers (Robert F. Zoeller, Elizabeth F. any reason or explanation. Nagle, Robert J. Robertson, Scott M. Lephart, Fredric L. COPYRIGHT ISSUE FROM THE PUBLISHER Goss, Niall M. Moyna) ................................................... 42 As more and more articles with invaluable technical and Northern Territory Croc’s invade Queensland (Mark research data have and will be published through our Magazine for our Members to read and use, it is timely to Davies) ........................................................................... 48 mention Copyright infringements. What can be learnt from the Swim Turn Performances at The ASCTA Magazine (SWIMMING in AUSTRALIA) the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games (Bruce Mason & Jodi Publisher strongly advises all concerned that any attempts Cossor) ........................................................................... 50 to reprint articles or excerpts from contents is prohibited Swimming Psychology (Craig Townsend)..................... 52 without the written permission of the publisher and author. THE SPORT EDUCATOR............................................ 59 Any infringements of copyright will be dealt with Preventing the sexual abuse of young people in Australian accordingly. sport (Trisha Leahy)..............................................................59 Views expressed in articles are those of the authors Coaching Athletes with Disabilities (CAD) course experiences and do not necessarily reflect those of the Editor or the (Warwick Povey)...................................................................62 Board of ASCTA. Sex Discrimination in Sport (Jackie Solakovski) ..................64 SWIMMING in AUSTRALIA – March-April 2002 …that they just have no time left for coaching top Female Coaches – why swimmers. As a rule, the part of the swimming program in women’s hands is the part, which makes are there so few at the money. Top level coaching costs money. Most swimming schools, and most Australian swimming top level? coaching, works on the Swimming School basis – consist of females who run all the lower levels – with By Ursula Carlile a male senior coach who looks after a small number Assistant Coach – Olympic Games, Munich 1972 of elite swimmers, travelling around Australia and Coach – Commonwealth Games, Christchurch 1974 around the world with them, which he couldn’t afford to do unless he had a solid Swim School behind him. With the emergence of Elka Graham as the world’s top female 200m Freestyle swimmer, and her Only at the Sports Institutes, AIS and the State coach Narelle Simpson, the question of female Institutes can the financial coaches at the top level situation be a little different. comes up again. Over the However, Institutes pick years it has been apparent in their coaches from the top Australia, and overseas, that (based on the performance at the upper level (Olympic of their swimmers) coaches and National Teams) there around, who, at present, are have been very few women men. Are the Institutes the appointed to the coaching places, which should be staffs of those teams. stepping outside the circle and promoting female Why? coaches? If they did, a very different pattern might What … if anything … emerge – but the first step should we do about it? in a new direction is a very difficult one to take! So, financially, women are I believe the reasons can be summed up in a few needed at the bottom of the pyramid to support the words … opportunity and affinity. soaring tip – with a male coach flitting around the world with his top few swimmers. Women do not Opportunity is closely allied with good luck. have the opportunity to try themselves out at the top. Olympic coaches are selected from people with swimmers on the team – usually in the top eight in Realistically, a huge amount of good luck is the world. You need to have been quite lucky to have involved in having a great swimmer come into your had such a talented swimmer walk in the door. Most program. To become great, a child needs all the women simply never have the opportunity to become things we all know… elite coaches, although there are clearly those who have the academic qualifications and the knowledge of swimming and could easily be Olympic coaches if F Year-round warm water they had the good luck to have just one highly F Good teaching talented swimmer and the opportunity to be solely in F Good motivation charge of a program attracting potential Olympic F A streamlined shape swimmers. F To start early F Suitable economic situation In swimming, women have been so successful in F Keen parents in a stable marriage other areas… F Dedication F Good health, etc. F Learn-to-Swim F Junior Coaching …but as well he/she needs natural ability ... F Baby and Toddler Teaching TALENT at swimming. And this is where LUCK F Teaching at all the lower levels comes in. F And in administration, selling, managing, etc., ~~ 1 ~~ SWIMMING in AUSTRALIA – March-April 2002 The good coach (and good parents) can have both Australia and the United States – have a everything else right, but without TALENT it’s going perception that men don’t want them up in the top to be almost impossible