IJBPAS, July, 2015, 4(7): 347-359 ISSN: 2277–4998 DEVELOPMENT OF GLORY OF COURT OF HIS EMINENCE ABD ALAZIM HASANI, THE MOST IMPORTANT RELIGIOUS TOURISM POLE IN SHAHRE REY NASROLLAH FALLAH TABAR Faculty members, Islamic Azad University, Yadegar –e- Imam Khomeini, Tehran, Iran ABSTRACT Islamic Republic of Iran is an ancient center for culture and civilization development through the world. Cultural heritages and Iranian- Islamic monuments, occasionally manifested as valuable historical- religious monuments, accounted as the identity and glory of Iranian cities and villages. Along with, Shahre Rey is one of the famous historical, cultural and commercial cities considered since ancient era and court of his eminence Abd Alazim Hasani is also glorying as a golden monument on this old city. The court of Abd Al-Azim Hasani has been historically considered and passed its development during the years and could attract tourists to itself by markets and other elements such as school, library, museum, praying place, tomb and court of Imam Zadeh Taher and Court of Imam Zadeh Hamzeh that gave it a special reverence and this could strengthen the tourism, particularly religious and pilgrimage tourism. Studies indicate that this complex historically encountered with structural abrasion and social- cultural and economic abnormalities and on the other side old and unsuitable textures around the shrine, false occupations, troublesome usages and poor residents of surrounding zones eliminated the elegancy of this holey place and made its feature unsuitable, particularly on tourism based and this caused the authorities of Shahre Rey to take necessary actions for improving it and operating from its historical spaces and works to playing valuable cultural, religious and historical role in structural plans and urban development and tourism plans according to its dignity. Keywords: Court of Abd Al-Azin Hasani, development, religious tourism, historical tecture, structural plan 347 IJBPAS, July, 2015, 4(7) Nasrollah Fallahtabar Research Article INTRODUCTION development may be conducted considering In this study, enjoying the reports and the ancient and historical texture of old projects implemented around shrine of Abd zones through the city, i.e. development of Al-Azim Hasani, in past era, as well as its structural elements. Because historical fundamental changes occurred since, there textures are an indicator of urban culture and was used historical, library and field history and its civil life, in any historical methodology in combined based. city, historical texture is the initial center of With approximately 9000 years of antiquity, city and urban life passed its life in a Shahre Rey is one of the oldest cities in Iran historical texture for more than several and has brilliant civilization signs such as: centuries and by properly rehabilitation and holy shrines and famous people’s tombs, repairing it also can continue this way. court of his eminent Abd Al-Azin Hasani Iranian old cities possess indicating zones and holy shrine of Imamzadeh Taher, that are the most precious historical works. Imamzadeh Abd Allah, Imam Zadeh Hadi, But, by the time, such zones become worn Imamzadeh Abolhasan Ibn Bavieh, Haroon out and in most cases, they turned to the jail (Sasanid fire place), enmity house habitat of poor people and or immigrant (Nagharkhaneh), Gabri castle, Ashkan people and not only turned to a structural Castle, Toghrol Tower, Cheshmeh Ali and issue, but indicated as an economic, social various caravanserai and castles has and cultural complication. This has always prominent place among Iranian cities. The been considered by authorities and proper identity of Shahre Rey resulted from urbanization managers besides development various factors such as historical and of tourism industry. cultural factors that their interaction may On the other hand, historical zones have play important role in its development and valuable urban spaces indicating the increase the tourism industry. concepts of mass living and civilization in On the other hand, day to day increase in the their history. population of cities needs new structure such Urban Rehabilitation in the framework of as: new residential, cultural, commercial Plans spaces and streets that made new horizon to In the civil plans and rehabilitation and old urban textures and way of their renovation of urban, there has been taken rehabilitation. Development of new urban 348 IJBPAS, July, 2015, 4(7) Nasrollah Fallahtabar Research Article some actions some of them conducted improving the suburb textures in the cities partially. through the country aiming to empowering Five years plan of second economic, social the residents of such textures and providing and cultural development of Islamic them with usable facilities. Republic of Iran executed from 1993 to Historical Structure of Shahre Rey 1997, in the urban development, the subject Studies indicated that Ray has two main of rehabilitation of old texture of cities has parts. Its historical part located in its north been discussed. These projects aim to called “Rey Barin” and part related to Islam optimally use lands by modifying the old and Post Islam era where has more extended textures, and rehabilitating the buildings and called “Rey Zirin”. Later, after demolition of improving the old zones and these plans Rey Zirin due to internal wars and clearly dealt with development in the field earthquake, Rey Barin flourished again and of cities texture. current situation of Shahre Rey is located in Five years plan of third economic, social and an ancient site of Rey Barin. Meanwhile, cultural development of Islamic Republic of despites invasions and political and Iran executed from 1997 to 2004, aimed to ideological disputes, this city enjoyed proper improve urban spaces as well as open and and potential economic power. Economic public spaces in the cities and implementing fundamentals of this city can be sought out the projects such as urbanization details and in trading, industries and agriculture. urban planning. In the past, Shahre Rey in its main route had Five years plan of fourth economic, social a famous market linking Batan (Okbatan) and cultural development of Islamic gate along with Abrisham road to Rashkan Republic of Iran executed from 2004 to (Arshak) gate in the north of town next to 2009 aimed to improve the feature and Rashkan castle and northern part of this structure of cities, maintaining and market called “Narmeh” and its southern developing the architecture and urbanization part called “Dehak”. culture as well as improving the urban Second part of Shahre Rey linked from its services by rehabilitating the old and east (Khorasan gate) and eastern route of unsuitable texture of urban places and Abrisham Road to Balisan (Balash) gate in preventing the development of corners of the western north of city crossed with cities according to general urban design and previous route up to Cheshmeh Ali. In 349 IJBPAS, July, 2015, 4(7) Nasrollah Fallahtabar Research Article parallel with this and along with Cheshmeh maps indicate that until this period, Tehran, Ali stream (Sourin or Soren) there was Shahre Rey and Shemiranat were separated another famous market called “Roodeh” from each other and occurred with partial passed from Toghrol tower from south and areas and there was also a small residential linked to main route of Narmeh market. In texture around Shrine of Abd Al-azim the cross of these markets, there were four hasani extended towards square of Shahre main marketplace of the town called Chahar Rey. bazar (four markets). Toghrol tower located 2- Structural development of Tehran in the east of Char Bazar and Ibne Bavih in and Shahre Rey until 1956: in this time the west of Char bazar. On the other side, period about 35 years, the Tehran area Imamzadeh Abd Allah has been also considerable developed from its east, north, established at the corner of this route and south and particularly west and north and extended to His eminence Abd Alazim Shemiran also developed from the old road located out of the city walls. Studies indicate of Shemiran towards Tehran. In this time, that in the Safavid era, there has been the texture around shrine partially developed prepared the map of Shahre Rey by a tourist and there was created a small spot of called Kerporter. This map conformed based industrial units such as: Rey Cement factory, on different signs and features with status Rey Chit Factory, Prominent Chit quo and it has been determined that all Factory,… in the north of region. routes and main historical and structural 3- Structural development of Tehran elements of Shahre Rey and the situation of and Shahre Rey until 1976: in the period of all current historical works may be about 20 years, the structural development recognizable. of Tehran continued more severely and fast Changes of Shahre Rey Contemporarily and Tehran, Rey and Shemiran totally Studies conducted for structural connected to each other and formed as an development of Tehran and Shahre Rey integrated unit. During this time, Tehran from 1921 to 1996 embedded automatically extended towards Shemiran and this caused the structural development of district 20 of building more residential textures and on the Tehran Municipality detailed as below: other side, development of Tehran towards 1- Structural development of Tehran Shahre Rey determined as establishing and Shahre Rey since 1921: documents and industrial units. 350 IJBPAS, July, 2015, 4(7) Nasrollah Fallahtabar Research Article 4- Structural development of Tehran important role in formation of spatial and Shahre Rey until 1996:in this period, organization of region. structural development of Tehran, c- It is clear that Fadaeeane Eslam particularly in its southern corners Street linked Shrine at the north with center accelerated, this is more because of of Tehran and traditional market ended to increased immigration towards Tehran and shrine and Shahre Rey Square located at the in Shahre Rey, and in the range of district 20 southern end of this street.