Digging for Gold: Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment in the Brian Rebel February 8, 2012 1 Tuesday, February 14, 2012 LBNE Nuggets • LBNE is the next generation of neutrino experiment after NOνA • The processes LBNE will look for are all really rare, like gold nuggets • Need to have a grand scale to even begin: massive detectors, long distances for the neutrinos to travel, intense beams • The knowledge gained will be revolutionary - maybe even answer the question as to why we are here 2 Tuesday, February 14, 2012 Outline • What are neutrinos and why study them • How to detect neutrinos • Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) • Summary 3 Tuesday, February 14, 2012 !"#$"%&'()*%+'"#%'#,-)%&+"'. F<1%#+.#1#"-)%&+"'D F<-&-#('#"-)%&+"'.#*'A-#;&'AD ,-)%&+"'.# 1&-# J&'("7%'<"!. 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"-)%&+"'#+.#%<-#51&%"-&#';#%<-#;1A+6+1&#-6-*%&'"7 HM')=<63#NLL#8+66+'"#"-)%&+"'.#5&'()*-(#+"#%<-#*'&-# ';# %<-# 0)"# .%&-1A# %<&')=<# 3')&# ;+"=-&"1+6# -2-&3# .-*'"(4#(13#'&#"+=<% !#<+.%'&3#';#%<-#"-)%&+"' /R<-#!%A'.5<-&- Origin Story HE+=<>I"-&=3# S'.A+*# &13.# ;&'A# .51*-# .%&+:-# /*+,C. $"# 1# 6-%%-&# %'# %<-# 1%%-"(--.# ';# 1# *'";-&-"*-4# 1%'A.# +"# %<-# 1%A'.5<-&-4# 5&'()*+"=# 1# .<'9-&# • The existence of the neutrino was first suggested by Wolfgang Pauli in I)!J$"'$. K"&!4 5&'5'.-(# 1# 6+=<%# -6-*%&+*19301663>"-)%&16# ';#51&%+*6-.4#+"*6)(+"=#"-)%&+"'.7##!55&'O+A1%-63# • Used to explain missing energy when neutrons convert (decay) to protons 51&%+*6-#+"#'&(-&#%'#-O561+"#%<-#A+..+"=#-"-&=and3 electrons#+"#*-&%1+"# NL# 1%A'.5<-&+*# "-)%&+"'.# # 9+66# 51..# %<&')=<# • Pauli proposed the neutrino in a letter &1(+'1*%+2-#(-*13.7#BX1)6+ (+(#"'%#1%%-"(#%<-#to *a conference'"; -as his& -presence"* at- a # 3')&#%<)A8"1+6#-2-&3#.-*'"(7## ball in Zurich was “indispensable” X1)6+ 8-*1).-# <+.# 5&-.-"*-# 91.# Y+"(+.5-".186-Z#•1Enrico%# Fermi1# was8 the1 first66 person# +" to # call them neutrinos /G1"1"1. a)&+*<7C##E-#*166-(#%<+.#51&%+*6-#%<-#"-)%&'"7 H!"#12-&1=-#81"1"1#9+66#-A+%#&')=<63#N#A+66+'"#"-)%&+"'.# 4 / *+,-. $"# 1"# )";'&%)"1%-# <+.%'&+*16# 1**+(-Tuesday," February%4# 14, 2012V1A-.# S<1(9+*:# -1*<# (13# ()-# %'# %<-# %+"3# 1A')"%# ';# "1%)&1663>'**)&&+"=# (+.*'2-&-(# 1# %'%1663# )"&-61%-(# "-)%&16# 51&%+*6-4# %1:-"# %'# 8-# %<- &1(+'1*%+2-#5'%1..+)A#+%#*'"%1+". 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H)5;4@" ;'&#%<-#(-%-*%+'"#';#.'61&#1"(#1%A'.5<-&+*#"-)%&+"'.7 / ,-)%&+"'# (-%-*%'&.# 1&-# %35+*1663# 6'*1%-(# &'(%#$#)&'(4# %'# ;+6%-&# ')%# %<-# "1%)&1663>'**)&&+"=# *'.A+*>&13.# *'A+"=# ;&'A# .51*-# # B'&# / -CC/ ?$,@0#-O5-&+A-"%#8-=+".#%'#*'66-*%#(1%17 ;&'A#%<-#1%A'.5<-&-DDC7 !"#$%& '()*!+,-*"-.)/012*#)302,-1* $4/,55+0,1What-*% is )a Neutrino?+2/( • Neutrinos make up 1/4 of the "-known* 2)/) elementary-0* ;)+24 *particles0()* 40 39;* 1>* -)302,-14@* 0()* •48Neutrinos+55)40* 1have>* + no55* Bcharge-1A -* )5)8)-0+2;* 7+20,/5)4@* $%&'?&94@-98& #@'!%&',#2495 (/5&;' (+4* <)/18)* 1-)* 1>* 0()* 8140* ,87120+-0* "%&-&'!%&'79-'<&!&0!#-'/='3#09!&4> •01Neutrinos7,/4*,-* 8have19 )very2-* little(,:( mass*)-)2:;*7(;4,/4? • Neutrinos tend to ignore other forms of matter • Can travel 1 light year in lead on average before' interacting()* !"#$ - %5.9*) 67)2,8)-0* ,4* 9)4,:-)9*01* trillion miles 4039;* 0()* 2)/)-05;* 1<4)2=)9* 7()-18)-1-*1>*-)302,-1*14/,55+0,1-4*,-* • Neutrinos are everywhere! 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