How to Export to 2018 Turkey This report includes all the information related to trade basics and detailed data regarding export from Brazil to Turkey. This report is for information purposes only and Tumer Eng. will not be liable to any direct, indirect, incidental, special, consequential or exemplary damages, including but not limited to, damages for loss of profits, goodwill, use, data, or other intangible losses. Ver:1.0 2018 1 Contents 1 Why Turkey.................................................................................................................................... 12 1.1 General Information .............................................................................................................. 12 1.2 Geography ............................................................................................................................. 13 1.2.1 Distances ....................................................................................................................... 18 1.2.2 Climate of Turkey .......................................................................................................... 19 1.2.2.1 Air temperature changes until now .......................................................................... 20 1.2.2.2 Precipitation changes until now ................................................................................ 21 1.2.2.3 Air temperature changes in the 21st century ........................................................... 21 1.2.2.4 Precipitation changes in the 21st century ................................................................. 21 1.2.3 Turkish Political Map ..................................................................................................... 23 1.3 Culture ................................................................................................................................... 23 1.3.1 Turkish Cuisine ............................................................................................................... 23 1.3.2 Sport (Football) .............................................................................................................. 25 1.3.3 Art .................................................................................................................................. 27 1.3.4 Music ............................................................................................................................. 31 1.4 POPULATION, URBAN CENTERS AND STANDARD OF LIVING ................................................ 34 1.4.1 Population ..................................................................................................................... 34 1.4.2 Demographics of Turkey 2017 ....................................................................................... 38 1.4.3 Turkey population density ............................................................................................. 38 1.4.4 Religion in Turkey .......................................................................................................... 39 1.4.5 Turkey age structure ..................................................................................................... 39 1.4.6 Urban Centers................................................................................................................ 43 1.4.7 Standarts of Living ......................................................................................................... 44 1.4.7.1 Housing ...................................................................................................................... 45 1.4.7.2 Income ....................................................................................................................... 46 1.4.7.3 Jobs ............................................................................................................................ 46 1.5 Macro economıc indicators of turkey ................................................................................... 47 1.6 Infrastructure, transportation and communications ............................................................ 60 1.6.1 Massive Projects Reshaping Infrastructure in Turkey ................................................... 61 1.6.2 Travel Between Brazil and Turkey ................................................................................. 64 1.6.3 Highways ....................................................................................................................... 64 1.6.4 Turkish Road Network ................................................................................................... 64 1.6.4.1 List of motorways in Turkey ...................................................................................... 64 1.6.4.2 History ....................................................................................................................... 65 1.6.4.3 Toll ............................................................................................................................. 65 2 1.6.4.4 Standards ................................................................................................................... 65 1.6.5 Projects .......................................................................................................................... 66 1.6.5.1 Under construction: .................................................................................................. 66 1.6.5.2 Tender Phase ............................................................................................................. 66 1.6.5.3 Being planned: ........................................................................................................... 66 1.6.6 List of motorways .......................................................................................................... 67 1.6.7 Railway .......................................................................................................................... 71 1.6.7.1 Liberalisation hits Turkish railways ............................................................................ 71 1.6.7.2 High-speed line construction dominates Turkish rail construction .......................... 72 1.6.7.3 Turkey’s rail sector on track for a stronger future .................................................... 72 1.6.8 Maritime ........................................................................................................................ 73 1.6.9 Air Transportation ......................................................................................................... 75 1.6.10 Main Objectives and Targets of the Government for Transport Sector ....................... 78 1.6.11 Telecommunication Dissemination Of Information And Communication Technologies 78 1.7 POLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE ..................................................................... 79 1.7.1 Administration and Politics ........................................................................................... 79 1.7.2 The Presidency .............................................................................................................. 80 1.7.3 The Executive ................................................................................................................. 81 1.7.4 The Legislative ............................................................................................................... 81 1.7.5 The Legal System ........................................................................................................... 82 1.7.6 Political Parties .............................................................................................................. 83 1.7.7 The Military ................................................................................................................... 84 1.8 Turkey and Middle East ......................................................................................................... 86 1.9 International Organizations and Agreements ....................................................................... 87 2 ECONOMY, CURRENCY AND FINANCE ........................................................................................... 89 2.1 Economic Outlook ................................................................................................................. 89 2.2 New Economic Program ........................................................................................................ 91 2.3 What is in the program? ........................................................................................................ 95 2.3.1 Steady Growth ............................................................................................................... 95 2.3.2 Improving Fiscal Discipline ............................................................................................ 95 2.3.3 Reducing Current Account Deficit ................................................................................. 95 2.3.4 Besting Inflation............................................................................................................. 96 2.3.5 Fighting Off Unemployment .......................................................................................... 96 2.3.6 The trust and the heart ................................................................................................. 96 2.3.7 Exports: the heart of nep............................................................................................... 97 3