OCS Study BOEM 2017-044 Year 2014 Gulfwide Emissions Inventory Study U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Gulf of Mexico OCS Region OCS Study BOEM 2017-044 Year 2014 Gulfwide Emissions Inventory Study Authors D. Wilson R. Billings R. Chang S. Enoch B. Do H. Perez J. Sellers Prepared under BOEM Contract M13PC00005 by Eastern Research Group, Inc. 1600 Perimeter Park Drive, Suite 200 Morrisville, NC 27560 Published by U.S. Department of the Interior New Orleans, LA Bureau of Ocean Energy Management June 2017 Gulf of Mexico OCS Region DISCLAIMER This report was prepared under contract between the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) and Eastern Research Group, Inc. This report has been technically reviewed by BOEM and it has been approved for publication. Approval does not necessarily signify that the contents reflect the views and policies of BOEM, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. REPORT AVAILABILITY To download a PDF file of this Environmental Studies Program report, go to the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Environmental Studies Program Information System website and search on OCS Study BOEM 2017-044. This report can be viewed at select Federal Depository Libraries. It can also be obtained from the National Technical Information Service; the contact information is below. US Department of Commerce National Technical Information Service 5301 Shawnee Rd. Springfield, Virginia 22312 Phone: (703) 605-6000, 1 (800) 553-6847 Fax: (703) 605-6900 Website: http://www.ntis.gov/ CITATION Wilson, D., R. Billings, R. Chang, S. Enoch, B. Do, H. Perez, and J. Sellers. 2017. Year 2014 gulfwide emissions inventory study. US Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Gulf of Mexico OCS Region, New Orleans, LA. OCS Study BOEM 2017-044. 275 pp. ABOUT THE COVER The graphic on the cover depicts the calendar year 2014 estimated oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions for all sources in the Gulf of Mexico region, including all platform and non-platform sources, oil and gas related and otherwise. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report would not have been possible without the contributions of the following staff at Eastern Research Group, Inc.: Karla Faught, Steve Mendenhall, Regi Oommen, and Jody Tisano. Assistance was also provided by the staff of COMM Engineering: Stephanie Myers and Rachelle Suir, and Brian Boyer with BTGap, LLC. ii ABSTRACT This report presents the results of a calendar year 2014 air pollutant emissions inventory for Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) oil and gas production sources in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) west of 87.5 degrees longitude, as well as other sources that are not associated with oil and gas production. Pollutants covered in the inventory are the criteria air pollutants—carbon monoxide (CO), lead (Pb), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter-10 (PM10), particulate matter-2.5 (PM2.5), PM precursor ammonia (NH3), ozone precursor volatile organic compounds, and major GHGs—carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). This is the first inventory cycle to include Pb and NH3. Details are provided on the emission estimation methods for all sources. This report is the fifth in a series of GOM OCS emissions inventories developed by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM). Past emissions inventories include emissions estimates for calendar years 2000, 2005, 2008, and 2011. The 2014 inventory results indicate that OCS oil and gas production platforms and production- related vessels and helicopters account for 99% of total methane emissions, 72% of carbon monoxide emissions, 56% of volatile organic compound emissions, 36% of nitrogen oxide emissions, 30% of particulate matter emissions, and 12% of sulfur dioxide emissions in the GOM inventory. Comparisons of the emission estimates between the BOEM calendar year 2011 inventory and the 2014 inventory show a decrease in all emission estimates for 2014. The emission estimates for some sources that are not associated with oil and gas production increased, particularly commercial marine vessels. This is due to a more complete assessment of the vessels transiting the GOM using the automatic identification system (AIS). The 2014 emission estimates for oil and natural gas production platform and non-platform oil and gas- related sources show a decrease in all emission estimates between 2011 and 2014 with a 73% decrease in SO2, a 68% decrease in PM, a 60% decrease in NOx, and a 17% decrease in CH4 emissions. This report also presents the results of a detailed emission trends analysis that analyzed BOEM inventories prepared for calendar years 2000 through 2014. The findings indicate that overall, emissions are largely affected by three factors: activity and production levels, changes in inventory methodologies, and improvements in the emission factors used to estimate emissions. The total production trend to emissions does not hold true for 2014, as higher production was paired with decreased emissions and number of platforms. Deepwater platforms account for an increasing portion of the emissions, despite only minor changes in the number of these platforms. At the conclusion of this report, the limitations associated with the development of the 2014 inventory, and recommendations for future improvements are presented. iii CONTENTS Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... ii Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... iii Contents ......................................................................................................................................... iv List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. viii List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ xii Abbreviations and Acronyms ...................................................................................................... xvi Equation Unit Definitions .......................................................................................................... xviii Overview ...................................................................................................................................... xix 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background .................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Scope and Purpose of This Study ................................................................................... 3 1.3 Study Objectives ............................................................................................................. 4 1.4 Report Organization ....................................................................................................... 4 2. DATA COLLECTION FOR PLATFORM SOURCES ........................................................ 7 2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Improvement of the GOADS Data Collection Software ................................................ 7 2.3 Working with Users ........................................................................................................ 7 2.4 GOADS Quality Assurance/Quality Control ................................................................. 7 3. QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL .............................................................. 9 3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 9 3.2 Checking File Integrity ................................................................................................. 11 3.3 Equipment Summary Checks ....................................................................................... 11 3.3.1 User-Level Summary ...................................................................................... 11 3.3.2 Structure-Level Summary ............................................................................... 11 3.3.3 Equipment-Level Summary ............................................................................ 12 3.4 QA/QC CHECKS ......................................................................................................... 12 3.4.1 Pre-Processing................................................................................................. 12 3.4.2 Equipment Survey Consistency ...................................................................... 14 3.4.3 Data Range Checks ......................................................................................... 14 3.4.4 Stream Analysis Between Certain Equipment ................................................ 15 3.4.5 Application of Surrogate Values ..................................................................... 15 3.4.6 Post-Processing of Surrogates......................................................................... 15 3.4.7 Revisions by Equipment Type ........................................................................ 18 3.4.8 Incorporation of Draft