Index Adams, Jonathan 9 139–41, 148, 164, 166, 170, 172, 174, Afghanistan 67, 190, 248, 260 177, 182–3, 193, 196, 201, 202, 204, Africa 160, 218, 242; PRC trade and 228–9, 234, 260–267; Beiping 183–4; investment 251 Forbidden City xii, 87, 136, 139, 141, agriculture 27, 28, 30, 31, 35, 45–6, 49, 164–5, 183, 195, 205, 227; Great Hall of 55–6, 59, 63, 66, 100, 110, 116, 117, the People 262, 263; Imperial City 59; 118, 121, 123, 126, 138, 149, 161, 173, Legation Quarter 87; Lugouqiao/Marco 175, 210, 214–16, 223, 225, 227, 237, Polo Bridge 198; Olympics at, 7, 11, 15; 252, 268–9; corn and new crops 49, 50 Qianmen 205; stock market 258; Temple Ai Weiwei 12 of Heaven 139; Tiananmen 87; Yihe dian Alcock, Rutherford 83, 89 (Haidian) Summer Palace 123, 138; Amherst, William Pitt 70–1, 78 Zhongnanhai 227 anarchism 161–2, 186, 223 Beiyang Intendancy 118, 122–4, 133–54, Anhui province 50, 100, 105, 112, 116, 158, 163–5, 166, 172, 181–3, 186, 117, 121, 122, 164, 199, 225–226; Anhui 190, 194 clique 182; Anqing 100, 122; Anhui Belgium 86, 211; legation in Beijing 87 army (Huaijun) 112, 122 Bethune, Norman 203, 217 Arrow War (Second Opium War) xv, Bianco, Lucien 15, 17 83, 113 Biographies from Our Nation’s Female Australia 80, 102, 211, 267; Sydney 158 World 99 Austro-Hungary 86, 139 Bo Gu 187, 188 COPYRIGHTEDBorodin, MATERIAL Mikhail 168, 170, 171, 172 Babojab 164 Boxers or Boxer Rebellion xv, 10, 138–40, Bai Omar Chongxi 184 147, 164 Banchen Lama 35, 38, 48, 151, 224 Braun, Otto 188 Bangladesh 45, 251 Britain xiii, xv, xvii, 39–40, 59, 61, 62, Bao Tong 261, 265–266 71–2, 73–82, 83, 84, 85–6, 89, 91, 92, Baoyun 89 99, 101, 102, 107, 109, 113, 115, 117, Bei Dao 261, 265 120, 121, 137, 147, 152, 153, 162, Beijing xii, xv, xvi, xvii, 7, 9–10, 11, 24, 36, 174, 186, 191, 195, 201, 209, 211, 223, 41, 50, 54, 56, 60, 61–2, 63, 71, 83, 84, 258, 260, 267; British empire 68, 77, 85, 86, 91, 95, 101, 109, 134, 135, 79, 141, 150, 151–2, 158, 160, 174; 99781405160797_6_Index.indd781405160797_6_Index.indd 229595 112/2/20092/2/2009 77:40:03:40:03 PPMM 296 Index Britain (Cont’d) China Democratic League 214, 228–9 George III 41; legation in Beijing 87, Chinese Communist Party (CCP) xvi, 7, 12, 139; London 75, 120, 140, 149, 158; 18, 127, 169–71, 172, 174, 175, 181, Parliament 70–1, 72, 75, 77, 81, 89; 184, 186–8, 190, 191–2, 200, 210, 213, Royal Asiatic Society 70; Queen 220, 222, 230, 236–7, 257, 259, 262–3, Victoria 76, 77, 80 265; 10th Party Congress, xvi; Central Bruce, James (Lord Elgin) 83 Committee 257; Politburo 1, 15, 207, Brunei 38 214, 253, 261–2; Secretariat 214; White Bulwer-Lytton, Victor 195–6 Terror xvi, 181–2, 184, 186, 210; see also Burgevine, Henry 115 Lushan Plenum Burlingame, Anson 88, 89 Chinese Soviet Republic xvi, 185, 186–8, Burma (Myanmar) 21, 25, 34, 38, 68, 91, 195, 196, 207, 214, 233, 257 102, 120–1, 143, 149, 151, 201–2, 251–2 Chonghou 90–2, 118 Bush, George H. W. 261, 266 Churchill, Winston 201 Bush, George W., 249 Colebrooke, Henry Thomas 70 Columbia University 155 Cai E 127, 153–4 Comintern (Communist International) 127, Cai Yuanpei 166 165, 168, 170–1, 172, 181, 182, 184, California Institute of Technology 218 186, 187, 188, 233 Cambodia 38, 45, 200, 248, 251–2; Khmer Communist revolution 68, 101, 190 Rouge 248 compradors 72–3; hong 73, 80, 96 Canada 149, 169, 203, 209, 211; Confucianism xiii, 16–17, 32, 35, 119, 126, Vancouver 144, 158 127, 136, 157, 159, 161; Confucius 110, Canton (Guangzhou) xiii, 39, 40, 41, 59, 185, 252; New Text 157; anti- 64, 70, 72, 73–8, 79, 80, 82, 86, 89, 93, Confucius 252 102–3, 113–14, 121, 123, 134, 135, 142, constitutions and constitutionalism, 144, 146, 148, 165, 168, 171, 172, 174, including constitutional monarchy 140, 181, 185, 186, 187, 191, 199, 231, 264 145, 146–8, 157–9, 160, 163, 164, Cao Kun 172, 182 187, 214 Carter, James Earl, Jr., 248 contract labor 121–2, 146, 149, 171 Cen Yuying 120–1 Cornell University 155 Central Asia 38, 39, 51, 54, 67, 68, 85, 151 crime, organized 51, 63, 73, 75, 102–3, Chai Ling 263, 264–6 107, 143–4, 163, 181–2, 186, 268; see Chen Baozhen 127, 136, 138, 157 also secret societies; smuggling Chen Duxiu 168, 169, 170–1, 174–5 Cultural Revolution (GPCR) xvi, 68, Chen Jiongming 171–2, 184, 186–7 229–38, 252, 254, 257; Red Chen Shui–bien 9 Guards 230–2 Chen Tianhua 141 Chen Xiwen 10 Dai 53, 69 Chen Yucheng 112 Dalai Lama 38, 68–69, 151; Chen Yunlin 9 Fourteenth 191, 224 Cheng Gongbo 169, 175 Daoguang emperor (Minning) 59, 60–1, Chengde (Jehol, Rehe) 35, 36, 60, 83, 86, 75, 78, 82, 93, 105 109, 194, 202 Daoguang reign period xv, 61–3, 107, 137 Chesneaux, Jean 17 Davis, John Francis 74 Chiang Ching-kuo 260 demonstrations 5, 10–11, 13, 14, 17, 55, Chiang Kaishek (Jiang Jieshi) xvi, 165, 171, 136, 153, 166, 173–4, 185, 211, 224, 172, 173, 180, 181–6, 188, 190, 242, 259, 263; Charter 08 xvii; 194–205, 207, 209–11, 219, 249, 260 Democracy Wall (Xidan Street) xvi, 254 99781405160797_6_Index.indd781405160797_6_Index.indd 229696 112/2/20092/2/2009 77:40:03:40:03 PPMM Index 297 Deng Pufang 232 Europe, including European Union 15, 37, Deng Tuo 229 39, 41, 51, 54, 56, 60, 62, 82, 94, 96, Deng Xiaoping xvi, xvii, 15, 128, 187, 189, 101, 104, 119, 135, 140, 143, 158–9, 226–9, 231, 232, 235, 237, 247, 252–62, 161, 174, 246, 267, 272; Franco-Prussian 266–8, 271 War 135; medieval xiii, 81; Rothschild Deng Yingzhao 171, 233 family 73; weapons 92, 126 Deng Yujiao 12–13 Ever Victorious Army 115–16, 119 Dent, Lancelot 76 examinations 16, 26, 29, 30, 103, 136, 142, Dewey, John 155, 167 155; Taiping 110; see also education Ding Ling (Jiang Bingzhi) 167, 220, 221–2, 228 famine 35, 56, 58, 63, 104, 109, 143, 180, disease and medical care 4, 217, 220, 184, 186, 200, 207, 223–6, 257 232–3; HIV/AIDS 69, 243–5 Fang Lizhi 260, 261, 265 Dong Fuxiang 139, 140 Fei Xiaotong 220, 222, 232 Du Wenxiu 120, 124 Feng Guifen 118 Du Yuesheng 182 Feng Guozhang 154 Duan Qirui 150, 154, 163–4, 165, Feng Yunshan 103, 105 166, 172, 174, 182, 190, 216 Feng Yuxiang 182–3, 184, 188, 192, 194, Duke University 143 202–3, 207–8 Dulles, Allen 219 Fontanier, M.-H. V. 90 Dzungars, Dzungaria 34, 36, 191 Ford, Gerald 248 Four Treasuries (siku chuanshu) 36 East India Company 39–40, 42, 63, 70–2, France xiii, 72, 75, 78, 79, 82, 84, 85, 86, 73–6, 78, 79, 80, 102 88, 90, 91, 92–3, 95, 101, 102, 107, 109, education and schools 16, 26–7, 142, 155, 115, 117, 120, 121, 123, 139, 140, 153, 166–8, 173, 175, 182, 183, 186, 209, 160, 186, 195, 199, 209, 211, 246, 251, 210, 214, 219, 220–2, 224, 268; see also 258; Chinese laborers in 166, 167, 171, examinations 187, 267; Paris 93, 158, 226, 266 Eight Banners 10, 21, 24, 25, 26, 27, 30, Freeman, Charles W., Jr. 1 33, 49, 53–4, 55, 57, 58, 59, 63, 77, 80, Fujian province 49, 50, 51, 52, 64, 73, 87, 83, 85, 86, 104, 107, 112, 118, 137, 139, 113, 117, 137, 195, 200, 209; Fuzhou, 148, 149, 152, 164, 177–8; banner 80, 93, 118, 123, 134, 174, 187; livelihood 54; Chinese-martial 53, 177; Xiamen 80, 174, 258 niru 22; see also Manchus Eisenhower, Dwight David 226 Galdan 34 Eldemboo (Eledengbao) 21–2, 35, 36, 37, Gansu province 21, 34, 49, 68, 101, 38, 54, 58 119–20, 121, 191, 225–6, 231; Elliot, Charles 75–9 Jinjibao 119; Lanzhou 119 embassy system, “tribute system” Gao Yaojie 244–5 (zhigong) 37–9, 41, 55; kowtow 39, 41 Genghis Khan 23, 34 Empress Dowager Cixi: see Xiaoqin George, Henry 161 environmental deterioration 4, 5, 10, 29, Germany 92, 95, 137, 138, 140, 153, 160, 32, 49–50, 131, 224, 241–2, 243; 164, 166, 171, 187, 199, 201, 257–8, deforestation 50, 56, 223–4; endangering 267; Berlin 158; see also Prussia of African elephant 251 Gladstone, William 77 Epstein, Israel 217 Gorbachev, Mikhail 260, 261, 264 Esherick, Joseph 17 Gordon, Charles 115 Eulenberg, Friedrich Albrecht zu, 86 governors, imperial 30, 57, 64, 88, eunuchs 24, 59, 64, 124 107, 118, 123, 127, 133, 139, 142; 99781405160797_6_Index.indd781405160797_6_Index.indd 229797 112/2/20092/2/2009 77:40:03:40:03 PPMM 298 Index governors, imperial (Cont’d) Hebei province 13, 192; Dingzhou 13; military 150–1, 153–4, 164, Shanhai Pass 24, 66; Tangshan 253; 165, 167, 171, 181–5, 190, 191, Zhangjiakou 192 192, 235 Heilongjiang province 85, 147; see also Grand Canal xv, 61–2, 78, 81, 82, Northeast, the 107, 109, 130 Henan province 147, 223, 225–6, 244–5; Great Leap Forward xvi, 222–6, 227, 234, Luoyang 1–2, 3; Zhengzhou 109 237, 238, 250 Heshen 36, 42, 57, 58 Great Wall 23, 68, 196, 198 Himalayan Mountains 34, 68, 251 Greene, Bell d’Acosta 164 Hinton, Joan 217 Gromyko, Andrei 226 Hinton, William 218 Guangdong province 4, 5, 9, 10, 49, Ho Chi Minh 218 50, 53, 64, 82, 87, 98, 99, 102–3, Hong Renda 113 117, 136, 144, 148, 157, 171–2, Hong Renfa 113 173, 184, 185, 186, 188, 200, 204, Hong Ren’gan 100, 101, 103–4, 112, 215, 231, 246, 257; bendi 102; 113–16, 137 Dongzhou 5–6; Guangdong Hong Xiuquan 98, 103–5, 108, 110, Soviet 186–7; Haifeng 186; 112–16, 124 Huizhou 172; Humen 79; Jiaying 116; Hong Xuanjiao 98–9, 110 Niubailing 98; Pearl River or delta 49, Hongkong xv, xvii, 71, 77, 78, 80, 84, 94, 102; Quanbi 78, 79; Sanyuanli 79; 100, 104, 114, 135, 138, 149, 150, 158, Shantou 246, 258; Shenzhen 258; 160, 172, 195, 209, 260, 264, 266; Taishan 4, 14; Zhuhai 258; see also Legislative Council 250, 260 Canton Hou Dejian 265 Guangxi province 53, 82, 99, 102–5, household contract responsibility system 107, 114, 116, 126, 172, 184, (HCRS) 255, 267 188, 190, 231; Guangxi Soviet 187 Hsü, Immanuel 101 Guangxu emperor (Zaitian) xv, 91, 95, Hu Feng (Zhang Mingzhen) 221 119, 123, 124, 136–8, 140, 141, 158, Hu Hanmin 181, 185 159, 163 Hu Linyi 109,