MINNESOTA STATUTES 1988 MINNESOTA STATUTES 1988 Embracing laws of a general and permanent nature and certain other laws in force or to be in force after the 1988 regular session. Compiled, edited, and published by the Revisor of Statutes, State of Minnesota "Ai^y OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE STATE OF MINNESOTA Copyright © 1988 by the Office of the Revisor of Statutes, State of Minnesota. All Rights Reserved. MINNESOTA STATUTES 1988 Copyright© 1988 by the Office of the Revisor of Statutes State of Minnesota All rights reserved. No part of this set may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the revisor of statutes. Copyright is not claimed in the words of the law. Copyright is claimed in the compiled form of the words, the numbering, headnotes, footnotes, historical notes, tables, and the index. Minnesota Statutes may be purchased from: Documents Division Department of Administration 117 University Avenue Saint Paul, Minnesota 55155 The price indicated in the Notice To Users includes the entire set of Minnesota Statutes 1988 and its supplement to be published in 1989. Copies of individual volumes, including the court rules and index volumes, may be purchased separately while supplies are available. Copyright © 1988 by the Office of the Revisor of Statutes, State of Minnesota. All Rights Reserved. MINNESOTA STATUTES 1988 Ill Published by Steven C. Cross, Revisor of Statutes Edited by Marcia A. Waldron, Deputy Revisor Lorna M. Breiter Robert P. Kittel Assistant Deputy Revisor, Indexing Assistant Deputy Revisor, Text Diane E. Knowlton, Statutory Editing Supervisor Barbara J. Wills Assistant Statutory Editing Supervisor Attorneys Computer Coordination Harry M. Walsh, Deputy Revisor Bob McClung John C. Fuller, Assistant Deputy Revisor Clayton Larson Paul M. Marinac, Assistant Deputy Revisor Thomas M. Klein Craig E. Lindeke, Senior Assistant Revisor Shelly Britton David S. Niss, Assistant Revisor Wendy Nelson Janet C. Rahm, Senior Assistant Revisor Ron Ray, Assistant Revisor Assistant for Writing Paul E. Rohde, Senior Assistant Revisor Standards Richard J. Sands, Senior Assistant Revisor Maryann Corbett Kathleen Traxler, Assistant Revisor Supervisors Editorial Assistants Jacqueline Ahrens Cheryl Anderson Nancy Juarez C. R. Staeheli Keating Ann Biewen Nanette McGuigan Barbara Moehrle Jocelyn Collins Mary Peterson Martha Rhode Robyn Durum Mary Ryan Terese Ernst Marlene Schmugge Assistant Supervisors Cheryl Fedorchak Sharon Smith Stephanie Bachman Delores Gubash Anne Talsma Mary Kjos Linda Hemberger Sally Vierling Kathryn Maxson Kathy Jents Lupe Yanez Doug Strand Administrative Staff Legislative Aides Kathleen Coon Rosemary Geist Jeanne Cramsie Alonso McClung Linda Kippels Rob Soderstrom Leona Lewis Cynthia Spilleth Barbara Vail Curtis Zamec II Copyright © 1988 by the Office of the Revisor of Statutes, State of Minnesota. All Rights Reserved. MINNESOTA STATUTES 1988 IV REVISOR'S CERTIFICATE I, Steven C. Cross, am the revisor of statutes for the Minnesota Legislature. I certify that all sections printed in Minnesota Statutes 1988 that are derived from Minnesota Revised Statutes have been compared with the original sections in Minnesota Revised Statutes. All other sections have been compared with the original sections in the enrolled acts from which they were derived. All sections that have been amended have been compared with the enrolled acts amending them. All sections of Minnesota Statutes 1988 are correctly printed. STEVEN C. CROSS Revisor of Statutes Copyright © 1988 by the Office of the Revisor of Statutes, State of Minnesota. All Rights Reserved. MINNESOTA STATUTES 1988 TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME I Revisor's Certificate Table of Contents Preface Historical Documents Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Act to Establish the Territorial Government Act Authorizing a State Government Act of Admission into the Union Minnesota Revised Statutes Enactment University Charter Constitution of the United States Constitution of the State of Minnesota Analytical Table of Chapters of Minnesota Statutes Minnesota Statutes 1988, Chapters 1-56 VOLUME 2 Table of Contents Analytical Table of Chapters of Minnesota Statutes Minnesota Statutes 1988, Chapters 59A-114B VOLUME 3 Table of Contents Analytical Table of Chapters of Minnesota Statutes Minnesota Statutes 1988, Chapters 115-158 VOLUME 4 Table of Contents Analytical Table of Chapters of Minnesota Statutes Minnesota Statutes 1988, Chapters 160-240A VOLUME 5 Table of Contents Analytical Table of Chapters of Minnesota Statutes Minnesota Statutes 1988, Chapters 241-299J VOLUME 6 Table of Contents Analytical Table of Chapters of Minnesota Statutes Minnesota Statutes 1988, Chapters 300-364 Copyright © 1988 by the Office of the Revisor of Statutes, State of Minnesota. All Rights Reserved. MINNESOTA STATUTES 1988 TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME 7 Table of Contents Analytical Table of Chapters of Minnesota Statutes Minnesota Statutes 1988, Chapters 365-477A VOLUME 8 Table of Contents Analytical Table of Chapters of Minnesota Statutes Minnesota Statutes 1988, Chapters 480-648 VOLUME 9 Preface Rules Governing Criminal Matters General Rules of Procedure for the District Court Evidence Miscellaneous Rules District Court Special Rules County Court County Municipal Court Rules Family Court Rules Juvenile Court Rules Rules of Appellate Procedure Professional Rules for Attorneys and Judges VOLUME 10 Table I—Local and Special Acts Table II—Allocation of Acts Table III—Organization and Structure of State Government Table IV—Internal Cross-reference Table Table V—Statutory Authority for Administrative Rules Index Copyright © 1988 by the Office of the Revisor of Statutes, State of Minnesota. All Rights Reserved. MINNESOTA STATUTES 1988 PREFACE Copyright © 1988 by the Office of the Revisor of Statutes, State of Minnesota. All Rights Reserved. MINNESOTA STATUTES 1988 PREFACE I - THE OFFICE OF REVISOR OF STATUTES Minnesota Statutes 1988 is compiled, edited, published, and distributed by the state of Minnesota as required by law. The state has been performing similar work on predecessor publications since it was organized as a territory of the United States. The work began in 1851 when the legislature authorized the judiciary committees of the two houses to jointly compile and revise the laws of the territory of Minnesota. The committees appointed Morton S. Wilkinson, L.A. Babcock, and William Hol- combe, who were to assist them in their work. The work was completed and the compilation was enacted by the legislature. Wilkinson was then appointed commis­ sioner to superintend publication of the newly enacted compiled statutes. He published the compiled statutes together with explanatory notes, chapter analyses, and some textual alterations permitted by law. Seven years later, in 1858, a similar commission was set up to recompile the statutes. It consisted of Moses Sherburne, Aaron Goodrich, and William Hollinshead. Sherburne and Hollinshead later compiled and privately published the statutes. In 1863 another commission was established to revise the statutes. It consisted of S.J.R. McMillan, E.C. Palmer, Thomas Wilson, and Andrew G. Chatfield. Chatfield declined to serve, and in 1866 Gordon E. Cole was appointed to the commission. The new compilation, the work of Palmer and Cole, was presented to the legislature in 1866. It was enacted chapter by chapter, and Palmer was appointed commissioner to oversee its publication. The compilation was published with notes, tables, and indexes. The next official compilation was authorized in 1901 when the Supreme Court appointed Hiram F. Stevens, Daniel Fish, and T.J. Knox to a commission to recompile the statutes. Stevens later died and was succeeded by M.R. Tyler. The commission presented a report to the legislature in April 1905. It was adopted by the legislature and signed into law by the governor. The compilation, edited and annotated for the state by Mark B. Dunnell, was published in 1906 by the secretary of state. In 1911 the legislature authorized a commission consisting of the governor, the attorney general, and the chief justice to contract for the compilation and publication of the statutes. They made a contract with West Publishing Company, which published General Statutes of Minnesota 1913. The state again contracted for a private compila­ tion with the Review Publishing Company in 1923. Neither the 1911 nor the 1923 recompilation was enacted or otherwise approved by the legislature. The year 1939 marked an important change in the state's publication of its statutes. In that year, a law was enacted creating the Office of the Revisor of Statutes as a permanent agency under the jurisdiction of the Minnesota Supreme Court. The office was directed to prepare a new compilation to be called "Minnesota Statutes." In addition, the office was directed to engage in continual revision of the statutes. Continu­ al revision, carried out properly, makes periodic bulk revision unnecessary and avoids both the increasing difficulty of using a steadily older compilation and the destabilizing effect of a bulk change. The staff of the new office, under the direction of William B. Henderson, prepared and published Minnesota Statutes 1941. Because of problems in the text, it was not enacted. Rather, a new act in 1943 directed another revision. That work was completed, and a document entitled Minnesota Revised Statutes was filed with the secretary