Journey's End An adaptation of William Shakespeare's Twelfth Night Add a subheading The Atlanta Shakespeare Company Staff Cast & Artistic Director Jeff Watkins Creative Director of Education and Training Laura Cole Team Development Director Rivka Levin Director – J.L. Reed Education Staff Kati Grace Brown, Tony Brown, Andrew Houchins, Adam King, Playwright- Christopher Scott RushiNg Amanda Lindsey, Samantha Smith ActiNg CompaNy- Box Office Manager Becky Cormier Finch DestiNy FreemaN AaroN SchilliNg Marketing Manager Jeanette Meierhofer O'Neil DelapeNha Sarah Beth Hester Company Manager Joe Rossidivito UNderstudies- Unless otherwise noted, photos appearing in this study guide are TatyaNa ArriNgtoN courtesy of Jeff Watkins. Jacob McKee Joshua Goodridge Study guide by Samantha Smith and Kati Kat AltmaN Grace Brown Set DesigNer- ANdrew HouchiNs The Atlanta Shakespeare Company 499 Peachtree St NE Costume DesigNers- Atlanta GA 30308 Laura Cole aNd Kati Grace BrowN 404-874-5299 www.shakespearetavern.com Like the Atlanta Shakespeare Company on Facebook and follow ASC on Twitter at @shakespearetav. Photo Credit: NatioNal Portrait Gallery WILLIAM 2016 was the four huNdredth aNNiversary of Shakespeare's death, aNd SHAKESPEARE celebratioNs hoNoriNg Shakespeare (1564-1616) wrote thirty- Shakespeare's plays were popular with Shakespeare's coNtributioN seveN plays, which have become staples all types of people, iNcludiNg the two to literature took place of classrooms aNd theatre performaNces moNarchs who ruled ENglaNd duriNg his arouNd the world. across the world. lifetime: Elizabeth I (1533-1603) aNd James I (1566-1625). The soN of a glove-maker, Shakespeare was borN iN Stratford-upoN-AvoN, where he received a stroNg educatioN iN Shakespeare fouNd both artistic aNd co- LatiN aNd rhetoric at the local school. mmercial success through his writiNg. “He was not of an He married ANNe Hathaway iN 1582, He amassed a sizable fortuNe, acquired aNd they had three childreN: SusaNNa, valuable real estate iN Stratford, aNd age, but for all HamNet, aNd Judith. purchased a coat of arms, which gave time." him aNd his father the right be called By 1592, Shakespeare had jourNeyed geNtlemeN. Shakespeare was well-kNowN - Ben Jonson on to LoNdoN, where he became aN iN ENglaNd at the time of his death iN extremely successful playwright aNd Shakespeare actor iN the Lord ChamberlaiN's MeN. 1616, aNd his fame oNly iNcreased He profited from beiNg a shareholder iN followiNg the publicatioN of his plays iN the Globe after its coNstructioN iN 1599. The First Folio iN 1623. Shakespeare: Did You Know? Shakespeare's ReceptioN aNd Legacy While Shakespeare eNjoyed great popularity iN his time, he did Not escape some criticism. Robert GreeNe, a jealous coNtemporary writer, warNed Shakespeare’s fellow playwrights, Thomas Nashe, George Peele, aNd Christopher Marlowe, that Shakespeare “‘supposes he is well able to bombast out blaNk verse as the best of you; aNd...is iN his owN coNceit the oNly Shake-sceNe iN the couNtry’” (DuNtoN-DowNer 11). While Shakespeare received some criticism iN the followiNg ceNturies for the iNcoNsisteNt quality of his plays, most critics have looked oN Shakespeare very favorably. Similarly, while his popularity has riseN aNd falleN over the years, Shakespeare has beeN predomiNaNtly popular aNd well- loved by readers. Shakespeare was so popular iN certaiN eras like the VictoriaN era that critics came up with the word bardolatry to describe iNteNse admiratioN of Shakespeare. Shakespeare is proviNg very popular iN moderN times as well. His plays are performed across the world aNd they have beeN adapted iNto successful films Photo Credit: Folger Shakespeare Library aNd televisioN series. Shakespeare penned 884,647 words and 118,406 lines. Did Shakespeare write his owN plays? Yes. Over the years, people have made argumeNts that Shakespeare’s plays were actually writteN by Sir FraNcis BacoN, Christopher Marlowe, aNd Edward de Vere. However, scholars firmly believe that Shakespeare wrote his owN plays, citiNg at least fifty refereNces iN Photo Credit: SamaNtha Smith Photo Credit: British Library ElizabethaN aNd JacobeaN texts that coNNect Shakespeare to his plays. Scholars also cite the fact that Shakespeare's HaNdwritiNg Shakespeare's Last Wish the actors JohN HemmiNge aNd HeNry CoNdell, who put The oNly record that we have Shakespeare was buried iN 1616 at together the First Folio, aNd BeN JoNsoN, a of Shakespeare’s haNdwritiNg Holy TriNity Church iN Stratford. His coNtemporary playwright who wrote the dedicatioN of is a play script of Sir Thomas grave reads “Good frieNd for Jesus the First Folio, all credit Shakespeare with authorship of More (above), which sake forebeare, to dig the dust his owN plays. Shakespeare helped revise iN eNcloased here: blesete be [the] maN Did Shakespeare get aloNg with his wife? 1603. Shakespeare added at [that] spares these stoNes, aNd curst be least 147 liNes to the play. His he [that] moves my boNes” Probably, but we’ll Never kNow for sure. haNdwritiNg was Not ("Shakespeare FAQ"). However, a Shakespeare speNt a lot of time away from his wife, Necessarily bad but it is hard to receNt radar scaN suggests that ANNe, but that was because he Needed to speNd time decipher for moderN-day Shakespeare’s head might have beeN iN LoNdoN to build his career. IN his will, readers who are Not experts iN stoleN by grave robbers. Shakespeare left ANNe the family’s “‘secoNd best ElizabethaN paleography, the bed’” ("Shakespeare FAQ"), but he was Not sNubbiNg study of old haNdwritiNg. his wife because that bed would have beeN the oNe that he aNd ANNe shared. Understanding the Characters in Journey's End And their Twelfth Night counterpart Cora HyaciNthum (later disguised as Curio) is a freed slave aNd cook iN the UNioN Army. Viola (later disguised as Cesario) Olive is a wealthy, youNg, SoutherN womaN. Olivia, a NoblewomaN, beloved of OrsiNo, who mistakeNly falls iN love with Viola while she is iN disguise ColoNel TristaN is a UNioN Officer. OrsiNo, Duke of Illyria. James aNd BoNNie are resideNts of FaNNiN CouNty who aid BastioN ANtoNio, the pirate who aids SebastiaN. Tiberius is a wouNded UNioN Soldier who aids Cora after the traiN wreck. Ship CaptaiN who helps Viola after the ship wreck. ANdrew Yellowchik is a suitor to Olive. Sir ANdrew Aguecheek, the clowNish suitor to Olivia. Doctor Feste is a UNioN doctor who atteNds oN Curio aNd discovers the she is a womaN disguisiNg herself as a maN. Feste is Olivia's court jester who is also the first persoN to discover the disguise aNd attempts to heal the emotioNs of those arouNd him with music. BastiaN is Cora's twiN brother who becomes separated from her. SebastiaN is Viola's twiN brother who eNds up marryiNg Olivia. Mallery is a freed slave who coNtiNues to work for wages iN Olive's house. Malvolio is a servaNt iN Olivia's household, hated by his co-workers who play a trick oN him to make him believe Olivia is iN love with him. Understanding the plot of Twelfth Night Act ONe speak with the CouNtess aNd refuses to leave uNtil he is graNted aN OrsiNo, the Duke of Illyria, wallows iN his lovesickNess for the beautiful audieNce with her. Olivia reluctaNtly coNseNts to see the messeNger, CouNtess Olivia, elaboratiNg oN her maNy virtues aNd bemoaNiNg her aNd both she aNd Maria put oN black veils. hasty decisioN to shut herself away iN her house for seveN years to mourN the receNt death of her brother. Disguised as Cesario, Viola begiNs to give her speech praisiNg Olivia but, disiNcliNed to waste her speech oN a womaN who is Not Olivia, MeaNwhile, the survivors of a shipwreck have come oN shore iN Illyria. stops to beg Olivia to ideNtify herself. Olivia agrees to listeN to Viola, a well-to-do lady, worries over the fate of her beloved twiN Cesario’s message aloNe aNd eveN uNveils her face; Viola praises brother, SebastiaN. The captaiN of the ship comforts her, sayiNg that he Olivia’s great beauty while accusiNg her of beiNg too proud. After last saw SebastiaN swimmiNg ably above the waves before disappeariNg Olivia protests oNce agaiN that she caNNot love OrsiNo, Viola declares from view. The captaiN speaks about the court of Duke OrsiNo, aNd that she caNNot uNderstaNd Olivia’s deNial aNd delivers aN Viola determiNes that she will pose as a youNg maN aNd work as a page impassioNed speech of all that she would do to gaiN Olivia’s love if iN OrsiNo’s court. Viola's choice to preteNd to be a boy is fueled by her she loved her as much as OrsiNo does. Olivia is moved by the uNderstaNdiNg that a siNgle womaN without the protectioN of a male eloqueNce aNd ardor of Viola’s words aNd, full-heartedly believiNg family member iN a New laNd is a target for uNsolicited male atteNtioN Viola to be the male page Cesario, begiNs to develop a crush oN aNd eveN attack. “him.” Olivia repeats how she will Never love OrsiNo, aNd she asks Viola to returN the Next day to tell her about OrsiNo’s reactioN to her IN Olivia’s household, the boisterous Sir Toby is astouNded that his rejectioN. WheN Viola leaves, Olivia expresses her surprise iN her Niece, Olivia, plaNs to mourN her brother for such aN exteNded period of suddeN aNd iNteNse affectioN for Cesario. To eNsure that Cesario time. Maria, Olivia’s maid, admoNishes Sir Toby to be more respectful returNs, Olivia takes off oNe of her riNgs aNd orders Malvolio to of Olivia’s grief aNd to limit his seemiNgly uNeNdiNg partyiNg. Sir returN it to the youNg maN, explaiNiNg that Cesario gave it to her aNd Toby’s foolish aNd fuN-loviNg frieNd, Sir ANdrew, complaiNs that he has that Malvolio should iNstruct the page to returN to her house the Next beeN uNable to successfully woo Olivia aNd vows to leave, but Sir Toby day to learN the reasoNs why she will Not accept it.