ABPN 75th Anniversary Celebration Giants of Neurology Mark L Dyken, MD Professor Emeritus of Neurology Indiana University Medical School September 26, 2009 ABPN “NEUROLOGY GIANTS” (American Neurological Association & American Academy of Neurology” ANA Presidents 1. Lewis J. Pollock 1942 2. Edwin G. Zabriskie 1944 3. Henry W. Woltman 1950 4. Hans H. Reese 1953 5. Roland P . Mackay 1954 6. Percival Bailey 1955 7. Johannes M. Nielsen 1956 8. H. Houston Merritt 1957 AAN Presidents 9. Bernard J. Alpers 1959 1. Abe B. Baker* 1948-1951 10.RllDJRussell DeJong 1965 2. FiMFtFrancis M. Forster 1957-1959 11.Adolph L. Sahs 1968 3. Augustus S. Rose* 1959-1961 12.Augustus S. Rose 1969 4. Adolph L. Sahs* 1961-1963 13.Melvin D. Yahr 1970 5. Sidney Carter 1969-1971 14.Abe B. Baker 1971 *Also ANA ANA Vice Presidents 1. Louis Casamajor 1939 2. Frederich P. Moersch 1952 3. Alphonse Vonderahe 1955 4. Paul I. Yakovlev 1959 5. Charles Rupp 1960 6. Knox Finley 1963 7. Alexander T. Ross 1967 •M.D. 1906 College of Physicians and Surgeons •1909 -1948 New York Neurological Institute . Assistant Attending to Professor Emeritus. •Early interest in Child Neurology followed Bernard Sachs and was followed by Sidney Carter and then Darryl DeVivo •President of several psychiatric societies, but defensive about N before P in ABPN, •“Neurologists, you know, have much more reverence for the alphabet than psychiatrists have.” •"Personally I don't give a damn …” One of most colorful and the most controversial of all ABPN directors. ((yThe Lobotomist: by Jack El-Hai , Last Resort: Psychosurgery and Limits of Medicine by Pressman JD. ) “Aside from the Nazi doctor Josef Mengele, WlWalter Freeman rank s as th e most scorned physician of the twentieth century.” Jack El- Hai •1916 AB Yale University •1920 MD University of Pennsylvania •1921-1923 Pathology at U. of Pennsylvania •1923-1924 Neurology/Neuropathology in Paris, Rome, and Vienna . •PhD in 1931 Georgetown University 1924 to 1933 Director of laboratories St. Elizabeth’s Hosppgital, in Washington, D.C. •1926 to 1954, Professor and Chairman of Neurology at George Washington University. •1927 Secretary of AMA’s Section on Nervous and Mental Disease, chair 1931. •1944-1945 President of American Assoc. of Neuropathologists •Almost first president of the AAN Walter Jackson Freeman ABPN •Longest serving director (15 years), secretary (13 years), president in 1947 •Only one of the original neurology directors to serve as an officer. •As secretary of the board, set up examinations first given in 1935. He visited sites ensuring facilities and testing materials ready and recruiting examiners.. •“Wa lter. You are t he Amer ican Son o f a Bitc h o f Psyc hiatry and N eurol ogy, Emeritus.” Transorbital Lobotomy (Early) •1936 Freeman and Watts performed first lobotomy in U. S. •Many responded to point they could function outside institution. •Most of the leaders in field were early supporters, including Adolph Meyer. •1949 Egas Moniz. Portuguese neurologist, received Nobel Prize Transorbital Lobotomy (Late) •1954 Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) introduced. •Freeman continued flamboyantly. Two handed, stepping back for pictures •Zabriskie fainted after viewing a demonstration. •When stopped in 1967 he had performed 3,439 procedures •Stories about Frances Farmer are not true. Those about Rosemary Kennedy are. Jack El-Hai Summary and Title “…a maverick medical genius and his tragic quest to rid the world of mental illness” •1886 Born in Moscow, Russia •MD University of Illinois. Age 20 •Residency Montefiore Hospital NY, Chicago State Hospital and Kankakee State Hospital in Illinois. •1916 Faculty of Northwestern University •1926 Professor and Chair of Dept. of Nervous and Mental Diseases Northwestern •WW I in France obtained material for classic, "Peripheral Nerve Injuries,“ with Loyal Davis in 1933. •On ly ABPN direct or never certified. •1942 President of the ANA •MD 1897 L on g I sl an d Coll ege Hospital •Neurology in Paris and Berlin •1909 -1959 New York Neurological Institute. •World War I Battles of Chateau- Thierry, St. Mihiel, and Meuse- Argonne. Rank of Lieutenant Colonel •Early proponent of lobotomy until Freeman demonstration. •1946-1948 Acting director of Neurology •1944 President of ANA •1913 MD, 1917 PhD University of Minnesota •1917- 1964 Mayo Clinic •1930 Chair Section Neurology & Psychiatry,1946 separated sections. • Many contributions included: •Neurology of Pernicious Anemia •Kernohan or Kernohan- Woltman notch •Moersch-Woltman (stiff-man) syndrome •Woltman’s sign of myxedema •ElEarlyadtftllbtdvocate frontal lobotomy •1948 President of ARNMD •1950 President of ANA •Member Advisory Council of the NINDB The Leggyacy of Trac y J. Putnam and H. Houston Merritt: Modern Neurology in the United States By Lewis P. Rowland •1920 MD Harvard Medical School •Pathology (Johns Hopkins), Neurosurgery (Harvey Cushing), Neurology/Psychiatry (Stanley Cobb). •1924-1925 Moseleyyg Traveling Fellow in Holland •1934 Director Neurological Unit and Professor of Neurology Harvard Medical School. •1939 Director Neurological Institute of New York and Professor of Neurology & Neurosurggyery Columbia University •1947 Director of Neurological Service at Cedars of Lebanon Hospital in Los Angeles •Best known for work with H. Houston Merritt •Methods testing antiepileptic agents and Dippyyhenylhydantoin, 1st new anticonvulsant (1938) of the 20th century Tracy J Putnam •Significant studies on •Physiology of pituitary •Surgical treatment of hydrocephalus and dyskinesias •Invented several laboratory and neurosurgical instruments •Further defined chronic subdural hematoma, hydrocephalus and epilepsy LdLeadershi hiRlp Roles •1949 Testimony with others before Congress resulted in establishment of NINDB in 1950 •Editor-in-chief of the Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry (1935-1955) •A Founder and President (1941-1942) of the Cushing Society •First president (1943) of American Society for Psychosomatic Medicine •Chair (()1947) of Medical Advisory Board to the National Multiple Sclerosis Society •1924 MD Johns Hopkins at age 24 •1928-1931 Neurology Boston City Hospital •1930-1931 Neuropathology at the DthFDeutsche Forsc hungsans tltiMihtalt in Munich •1931-1944 Faculty Harvard Medical School •1938 With Putnam introduced Phenytoin •1944-1948 Chief of Service at MtfiHMontefiore Hosp itl&Pfital & Professor o f Clinical Neurology Columbia University. •1948-1968 Chair Department of Neurology at the College of Physicians and Surgeons and Director, Neurological Institute •1959-1970 Dean of the Faculty of Medicine H. Houston Merritt •At least 30 of his residents became Academic chairs •Wrote the classic Textbook of Neurology •Norms and deviations of cerebrospinal fluid •Correlation of clinical and CSF changes in neurosyphilis. •National Recognition and Honors (Selected examples) •National Advisory Council of the NINDB •Boards of numerous volunteer groups •Honorary memberships in medical societies around the world •Highest awards given by at least 10 professional societies and agencies •Honorary degrees from Harvard, New York Medical College, and Columbia. •President of the ABPN (1959), ANA (1957), ARNMD •Editor-in-Chief Archives of Neurology from 1962 to 1971. •Born Bordesholm, Holstein, Germany •1914-1917 Imperial German Navy WW I •1917 MD University of Kiel •1917-1919 Pathology & Int. Medicine U. of Hamburg •1919-1923 Neurology under Max Nonne •1924 Interest in Neurosyphilis led to Asst. Prof U. Wisconsin (Noguchi & Sachs) •1940 Chair of Neuropsychiatry •1956 First Chair Department of Neurology •MlMalar ia trea tmen t o f neurosyphilis •Other research interests included: multiple sclerosis, subacute combined degeneration of the cord , and insulin shock •President of ANA 1953 •Testified before Congress 1949 for NINDB Hans Reese Story Book Life •1912, World Champion German Soccer Team and Olympic Gold •Medical School interrupted by WW I •Battle of Jutland (Iron & Hanseatic Cross) •During World War II, U.S. Army & Navy cited his work as Combat Scientist •In 1963, German Cross of Merit for promoting German- American relations •First non-Japanese awarded an honorary degree byU. of Kyushu • DRDr. Reese ’b’s bravery was no tliitdtt limited to war an dthltid athletics •Forster describes 1954 ANA past president remarks •McCarthyism as a form of Nazism •Born in Aarslev, Denmark •U.S. at age 5 years. Father soon died •Worked through grade school •Not considered high school material •Apprenticed as a carpenter and at 17 was master carpenter, a construction foreman and expert in advanced mathematics •Passed high school examinations (expert in mathematics and fluent in 6 languages) •Pre-meddd dur ing n ig ht sc hoo l wor ke d during day •1919 MD with honors (Junior AOA) at University of Chicago despite •retinitis with macular involvement •Teaching mathematics and English at private school at night Johannes Nielsen •Residency Battle Creek Sanitarium and U. of Vienna with Otto Marburg. •1929 Private ppgypyyractice of neurology/psychiatry in Los Angeles •1931 Assoc. Professor of Neurology & Psychiatry at USC Chair 1945-1952, resigned opposed separation of psychiatry from neurology. •Numerous publications. Agg„p,pnosia„ Apraxia, Aphasia.: Their Value in Cerebral Localization (1936 & 1946) •A founder Society of Biological Psychiatry, President (1947-1948) •Fellow of the ACP, the APA and the AAN •President of ANA in 1955. •1919 MD & 1921 PhD at U. of Minnesota •1921 1st full time faculty in neurology at U. Minn. •1928 Neuropa tho logy /neuro logy Breslau and Munich •1929 Professor