THE UNIVERSAL DEITY KRISHNAM VANDE JAGADGURUM CURRENT PRACTICES FOR AUGMENTING LIVESTOCK PRODUCTIVITY IN ANDHRA PRADESH Dr. G. Vijaya Kumara Sarma, M.V.Sc., Deputy Director, State Animal Husbandry Training Centre, Mandapeta , East Godavari Dist. A.P. CATTLE POPULATION – WORLD SNO COUNTRY HEAD % OF TOTAL RANK 1 Brazil 211 Million 14.43% 1 2 India 189 Million 12.88% 2 3 China 113 Million 7.73% 3 4 USA 89 Million 6.08% 4 5 Ethiopia 54 Million 3.68% 5 6 Argentina 51 Million 3.48% 6 7 Sudan 42 Million 2.86% 7 8 Pakistan 38 Million 2.61% 8 9 Mexico 32 Million 2.21% 9 10 Australia 29 Million 2.00% 10 Source: FAO Statistics 2015 LIVESTOCK POPULATION – A.P SNO LIVESTOCK POPULATION (Lakhs) POSITION 1 Poultry 1005.80 1 2 Sheep 210.15 1 3 Buffalo 107.68 2 4 Goat 64.27 7 5 Cattle 94.24 8 6 Pig 5.49 8 LIVESTOCK BREEDS IN A.P • The State has the world famous • Ongole Cattle • Punganur Cattle • Nellore breed of sheep and • Aseel breed of poultry- OTHER LIVESTOCK BREEDS • Cattle Breeds • INDIGENOUS • Deoni • Hallikar • Non-Descript • CROSSBRED • Jersey • HF • Buffalo Breeds • Murrah • Non-Descript AGRO CLIMATIC ZONES & CROPS GROWN IN AP FEED & FODDER RESOURCES AVAILABILITY (VS) REQUIREMENT (MT) S.NO DISTRICT AVAILABILITY REQUIREMENT BALANCE 1 Ananthapuramu 1,783.2 3,947.5 -2,164.3 2 Chittoor 1,283.7 4,153.8 -2,870.1 3 East Godavari 2,475.1 5,933.6 -3,459.0 4 Guntur 3,812.4 7,798.5 -3,986.1 5 Kadapa 1,347.9 4,112.6 -2,764.7 6 Krishna 3,245.3 6,754.6 -3,509.3 7 Kurnool 2,786.5 4,100.0 -1,313.5 8 Nellore 1,987.6 3,976.1 -1,988.5 9 Prakasam 1,963.4 8,432.7 -6,469.3 10 Srikakulam 1,120.8 3,198.6 -2,077.8 11 Vishakhapatnam 876.7 2,987.6 -2,110.9 12 Vizianagaram 1,241.8 2,099.4 -857.6 13 West Godavari 3,045.3 4,440.2 -1,394.9 RAIN FALL IN ANDHRA PRADESH MILK PRODUCTION SCENARIO – WORLD • INDIA –WORLD’S LARGEST MILK PRODUCER (21%) MILK PRODUCTION SCENARIO – INDIA • UP > Rajasthan > Madhya Pradesh > Andhra Pradesh. AP stands at 4th Place. MILK PRODUCTION SCENARIO Top 5 states in India (2017-2018) S.NO STATE % MILK MILK CB COWS AVG MILK ND COWS AVG MILK BUFFALOES AVG SHARE IN PRODUCTION (000S) YIELD/D (000S) YIELD/D (000S) MILK INDIA (MMTS) (IN KG) (IN KG) YIELD/ 2017-18 D (IN KG) 1 UP 16.5 29.0 1358.38 7.24 5079.79 3.02 11308.97 4.49 2 Rajasthan 12.7 22.4 752.30 8.26 3342.06 4.89 4919 6.61 3 MP 8.3 14.7 543.74 8.42 5283.10 2.84 4193 4.46 4 AP 7.8 13.7 943.36 9.4 1115.53 3.4 3398 7.34 5 Gujarat 7.7 13.6 973.36 9.13 1945.9 4.3 3782 5.2 MILK PRODUCTION SCENARIO – A.P • Krishna > SPSR Nellore > East Godavari > Chittoor > Kadapa GROWTH OF LIVESTOCK SECTOR IN A.P. LIVESTOCK – ANDHRA PRADESH • SF, MF, AL & Landless Poor owns 70 % Livestock & contribute 62% of Milk Production. • Women constitute 60% of Livestock Work force. • Rural Shepherds own90% of Sheep Population • Piggery -Monopoly of weaker sections. • Livestock Sector-Key for Socio-Economic change • Recurrent Droughts- Transform the farmers to Livestock Dependency as the alternative income generation and livelihood source. COST OF REARING A CATTLE/DAY • Cost of the Murrah Buffalo:Rs:80,000/- • Milk Yield: 12 Lts /Day. • Lactation Length: (10)Months & Lactation Yield 3600 Lts • • Milk yield per day = 12 Lts/day. • Cost for production of 12 Lts = 310/day; • Cost of production of (1) Lt of Milk= 310/12 = 25.83 = Rs 26/- with7% Fat • Milk sale Price = 50/Lt/10% Fat. • Total Income generated = 12X35=Rs:420 • Net Profit = Rs. 420-Rs.310=Rs.110/day/Buffalo ECONOMICS OF MANAGEMENT • Cattle with less than 10 Lts Milk Yield are non-profitable. • Cattle with 10 Lts MY only are recommended for Induction • Cost of Production of one Liter of Milk – Rs 26/- • Sale Price of One Lts of Milk with 10 % Fat – Rs 50-60/- • Sale Price of One Lts of Milk with 7 % fat – Rs 35-40/- • Sale Price of 10 Lts of Milk with 7% Fat – Rs 350-400- • The Net Profit is Rs 90-140/day.( Average Rs:115/-) • The Realistic income /Day/Animal= Rs:50-100/-Only. ECONOMIC LOSS OF OESTRUS CYCLE • Reasons for Loss of Oestrus Cycle are • Sub estrum • Silent Heat • Missed Heat • An-Ovulatory Heat • Failure of Estrous Detection • Untimely Insemination • Average Length of Oestrus cycle - 21 days • Average maintenance cost of animal – Rs 150-300/day ( Depends on Lactation Stage and Milk Production). • By any one of the above reasons, Loss of one Oestrus Cycle will curse the purse of the Farmer to the tune of Rs 3000-6000/- IMPACT OF ANOESTRUM ASSUMPTIONS & PRESUMPTIONS • CONSIDERING A VILLAGE SCENARIO ….., Livestock Population : 1000 Breedable Population @60% : 600 Animals in Milk @60% of Breedable : 360 Average production of One animal/day@7% fat : 10 lts Market price of the milk : 35 Rs (@Rs50/10%fat) Lactation period : 305 days Total cost of milk/Animal(35*10*305) : 1,06,750 Post Lactation Cost of the calf : 10 – 20 Thousands (Female) : 5 – 8 Thousands (Male) • In that village among the 240 Breedable Cattle, Consider/Assume that 50% are Pregnant & Dry and other 50% are Dry & Non-Pregnant • 120 are Dry & Non-Pregnant • 40% of Population are juvenile, Senile & Pre Pubertal Heifers * IMAGINE…….!!!!? WHAT’S THE EXPENDITURE ON OWNING & REARING THE UNPRODUCTIVE ANIMALS ? ECONOMICS IN CATTLE MANAGEMENT (Expenses/Animal/Day) • Cost of Green Fodder : 25*2 = 50Rs • Cost of Dry Fodder : 10*2 = 20 Rs • Cost of Concentrates : 1*20 = 20 Rs • Miscellaneous Costs : 30 = 30 Rs ( Water, Electricity, Labour, Interest on capital, Insurance Premium Transport and Medical expenses Etc.,) Total cost (Per animal/Day) = 120Rs = 3600/Month If, the ICP is 15 Months 3600*15= 54,000/- REVENUE LOSS TO THE VILLAGE: For 120 Animals 120*54,400/-=64,80,000/- WHO & HOW WHO IS RESPONSIBLE WHO SHOULD BE BLAMED WHO PLAYS THE ROLE WHO IS THE CURSER HOW THE VILLAGES BE FLOURISHED WHERE FROM THE ANIMAL PROTIEN COMES ? PARTNERS FOR VILLAGE PROSPERITY • Government – Framing policies for socio-economic upliftment • AH Department- plans and schemes to suit the needs with • timely inputs • Veterinarian –Proactive approach and implementation of schemes • Farmer – Proper utilisation of schemes and feedback IF CONCEPTION RATE IS ENHANCED BY 1% • 10 Animals will become Pregnant • Daily Milk yield @ 10 Lts/Animal*10=100lt • Assume domestic consumption 15%(1.5lts) • Marketable Milk =@8lts*10=80Lts • Daily income @7% fat =8*35*10= Rs:2800 • Monthly Village income = 2800*30= Rs:84,000/ • Calf Crop @ 1:1 ratio=5 Females& 5 Males 5Females=Rs:50,000/- 5 Males =Rs:25,000/- Total lactation income including calves =Rs:84,000+50,000+25,000=1,59,000/- PROSPECTS OF CONCEPTION • One Animal Becoming Pregnant : HAPPINESS OVER ASSURED INCOME One Family can get Livelihood for (10)Months Recycling of Future Progeny Availability of Unadulterated Animal protein Enhanced conception leads to more milk outlets Cash flow increases Decrease in Slaughter Rate Reasonable prices of Replacement stock Respect & Regard to Vet will be Upheld Departmental Credibility enhanced IDEAL REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS • FAO recommendations for a Profitable dairy (Cattle) • Age of Maturity:: 18 months • Age at First Calving ::20 to 30 months • Herd Conception Rate ::65 to 70 % • No. of A.I/Conception( AI Index) ::1.3 to 1.7 • Calving Interval (ICI):: • 12 to 13 M (Cattle) & 14-18 M (Buffaloes) • Pregnancy Rate ::80% • Calving Rate ::75 % • Calving to Conception Interval (Service Period)::60 to 90 days • Average Lactations /Cow ::4 • Infertility to be Less than 10 % • Abortions less than 3% . • THESE STANDARDS ARE NOT EASILY ATTAINABLE IN PRACTICE UNDER THE DIVERSIFIED SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS OF THE LIVESTOCK FARMERS BESIDES SEASONAL VARIATIONS & IMBALANCED NUTRITION. BEST PRACTICES IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY PROBLEMS & INITIATIVES SNo PROBLEM INITIATIVE /SCHEME 1 Control Calf Mortality SUNANDINI Optimal Growth Rate (A Calf Rearing Programme) Promote Recycling Stock Early Maturity 2 Flushing Ration Transition Cow Management Uphold Milk Production KSHEERA SAAGAR Over-Come Peri-Partum Conditions (Care of Pregnant & Lactating Animal) PROBLEMS & INITIATIVES SNo PROBLEM INITIATIVE /SCHEME 3. Round the year fodder availability OPGK Maintenance &Production Needs (Oorura Pasu Graasa Kshetraalu) Enhanced Ruminal Performance MPGK Augmenting FCR SILAGE Fodder Conservation to meet the (Commercial Sales ) scarce/Lean Conditions (Mega Pasu Graasa Kshetraalu) 4. Awareness on concentrate feeding TMR Balancing Maintenance & Production (Total Mixed Ration ) Requirements DAANAAMRUTAM Energy & Protein Inputs Ration Balancing Programme (RBP) 5. Minimizing the Feed Expenses AZOLLA Natural Protein Supplementation HYDROPONICS Landless Cultivation Alternative & Substitutes PROBLEMS & INITIATIVES SNo PROBLEM INITIATIVE /SCHEME 6. Basic Need For Sheltering GOKULAM Protection From Rains & Winds ( Two ,Four & Six Animal Proper Ventilation &Flooring Designs ) 7. BREED IMPROVEMENT FOR AUGMENTING MILK APLDA PRODUCTION DLDA Upgrading Cross breeding 8. Conservation & Propagation of Native Breeds Sexed Semen Technology Promotion of Organic Farming ETT IVF NKBC at Chintaladeevi Incentives For Transport & Insurance 9. Identification of Animals For Health & Productivity INAPH 10. Promotion of Small Ruminants SHEEP Enhanced Meat Production Integrated Farming Practices RAM LAMB Units PROBLEMS & INITIATIVES S.No PROBLEM INITIATIVE /SCHEME 11 Additional Income Through Backyard Poultry MANAKODI Women Empowerment Integrated Farming 12 Animal welfare and social security for livestock e- Pragati owners 13 Prevention and control measures for animal health Deworming & welfare Vaccination Surveillance 14 Minimizing fodder wastage Chaff cutters Maximizing the fodder utility Enhancing FCR 15 Clean