MMD2D501 - 2D DRAWINGS CONCEPTION REQF Level: 5 Learning hours: 120 Sector: ICT Sub-sector: Multimedia LU1: CREATE BASIC DRAWINGS The basic drawing techniques When drawing, the following drawing instruments are available: point, line, area, and the tonal values (light and dark). These drawing instruments are used to create a drawing using the appropriate drawing technique and the appropriate drawing tool. The different drawing techniques: • the line • hatching • smudging 1.1: Apply line drawing techniques Point and line are the basic drawing instruments. The line marks the outline of a motif. It is used as a basic technique for drawing, to represent the boundaries and the outline of objects. The most commonly drawing tools to use are pencil or graphite pen, ink pen, charcoal and crayons. thin horizontal vertical zigzag diagonal curly spiral Drawing technique - hatching The hatching is a classic drawing technique which makes it possible to draw and form the surfaces of a motif. Various effects can be achieved with the hatching technique. A good spatial effect results from the hatching, as well as different plastically representation of the motif is created. Thin lines are drawn in the drawing technique "hatching". The direction of the lines usually runs at an oblique angle to the primary outline. In the case of a pure drawing, these shading must not be drawn too tightly, or even be smudged. Stippling is the creation of a pattern simulating varying degrees of solidity or shading by using small dots. Such a pattern may occur in nature and these effects are frequently emulated by artists. A circle of a sphere is a circle that lies on a sphere. Such a circle can be formed as the intersection of a sphere and a plane, or of two spheres. A circle on a sphere whose plane passes through the center of the sphere is called a great circle; otherwise it is a small circle. Smudging Technique When smudging, Smudging Technique When smudging, a hatched area is blurred with a finger or a wipe tool. This makes it possible to create very smooth surfaces and tone Having a good understanding of geometric-shapes and forms and observing them in what you are trying to draw, helps your understanding of the structure of what you are observing. You can find these basic shapes in most everything you will be draw from observation, weather a mechanical object or organic object in nature .V One of the most fundamental principles of drawing is the process of shading. If we are to create the illusion of form and light within a scene, then we must be able to shade forms accurately. Shapes are defined as enclosed lines. Most of us are very familiar with geometric shapes - circle, square, triangle, etc Form is the physical volume of a shape and the space that it occupies. 1.3 . Apply drawing values The lighting techniques in drawing Lights Setting or source of lights -Highlights -Reflected light Darkness Setting Shadows -Core of shadow -Cast shadow 1.4: Apply space making techniques When it comes to drawing and painting, it is important for artists to be able to create the illusion of space on a 2D surface. In reality, all realistic or representational art is dependent on creating an illusion. If creating realistic art is what you're after, then having the ability to create the illusion of space on a 2D surface is a skill that you need to master. There are a few tricks that you can use to create the illusion of space. In this free drawing lesson, we examine six ways to create the illusion of space on a 2D surface. Use them together to maximize the illusion. There are Six Ways to Create the Illusion of Space 1. Linear Perspective - By using either 1 point perspective, 2 point perspective, or 3 point perspective, an artist can create the illusion of space. Linear perspective is a drawing method that uses lines to draw objects in space. 2. Overlapping - When one object is positioned in front of another object, part of the object behind it may be blocked from view. This is called overlapping. Example of overpping 3. Size - Objects that are closer to a viewer appear larger than objects that are further off in the distance. 4. Placement on the Surface - Generally, objects that are positioned lower on the picture plane will appear closer than objects that are positioned higher on the picture plane. 5. Before you start drawing or painting in Photoshop Elements, you may want to change your color to something other than the default black. There are two overlapping color swatches at the bottom of the Tools panel. These two swatches represent two categories of color: foreground and background. Here’s a quick look at how they work with different tools: When you add type, paint with the Brush tool, or create a shape, you’re using the foreground color. On the background layer of an image, when you use the Eraser tool, or when you increase the size of your canvas, you’re accessing the background color. When you drag with the Gradient tool, so long as your gradient is set to the default, you’re laying down a blend of color from the foreground to the background. Colour and Value Objects that are closer to a viewer appear darker in value and warmer in colour. Objects that are further away appear lighter in value and cooler in colour. 6. Detail - Objects that are closer appear more detailed than objects that are further away. 1.5. Make proportion and composition 1. application of golden mean techniques a. A golden rectangle can be constructed with only a straightedge and compass in four simple steps: • Draw a simple square. • Draw a line from the midpoint of one side of the square to an opposite corner. • Use that line as the radius to draw an arc that defines the height of the rectangle. • Complete the golden rectangle. b. Fibonacci sequence theory Fibonacci sequence The Fibonacci sequence is a set of numbers that starts with a one or a zero, followed by a one, and proceeds based on the rule that each number (called a Fibonacci number) is equal to the sum of the preceding two numbers. If the Fibonacci sequence is denoted F (n), where n is the first term in the sequence, the following equation obtains for n = 0, where the first two terms are defined as 0 and 1 by convention: F (0) = 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34 ... Is 0 a Fibonacci number? In mathematics, the Fibonacci numbers, commonly denoted Fn form a sequence, called the Fibonacci sequence, such that each number is the sum of the two preceding ones, starting from 0 and 1. ... In some books, and particularly in old ones, F0, the "0" is omitted, and the Fibonacci sequence starts with F1 = F2 = 1. Fibonacci Sequence 1. The 2 is found by adding the two numbers before it (1+1) 2. The 3 is found by adding the two numbers before it (1+2), 3. And the 5 is (2+3), 4. and so on! c. golden spiral In geometry, a golden spiral is a logarithmic spiral whose growth factor is φ, the golden ratio. That is, a golden spiral gets wider (or further from its origin) by a factor of φ for every quarter turn it makes. d. rule of thirds techniques Rule of Thirds The Rule of Thirds is a common technique for achieving balance in your composition. If you subdivide your photo into thirds both vertically and again horizontally, you’ll wind up with an evenly spaced grid. The sections where lines cross are points of interest. These points are where you want to place your subject, parts of the image where you want attention to be drawn or show points of activity. Rarely will you use all four points – many times one or two – but this is what creates balance in your composition. 1. How to draw a head: 8 common angles or Selection of angles The angles you’ll encounter the most as a story artist are: • Profile • Straight on • Up • Up three-quarters • Down • Three-quarters • Down three-quarters • Rear three-quarters • You will find yourself returning to these angles over and over again, so it’s good to know them well enough that you can whip them out with your eyes closed. Any angle that’s not covered here can be interpolated with some in-betweening. • Commit these eight angles to memory, and start breaking down the head into simple shapes 01. Profile When drawing a head from profile, start by arranging your two basic shapes so that they roughly resemble the angle you’re looking for. Once you have a good approximation of the relationships between the shapes, you can start building the rest of your drawing from that foundation. 02. Straight on The straight-on is probably the angle we’re most familiar with, as it is the angle at which we see and interact with most people in real life. Still, breaking it down into the basic shapes of a sphere and pyramid will help you maintain the proper proportions and relationships throughout the face. 03. Up This is a difficult angle to visualise because we rarely see people from this vantage point. In fact, this was the angle I had the most trouble with when I was a young artist. However, breaking the head down into these two simple shapes will make this angle less intimidating. 04. Up three-quarters This is a very common angle, as many heroic shots are framed from this vantage point.