Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48151-9 — Orthodox Judaism and the Politics of Religion Daniel Mahla Index More Information Index acculturation, 225N76 Palestine, 62–64, 72, 96, 109, activism, social and political 116–17, 128–29, 134, 148, 182–83 as source for political authority, 17–19, attitudes toward secular Jews, 5, 32–39, 97, 41, 49, 62 16–17, 47, 53, 70, 73, 109, 117, blending of Zionist activism and 130, 134, 139, 166, 180, 182–84, Orthodoxy, 59, 92, 95, 99, 139, 189 193 definition of, 215N32 attitudes towards partition of Palestine, dispute over, 66, 86 148, 150, 196 ideological significance of, 11–13, cooperation with Arab leaders, 148, 24–25, 38, 209N49, 216N32 171, 225N71, 241N48 Mizrahi as platform for, 5, 11–13, 27, cooperation with Jewish Agency, 92, 30, 34, 38, 97, 134, 139, 144 96–97, 149, 160, 162, 169, 171, nationalist, 9, 36, 59, 113 252N1 of the ideological settlement movement, cooperation with Mizrahi in Israel, 190 196–97 opposition to, 16, 36, 40–41, 42–48, cooperation with Mizrahi in Palestine, 59 141, 154–56, 159 outside of community structures, 28 cooperation with Mizrahi in Polish and rabbinic authority, 17–19, 37, 41, kehillot and Sejm, 82, 237N139 49, 62, 73, 99–100 cooperation with ZO, 8, 63–65, 95, and the Orthodox establishment, 105, 116–29, 134, 138, 141, 149, 24–25, 37, 39–49, 73, 92, 119, 134 159–60, 162, 169 admor (hassidic grand rabbi), see hasidism cultural differences among members of, Agudat Yisrael 10, 56–58, 204N16, 221N14, and agreement with Jewish Agency on 225N76, 225N78, 248N41 immigration certificates, 96–97, 171 debates about merger with Mizrahi, as a counter-movement to Zionism, 5–7, 51–52, 59, 63–64, 144, 161, 16–17, 52, 55, 64, 66–73, 134, 173, 196 193 and discussions about joining as a mass organization, 4–5, 42, 55–58, 71 government of Jewish state, 147, as supra-regional organization, 3–4, 181, 196 10, 12, 55–56 and discussions about joining the attempts to establish Agudah as the Jewish Agency, 105, 117–19, 125, representative of Orthodox Jews in 133, 146, 171, 249N54 296 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48151-9 — Orthodox Judaism and the Politics of Religion Daniel Mahla Index More Information Index 297 dynamics with Mizrahi, 5, 15–20, 52, self-depiction of, 10, 12, 42–46, 48–49, 73, 77–78, 85, 87, 100–2, 106–7, 88 129–30, 140, 154, 159–60, 182, and settlement in Palestine, 26, 54–56, 193–97 58–60, 62–63, 67, 72, 84, 92–95, 99, and emigration to Palestine, 92–103, 105, 108, 110, 116–17, 135, 148 171 and similarities to early religious first world congress of (1923), 46, Zionism, 134, 154 66–67 social discrepancies among its founding of, 3–5, 13, 41, 46, 51–52, members, 15, 140–41, 183, 210N59, 55–60, 66 248N41 and hasidism, 42, 78–79, 87, 91, 96, and struggle for rabbinic posts, 32–34, 204N16, 206N31, 231N75, 79, 88, 100, 102 232N84 tensions between leaders in Palestine, ideological platform of, 13, 15, 42, 63, 141, 155 67, 69, 72, 77–78, 84, 91–92, 95, 99, tensions between religious elite and 106, 108–9, 130–31, 139–40, 149, political leadership, 5, 41, 46–48, 52, 152, 154–57, 170, 172–74, 208N44 56–58, 59–60, 115, 220N12 in Polish parliament, 43–45, 79 tensions with youth, 18, 47, 64, 94–95, in tripartite relationship with Mizrahi 98, 101, 137 and ZO, 15–16, 97, 107, 116–21, third world congress (1937), 148 132, 146–54, 157, 159 and ties with Polish authorities 82–83 and integration into New Yishuv and Al-Husseini, Mohammed Amin, 122, 128, Jewish State, 141, 160, 170, 180, 243N73 183–85, 193, 197 aliyah (emigration to Palestine) and Jewish statehood, 15, 67, 71–72, debates concerning, 77, 84, 92–103, 78, 103, 134, 146–48, 150, 155, 142, 148, 156, 164–70, 184 170–72, 196, 255N49, 256N56, and education/absorption of 256N57 immigrants, 164–70, 176, 182–83 negotiations regarding cooperation and effects on party strength in Poland, with Mizrahi, 5, 59, 63, 66, 101–2, 93–94 131–44, 156–57, 168, 175 emigration certificates to Palestine, 14, and negotiations with British, 63, 96, 92–103 128, 129, 148, 152 ideological significance of, 37–39, 84, and new generation of party activists, 92–93, 98, 184, 216N50 44–45, 219N82 and mass immigration in the late 1940s and Old Yishuv, 62, 63, 84, 92, 95, and early 1950s, 14, 174 106, 108–10, 115, 130 political significance of, 37–39, 77, 84, outlook on social and political 97–99, 106, 116, 129, 133, 142, activism, 5, 12–13, 39–49, 73 165, 168–69, 171–72, 174, 184 and political strength in Palestine, 14, Alter, Abraham Mordechai (Gerer Rebbe), 109–10, 129–30 40, 79, 92, 96, 135, 206N31, and political strength in Poland, 13, 79, 222N36, 240N46, 248N45 82, 95, 102 Amiel, Moses Avigdor and rabbinic authority, 17–20, 41, and Mizrahi platform, 13, 131–36, 139 46–49, 56–60, 73, 86, 88, 89, and non-Zionist Orthodoxy, 17, 99–100, 115, 129, 139, 171, 132–34, 141, 142, 144, 165, 178–79, 184, 192, 211N72 246N18 and relations with Revisionist Zionism, and women’s enfranchisement, 112, 149 239N32 second world congress (1929), 68, 126, Amsterdam, 64, 120, 239N32 233N57, 224N63 anti-religious coercion, 164–66, 175 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48151-9 — Orthodox Judaism and the Politics of Religion Daniel Mahla Index More Information 298 Index Arab population of Palestine and the Jewish state, 147, 155–56, 1929 uprising, 107, 121–23, 126–27, 251N79 129, 130, 211N66, 243N70, 243N73 and the partition of Palestine, 150 Arab Revolt (1936), 16, 132, 147, 153 Bnei Brak, 1, 2, 6, 158, 196 Jewish-Arab relations, 16, 93–94, 107, Bratislava, 63, 65 121–23, 125–27, 129, 130, 132, Breuer, Isaac 147, 153, 171, 191, 234N96 and Agudah philosophy, 13, 68–70, political parity of Jews and Arabs, 225N71, 149–51, 154 and Mizrahi, 142, 155, 248N40 Arab-Israeli War (1948), 214N18 and PAY, 140–41 Arlosoroff, Haim, 95 and the constitution of the Jewish state, Aseifat ha-Nivharim (“Assembly of 251N79 Representatives in Palestine”), 121, and the political elite, 58, 171 123, 129 Breuer, Raphael, 58, 72 Ashkenazic Jewish Community Council of Breuer, Solomon 5, 41, 56–60, 220N12 Jerusalem (Ashkenazic Council), British White Paper of 1939, 156 108, 110–11 Brodt, Samuel, 64, 76, 142, 157 Assembly of Mizrahi Rabbis in Poland Brubaker, Rogers, 9–10 (AMR), 90–91 Bublick, Gedaliah, 117 assimilation, 10, 65, 113, 230N46 Bund, General Jewish Labor, 11–13, 76, 79, Atlit, 158, 164, 174 81–82, 93, 209N49, 215N36 Austrittsorthodoxie (see secessionist Orthodox communities) Canada, 32 Caplan, Kimmy, 262N13 Bacon, Gershon, 211N63, 211N73, Carlebach, Emmanuel, 78 212N75, 226N79, 231N77 Chief Rabbinate of Palestine/Israel, 119, Bad Homburg, 55 128, 196, 241N56, 254N33, Balfour Declaration, 62, 69, 107 255N45 Bardt, Ahron, 75 Christianity, 81, 124, 212N77, 212N78, Barth, Lazarus, 146 262N16 Basel, 4, 58 civil rights, 10, 71, 206N33, 226N83 Bauer, Zeev, 237N4, 249N47 civil service for religious women Beit Yaakov schools, 67, 179, 224N61 (see women) Ben-Gurion, David, 149, 153, 171, 174–78, Cohen, Asher, 264N24 181, 186–87, 192, 250N65, 258N99 Cohen, Hillel, 122 Ben-Tzvi, Isaac, 177 community ordinances, Palestine, 110–11, Bennett, Naftali, 186, 188–89, 191–92, 117, 119 260N3, 264N24, 264N25 Constituent Assembly, Israeli, 6, 173 Berlin (Bar-Ilan), Meir constitution of a Jewish state, 143, 152, and Agudah, 4, 51–59, 98, 141–43, 156, 155, 156, 173 162–63, 220N1, 248N38, 255N44 Council of Torah Sages, Agudat Yisrael and Palestine, 75, 98, 152, 244N85 and heightened rabbinic authority, and ZO, 140, 153, 162–63, 244N96 17–19, 46–48, 88 Bidziński, Betzalel, 154, 169 and religious Zionism, 89–91, 99, 118, Blau, Amram, 110, 123, 238N15 132, 142–44 Blau, Moses and cooperation with ZO, 117–18, and Arab violence, 126 241N49, 255N43 and cooperation with ZO, 123–24, and Orthodox unity, 5, 18, 47–48, 49, 162, 241N56 219N85 and Mizrahi, 142–43, 155–56, 162 and political leadership, 17, 47, 56–57, 177 and Old Yishuv, 140, 171 Cracow, 133, 135, 138–39, 179 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48151-9 — Orthodox Judaism and the Politics of Religion Daniel Mahla Index More Information Index 299 crown rabbi, 222N31, 230N50 Engel, David, 226N81 cultural autonomy, Jewish, 9, 71, 81 enlightenment, Jewish (Haskalah), 8, 35, 40 culture, modern Hebrew, 4, 8, 26, 58–59, ethnicity, 8–11, 67, 70–71, 78, 111, 119, 95, 102, 169 155, 188, 205N18, 205N25, 206N28, 207N35, 225N78, daat Torah (“knowledge of Torah,” 262N15 doctrine), 19, 47, 49, 89, 179, 192, exile (galut), 69, 71, 172, 225N69 212N75, 219N90 extremism, religious, 19–20, 36, 57, 106, 114, Daf Yomi (“Daily Page”) project, 67–68, 124, 129, 151, 184–85, 237N3, 224N68 255N44 Danzig, 50, 74, 75, 103 De Haan, Israel, 241N48 Fahen, Ruben, 36 Declaration of Independence, Israeli 172 Farbstein, Joshua Heshel, 11, 75, 90–91, Defense Service Law 1949, 1, 6, 176 100–1, 125, 146, 231N67, Degel Yerushalayim (“Flag of Jerusalem,” 237N134 political party), 240N40 Federbush, Simon, 75, 232N78 Dowty, Alan, 265N37 Feige, Michael, 190 Dubin, Mordechai, 43 Feuchtwanger, David, 30 Dushinski, Joseph Tzvi, 155–56, 248N45, Feuchtwanger, Jacob, 59–60 251N80 Finkelman, Yoel, 265N33 Dynner, Glenn, 10, 102, 209N54, Folkist Party, 11, 81 226N88 France, 9, 29 Frankfurt am Main, 53–54, 56–58, 68, education 204N16 and activism, 12, 28–30, 41, 96–98, Freie Vereinigung für die Interessen des 161–64, 169, 191, 194, 236N126 orthodoxen Judentums (Association and Agudah, 12, 14, 41, 43, 67, 79,