Summary of the report : Onboard employment Socio-economic impact of a sustainable fisheries model. greenpeace.es Index Introduction 3 Methodology 5 Sustainable fisheries model 7 Supporting low scale sustainable fisheries Phasing out of destructive fishing technique Extending the network of marine reserves Moving towards converting deep sea fishing to sustainability Limiting aquaculture operations Developing measures to inform and raise awareness in consumers Complying with biological optimums Controlling pollution in coastal areas Main Results: 13 Global impact on the economy and jobs Impact of the model by sectors of activity Reversing the job loss trend of the current fisheries model Characteristics of employment in fishing communities and the rest of the economy. Type of jobs created in the economy as a whole Conclusions Greenpeace Demands 22 Glossary 24 2 ONBOARD EMPLOYMENT. Introduction European fisheries are facing an The new Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) The reportOnboard employment: unsustainable situation in which regulation approved in May 2013 and Socio-economic impact of a sustainable previously rich, diverse fish effective from January 1st 2014, offers fisheries model proposes a series of the chance to eliminate overfishing measures to be implemented between populations have been decimated and provide an economically viable and 2014 and 2024 and analyses the effects to a fraction of their original size, environmentally sustainable option for they would have on the economy and giving rise to an ecological, social fishermen and the oceans. Between 2014 employment. This set of actions would and ultimately, economic crisis. and 2024 member states have to apply make Spanish fisheries 100% sustainable the regulation to recover fishing stocks, and would also increase economic reduce fleet capacity and fishing effort, production by 4 billion euros and create In addition to the effects of overfishing, prioritise the elimination of destructive over 60,100 jobs; as well as delivering the large ships in European fleets are fishing practices and promote access to better conserved, resource-rich seas and having an impact on marine ecosystems. resources for those engaged in sustainable coasts. After depleting resources in national fishing. waters, European Union fishing The 100% sustainable fisheries model operations have transferred to the Given the opportunity for change offered is based on the correct application of waters of other continents and currently, by the application of the CFP in Spain, all the criteria approved in the new CFP countries with a fleet like Spain have to Greenpeace wants to contribute real regulations between 2014 and 2024 import more than 60% of the fish they solutions which it has compiled in this with one or two additional measures. consume, whereas with good management analysis of the economic, social and Application of the model Greenpeace is a large proportion of that fish could environmental advantages of a 100% proposing would retain the population in come from domestic waters. However, sustainable fisheries model with low rural coastal areas; benefit collectives with the fishing policies applied to date have impactl fishermen and the health of the difficulties to access employment, such as been unable to prevent fleet overcapacity oceans at its epicentre. young people and women; and open up and have brought negative consequences new business opportunities like fishing for the economy, society and the The first part of this study1 was published tourism. environment. in 2013 and analysed the current economic and social situation in the This summary presents the actions fishing industry. The main conclusion was proposed in the study and the main the urgent need for measures to achieve a results of the technical analysis of their sustainable fisheries model, the subject of economic and social impact in the period this new study. between 2014 and 2024. GREENPEACE SPAIN 3 4 ONBOARD EMPLOYMENT. Methodology The proposed fisheries model The effect of the sustainable fisheries indicates a set of eight key model on the economy and employment lines of action to support the has been measured with Input-Output analysis. This type of analysis enables transition towards a sustainable measurement of the impacts on the fisheries model. The study economy as a whole associated to a change analyzes the impact on the in the demand for goods and services economy and employment for in a sector. Input-Output analysis is every line of action for the entire frequently used as a tool to measure the period in question (2014-2024). economic impact of some sectors on others, but the lack of previous references The global effect of the model is of its application to the fishing industry the sum of the partial impacts of in Spain is an indication of the innovative the various actions. nature of this present study. The database for the analysis was constructed with the most current data published by the Spanish National Statistics Institute (Spanish Input-Output tables for 2008) dividing the fishing industry into two subsectors (low impact fishing and non low impact fishing)2. In addition to the data on the economic impact on production and number of jobs obtained in the analysis, the model has been extended to include two major blocks: the environment, to quantify increases or reductions in CO2 emissions, and employment, to examine the type of jobs created or destroyed with the proposed actions. GREENPEACE SPAIN 5 6 ONBOARD EMPLOYMENT. Sustainable fisheries model The proposed sustainable Supporting low impact Action: fisheries model is designed 1 sustainable fisheries • Exclusive access to resources for to support low impact and Low impact fisheries are sustainable fishing within the 12 characterised by their environmental and nautical miles of the territorial sea7. sustainable fishing and the social sustainability and they represent recovery of fishery resources. 77% of the fleet4, 5. Low impact fishing • Creation of a special label for fish Below is a description of the practices, also known as small-scale caught by low impact fishing. proposed eight lines of action fishing, exclude any form of trawling. They for moving gradually from respect the marine environment because • Advice on energy efficient measures the current model towards an they are selective and have little impact on for the fleet, regulations and subsequent the marine environment, species and/or implementation. environmentally, economically the habitat where they are used. and socially sustainable fisheries • Promotion of fishing tourism through model. For the impact analysis, The socio-economical analysis of the structured support plans8. each action has an associated sector also shows that low impact fisheries investment and cost between contribute to social sustainability 6, by Phasing out destructive promoting the socio-economic structure 2 fishing techniques 2014 and 2024 which will affect of coastal communities because they A sustainable fishing model the economy and employment mainly take the form of small, often cannot include destructive non-selective in the fishing industry and the family-run companies or self-employed fishing techniques such as certain workers, where the shipowner is also the other economic sectors that will types of purse seining and trawling, 3 master of the vessel. They also promote benefit from the model . (11% of the fleet is currently dedicated employment among young people, women to trawling)9. Trawling has a major and the over 50s. environmental impact because it is non- selective, capturing all the species in its The proposed actions in the sustainable path whether they are being targeted or fisheries model are intended to reinforce not, thereby generating huge amounts the economic and environmental of discards in the form of fish and other profitability of the fisheries by recovering species that are thrown dead or dying back fish resources in coastal areas and into sea. The weight of the net and of the reducing variable costs like fuel. They also doors, that keep it open, have a major promote diversified sources of income impact as they move over the sea bed in fishing communities through greater destroying entire ecosystems that cease to development of sustainable fishing be productive for the next generations of tourism with training and leisure activities fishermen. linked to this type of tourism. GREENPEACE SPAIN 7 On a positive note, in fishing grounds Extending the network of Action: where trawling has been eliminated10, 11 it 3 marine reserves • Proposal to increase the existing has been found that the marine ecosystem Marine reserves are the sea and network with 49 new marine reserves recovers and overexploited species coastal equivalent of national parks on to cover at least 10% of Spain’s marine reappear after just a few years12, 13. This land. Aggressive extractive activities like surface area. line of action proposes the reduction and fishing are prohibited in these areas. subsequent phase out of the trawling fleet Inside the reserves, populations of fish • Support to develop and promote until it disappears in 2023. A percentage and other species are more abundant and a variety of training, research, and of the fleet (30%) could be converted larger. Individuals live longer grow larger tourism activities compatible with the to other more selective types of fishing. and their reproductive potential increases. levels of protection for the reserves. Conversion is feasible but has not been Different economic sectors like tourism included in this analysis due to a lack and leisure benefit directly by offering a Moving towards converting of basic information on the cost of the more attractive natural environment as 4 deep sea fishing to transformation. a holiday destination or for sports like sustainability scuba diving. The environmental benefit is The exhaustion of European fishing This line of action also includes the thus accompanied by an economic benefit. grounds has led large fishing boats to elimination of certain purse seining However, the surface area of marine travel further and further away seeking techniques aimed at overexploited species reserves globally is less than 1%.