The Sword of Judith Judith Studies Across the Disciplines Edited by Kevin R. Brine, Elena Ciletti and Henrike Lähnemann To access digital resources including: blog posts videos online appendices and to purchase copies of this book in: hardback paperback ebook editions Go to: https://www.openbookpublishers.com/product/28 Open Book Publishers is a non-profit independent initiative. We rely on sales and donations to continue publishing high-quality academic works. Abraham Bosse, Judith Femme Forte, 1645. Engraving in Lescalopier, Les predications. Photo credit: Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris. Kevin R. Brine, Elena Ciletti and Henrike Lähnemann (eds.) The Sword of Judith Judith Studies Across the Disciplines Cambridge 2010 40 Devonshire Road, Cambridge, CB1 2BL, United Kingdom http://www.openbookpublishers.com © 2010 Kevin R. Brine, Elena Ciletti and Henrike Lähnemann Some rights are reserved. This book is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-No Derivative Works 2.0 UK: England & Wales License. This license allows for copying any part of the work for personal and non-commercial use, providing author attribution is clearly stated. Details of allowances and restrictions are available at: http://www.openbookpublishers.com As with all Open Book Publishers titles, digital material and resources associated with this volume are available from our website: http://www.openbookpublishers.com ISBN Hardback: 978-1-906924-16-4 ISBN Paperback: 978-1-906924-15-7 ISBN Digital (pdf): 978-1-906924-17-1 All paper used by Open Book Publishers is SFI (Sustainable Forestry Initia- tive), and PEFC (Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification Schemes) Certified. Printed in the United Kingdom and United States by Lightning Source for Open Book Publishers Contents Introductions 1. The Judith Project 3 Kevin R. Brine 2. The Jewish Textual Traditions 23 Deborah Levine Gera 3. Judith in the Christian Tradition 41 Elena Ciletti and Henrike Lähnemann Writing Judith Jewish Textual Traditions 4. Holofernes’s Canopy in the Septuagint 71 Barbara Schmitz 5. Shorter Medieval Hebrew Tales of Judith 81 Deborah Levine Gera 6. Food, Sex, and Redemption in Megillat Yehudit (the “Scroll of Judith”) 97 Susan Weingarten 7. Shalom bar Abraham’s Book of Judith in Yiddish 127 Ruth von Bernuth and Michael Terry Christian Textual Tradition 8. Typology and Agency in Prudentius’s Treatment of the Judith Story 153 Marc Mastrangelo 9. Judith in Late Anglo-Saxon England 169 Tracey-Anne Cooper 10. The Prayer of Judith in Two Late-Fifteenth-Century French Mystery Plays 197 John Nassichuk 11. The Example of Judith in Early Modern French Literature 213 Kathleen M. Llewellyn 12. The Aestheticization of Tyrannicide: Du Bartas’s La Judit 227 Robert Cummings 13. The Cunning of Judith in Late Medieval German Texts 239 Henrike Lähnemann 14. The Role of Judith in Margaret Fell’s Womens Speaking Justified 259 Janet Bartholomew Staging Judith Visual Arts 15. Judith, Jael, and Humilitas in the Speculum Virginum 275 Elizabeth Bailey 16. Judith between the Private and Public Realms in Renaissance Florence 291 Roger J. Crum 17. Donatello’s Judith as the Emblem of God’s Chosen People 307 Sarah Blake McHam 18. Costuming Judith in Italian Art of the Sixteenth Century 325 Diane Apostolos-Cappadona 19. Judith Imagery as Catholic Orthodoxy in Counter-Reformation Italy 345 Elena Ciletti Music and Drama 20. Judith, Music, and Female Patrons in Early Modern Italy 371 Kelley Harness 21. Judith in Baroque Oratorio 385 David Marsh 22. Judith in the Italian Unification Process, 1800–1900 397 Paolo Bernardini 23. Marcello and Peri’s Giuditta (1860) 411 Alexandre Lhâa 24. Politics, Biblical Debates, and French Dramatic Music on Judith after 1870 431 Jann Pasler 25. Judith and the “Jew-Eaters” in German Volkstheater 453 Gabrijela Mecky Zaragoza Bibliography 469 Abbreviations 495 Indexes 497 Online Resources: http://www.openbookpublishers.com Illustrations page Title-page to the Book of Judith in a 15th century German cover Bible, workshop of Diebold Lauber (1441-1449) Heidelberg University Library, Cpg 21, fol. 70v (http://diglit.ub.uni- heidelberg.de/diglit/cpg21/) Abraham Bosse, Judith Femme Forte, 1645. Engraving in ii Lescalopier, Les predications. Photo credit: Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris. 2.1. Odecha ki anafta bi, 1434. Hebrew poem on Judith. Hamburg 35 miscellany, Cod. Heb. 37, fol. 81, Mainz (?). Photo credit: Deborah Levine Gera. Hans Holbein, Judith, 1546. Woodcut from Sefer Yossipon. Zürich, 69 Christophe Froschauer. Photo credit: Wiesemann, 2002, Abb. 5 (K 11). 4.1. Workshop of Ludwig Henfflin,German Bible, ca. 1479. 72 Heidelberg University Library, Cpg 17, fol. 255v. Photo credit: Heidelberger historische Bestände – digital (http://diglit.ub.uni- heidelberg.de/) 4.2. Herrad of Hohenbourg, Hortus Deliciarum, fol. 60r, 1167–85. 77 Photo credit: Green II, p. 99. 5.1. Hanukkah-Story, 16th century. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale 90 1459.2. 7.1. Shalom bar Abraham, Shmue fun der vrume Shoshane, 1571. Title 128 page. Cracow. Photo credit: National Library of Israel. 7.2. Zurich Bible, 1536. Woodcuts by Hans Holbein the Younger 132 (1497–1543). Photo credit: The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations. 7.3. Jean Jacques Boissard, Icones virorum illustrium, 1597–99. 136 Engraving by Theodor de Bry. Frankfurt am Main. Photo credit: The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations. Hans Holbein, Judith, 1538. Woodcut from Biblia Latina. “Icones,” 151 Lyon. Photo credit: Wiesemann, 2002, Abb. 4 (K 10). viii The Sword of Judith 10.1. Ci baigne Judi, ca. 1245. Judith-Window D-126. Sainte-Chapelle, 198 Paris, Judith-Window. Photo credit: Centre des Monuments Nationaux, Paris. 10.2. Ci prie Judit dieu quele puist enginier, ca. 1245. Judith-Window 199 D-136. Sainte-Chapelle, Paris. Photo credit: Centre des Monuments Nationaux, Paris. 13.1. German Miscellany, early 15th century. Washington, Library of 244 Congress, Rosenwald Collection MS 4, fol. 8r. Photo credit: The Library of Congress. 13.2. Judith-song “In the tune of the song about the battle at Pavia,” 247 ca. 1560. Cover. Strasbourg: Christian Müller. Photo credit: Bibliotheca Palatina, Micro-Fiche F5290. Elisabetta Sirani, Judith Triumphant, ca. 1658. Burghley House, 273 Stamford, UK. Photo credit: G.E.M.A. (Grande Enciclopedia Multimediale dell’Arte). 15.1. “Judith, Humilitas, and Jael,” Speculum Virginum, ca. 1140. 276 London, British Library, MS Arundel 44, fol. 34v. © British Library Board. 15.2. “Perpetua’s Ladder,” Speculum Virginum, ca. 1140. London, 280 British Library, MS Arundel 44, fol. 93v. © British Library Board. 15.3. “The Three Types of Women,” Speculum Virginum, ca. 1140. 285 London, British Library, MS Arundel 44, fol. 70r. © British Library Board. 15.4. “The Quadriga,” Speculum Virginum, ca. 1140. London, British 287 Library, MS Arundel 44, fol. 46r. © British Library Board. 15.5. De laudibus sanctae crucis, ca. 1170. Munich, Staatsbibliothek, 289 Clm. 14159, fol. 6r, Regensburg-Prüfening. Photo credit: urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb00018415-2 © Bayerische Staatsbibliothek. 16.1. Lorenzo Ghiberti, Detail of Judith and Holofernes from the 295 Gates of Paradise, 1425–1452. Baptistry, Florence, Italy. Photo credit: Timothy McCarthy/Art Resource, NY. 16.2. Sandro Botticelli,Judith , ca. 1472. Uffizi, Florence, Italy. Photo 296 credit: Scala/Art Resource, NY. Illustrations ix 16.3. Antonio del Pollaiuolo, Judith, ca. 1470 (bronze with traces of 297 gilding). The Detroit Institute of Arts/Gift of Eleanor Clay Ford, Detroit, MI. Photo credit: The Bridgeman Art Library. 16.4. Baccio Baldini, Judith with the Head of Holofernes. The British 298 Museum. Photo credit: © The Trustees of the British Museum. 16.5. The Master of Marradi, Florentine, Judith and Holofernes, 15th 298 century. The Dayton Art Institute, Dayton, OH. Photo credit: The Dayton Art Institute. 16.6. Andrea Mantegna, Judith, 1491. National Gallery of Art, 299 Widener Collection, Washington, DC. Photo credit: G.E.M.A. (Grande Enciclopedia Multimediale dell’Arte). 17.1. Donatello, Judith and Holofernes, 1457–64. Palazzo della Signoria, 308 Florence, Italy. Photo credit: Scala/Art Resource. 17.2. Donatello, bronze David, late 1430s?. Museo Nazionale del 309 Bargello, Florence, Italy. Photo credit: Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. 17.3. Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Justice, fromAllegory of the Good 315 Government, 1338–40. Palazzo Pubblico, Siena, Italy. Photo credit: Scala/Art Resource, NY. 17.4. Anonymous, Fresco of Judit Ebrea, Aristotle, and Solomon, ca. 317 1463–65. Palazzo del Comune, Lucignano, Italy. Photo credit: Elena Ciletti. 17.5. Niccolò Fiorentino, style of (Ambrogio & Mattia della Robbia?): 319 Girolamo Savonarola, Dominican Preacher [obverse]; Italy Threatened by the Hand of God [reverse], ca. 1497. National Gallery of Art, Samuel H. Kress Collection, Washington, DC. Photo credit: © 2008 Board of Trustees, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC. 17.6. Anonymous, The Martyrdom of Savonarola, 15th century. Museo 321 di S. Marco, Florence, Italy. Photo credit: Scala/Art Resource, NY. 17.7. Play of Iudith Hebrea staged in 1518. Title-page. Florence, 1589. 322 National Art Gallery, Victoria and Albert Museum. Photo credit: Sarah Blake McHam. x The Sword of Judith 18.1. Judith’s upper body and right hand with sword from Donatello, 326 Judith and Holofernes, 1457–64. Palazzo della Signoria, Florence, Italy. Photo credit: Scala/Art Resource, NY. 18.2. Athena Armed as Athena Parthenos, Third century b.c.e. Musée 333 du Louvre MR285, Paris. Photo credit: Réunion des Musées Nationaux/Art Resource, NY. 18.3. Michelangelo, Judith with the Head of Holofernes, 1509–11. Sistine 334 Chapel, Vatican City, pendentive fresco; (left) detail of the same. Photo credit: G.E.M.A. (Grande Enciclopedia Multimediale dell’Arte). 18.4. Giorgio Vasari, Judith and Holofernes, ca. 1554. Saint Louis Art 336 Museum, St. Louis. Photo credit: Saint Louis Art Museum, Friends Fund and funds given in honor of Betty Greenfield Grossman. 18.5. Michelangelo, Libyan Sibyl, 1515. Sistine Chapel, Vatican City. 337 Photo credit: Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY.