ACIDS AND BASES Chemistry Review: Section 1.6 pg. 34-36 Review of Acids • Empirically, acids are (aq) molecular compounds of hydrogen that form electrically conducve soluons and turn blue litmus paper red. Remember: R BLUE E A ACID S E • By convenon, the formula for an empirically idenfied acid is wrien as: H___ (aq) or ____COOH(aq) Example: HCl(aq) and H2SO4(aq) are acids CH4(g) and NH3(g) are not acids, so hydrogen is wrien last *In some cases, hydrogen is wrien last if part of a –COOH group ex. CH3COOH(aq) – these are organic acids Review of Bases • Empirically, bases are (aq) ionic hydroxides that form electrically conducve soluons and turn red litmus paper blue. • By convenon, you are looking for a ionic (metal) hydroxides (OH‐) NaOH(aq) Ba(OH)2(aq) , KOH(aq) •There is no special nomenclature system for bases. ‐They are names as ionic hydroxides Ex. KOH(aq) = potassium hydroxide NH4OH(aq) = ammonium hydroxide Acids vs. Bases Properes of an Acid Properes of a Base • Tastes sour, always in • Taste bier and have a soluon (aq) slippery feel • Turns litmus paper red • Turns litmus paper blue • Has a pH of less than 7 • Has a pH greater than 7 • Good conductor, • Good conductor, corrodes metals doesn’t react with • Lemon juice and metals vinegar are good • Most hand soaps and examples. drain cleaners are bases Naming Acids Systemac IUPAC Tradional 1) aqueous hydrogen chloride 1) hydrogen ______ide = hydro______ic acid HCl (aq) ex. hydrogen chloride = hydrochloric acid 1) aqueous hydrogen chlorate 1) hydrogen ______ate = __________ic acid HClO3(aq) ex. hydrogen chlorate = chloric acid 1) aqueous hydrogen chlorite 1) hydrogen ______ite = __________ous acid HClO2(aq) ex. hydrogen chlorite = chlorous acid Remember: acid contains sulfur = you add a ur H2SO4(aq) sulfuric acid acid contains phosphorus = add an or H3PO4(aq) phorphoric acid Practice – Naming Acids IUPAC Traditional aqueous hydrogen perchlorate perchloric acid HClO4(aq) hypochlorous acid HClO(aq) aqueous hydrogen hypochlorite HNO2(aq) aqueous hydrogen nitrite nitrous acid HNO3(aq) aqueous hydrogen nitrate nitric acid H2SO4(aq) aqueous hydrogen sulfate sulfuric acid H2SO3(aq) aqueous hydrogen sulfite sulfurous acid H3PO4(aq) aqueous hydrogen phosphate phosphoric acid .