Black Spot Identification And Improvement on SH-41 Between Unjha to Mehsana Prepared by:- Guided Parikh Sujal K. By:- (110783106001) Patel Nikunj R. Dr. A.H.Shah (090780106032) Patel Hitesh S. (110783106006) Zala Siddhant k. 1 (090780106040) Reasons of the road accidents : 1. Due to pedestrians : carelessness crossing of road at other places than cross-walks 2. Due to passengers: passengers causing trouble to the driver. passengers making noise, jocking and diverting the attention of the driver. Passengers getting down the vehicle from wrong side. 2 3. Vehicles : Defective steering Improper head lights positions Break fail 4. Road condition : Nature of road Wet and oily surface Wrong super elevation and wrong radius of curvature 3 Introduction The term “black spot” (or “hot spot”) is used to describe Locations that have a higher than average crash rate and has been a standard safety engineering methodology for over 30 Years. The identification, analysis and treatment of black spots are widely regarded as an effective approach to road crash prevention. The National Black Spot Program was first introduced in Western Australia (WA) in 1996/97 and extended until June 2006. Such that, the transportation plays a very prominent role in developing countries like India. More the length of roadways, the prosperity is more of the nation. But these facilities of roadways is Increasing the population of vehicles and there by resulting in Increasing number of traffic congestion and accidental casualties. 4 Black spots badly decreases the road serve quality, and there is characteristic that the proportion of the accident number accounts for the total number is high. So it is economy and effective method for improving the road traffic safety condition to differentiate the black spots, analyse the cause of black spots and raise the comfortable measure. Especially when the fund is lack, it is advisable to firstly improve the road safety level. Worldwide, the transportation problems faced by various nations have increased manifold, necessitating search for methods or alternatives that ensure efficient, safe, feasible and faster means of transport. It has been estimated that India currently accounts for nearly 10% of road accident fatalities worldwide. In addition, over 1.3 million people are seriously injured on the Indian roads every year. Hence, traffic safety has become a major area of concern for the authorities. 5 What is Black spot? In general, identification of the site with potential safety problem is the first and important step in the accident mitigation process. The technique to determine whether a site has a safety problem varies from place to place and is referred to by different names. Methodologies vary from the simple flag sites that have high- accident records to the more complicated ones of which the expected number of accidents is estimated and potential for safety improvements is determined. However, the most widely used technique to determine whether a site has a safety problem, is based on the road accident history and this is known as determination of ‘Black Spot Locations’. Also, the whole accident mitigation process is often referred to as Black Spots Improvement. A black spot may be an intersection, or a section of road, or any 6 other location that fullfils the definition. Black spot programs are designed to reduce the crash risk in these areas by improving the physical conditions or management. Identification of locations for safety improvement is the starting point of all the processes. The process is sometimes known as Black spot identification or hazardous location identification. 7 Objective The main objective of the present study is: 1. To carry out study of existing condition. 2. To identify black spot(High accident) in the study area for detailed study. 3. To reduce the number of fatal and injury caused by road accident. 4. Suggestion of remedial measure to improve road condition. 8 Study Area Growth of road transport in very fast, UNJHA TO MEHSANA road is one of them. There is heavy volume and many big problem of accidents on this road. The heavy vehicles and passengers are moving on the SH-41 highway in the morning and peak hours. The accidents rate of the study area including all types of accidents as per the record of police station. The study is carried out on the stretch of UNJHA TO MEHSANA highway. The selected length of the study area between UNJHA TO MEHSANA is 30 km. This stretch comes under three different taluka of north Gujarat. 9 Literature review Research paper: LAD AND PATEL(2013), HAVE IDENTIFIED BLACK SPOT In this paper black spot were based on police record, deficiencies of geometric like non availability of footpath, non availability of speed breaker, advertisement board at intersection, improper zebra crossing or not availability of zebra crossing, other parameter like absence of traffic police, not working traffic signal, unauthorized parking at intersection etc. LIPOVAC AND JOVANOVIC(2009), HAVE IDENTIFIED OF BLACK SPOT In this study, the database of black spots was prepared for Public enterprise Roads of Serbia. The data of road and traffic volume from public enterprise Roads of Serbia and the data of accidents from police reports was taken into account. 10 GOPAL RAJU (2013), HAVE IDENTIFIED BLACK SPOT In these papers, last five years (2007-20011), the total crashes have increased by three folds on NH58 (from Km 75 – Km 138). The Critical Crash Rate Factor Method is used, which were suggested to be very effective. In identifying Accident-prone stretches for Four Lane Highways. From analysis, it is clear that maximum number of crashes occurs during the weekends; this may be due to the large number of tourists coming to Haridwar and Rishikesh. From analysis it is evident that maximum number of crashes occurs in the months of August and December. This may be due to the onset of rainy season in august and due to the fog in the month of December. The peak period for Crashes comes out to be between 14.00 - 16.00 hrs. The Crash ratio developed for the sections can be used for prioritizing Safety Development program. 11 METHODOLOGY FLOW CHART: METHOD OF APPROACH 1. Data collection: collection of data on roads accident 2. Accident reporting : Standard form to be designed for different types of data 3. Accident recording : Accident summaries like accident per vehicle, accident per km, accident per reasons 4. Analysis: analysis of accidents and on side analysis 12 5. Identification : ranking and identification of black spot/hazardous road 6. Traffic volume : to data collected traffic volume on hazardous location 7. Improvement : suggestion of remedial measures at that location 13 1. Data Collection In order to determine the accident zone for unjha to mehsana, following data were collected and used. 1. Data collection for three different taluka police stations like unjha, visnagar and mehsana. 2. Accident reports for the year 2011, 2012 and 2013. 2. Accident Reporting For uniformity, standard forms should be designed for accident reporting including the following information: 1. Date, day, time and precise location of accident. 2. Persons died, injured and extant of injured. 3. Location and description of accident of vehicle. 4. Problem causes. 14 3. Accident Recording A computerized system becomes necessary as the number of accidents increases in an area. Such a system cans summaries accident data properly. Accident summaries for fatal, injury, on analysis, can provide lot of statistical information such as: 1. Accidents per vehicle km. 2. Accident per vehicle. 3. Accident per reason. 4. Accidents classified as per location. 15 Smt.S.R.Patel Engineering College Dabhi-Unjha ACCIDENT DATA YEAR : 2011 DIRECTION DISTANCE CATEGOR TYPES NO OF NO OF REASON SR. NO (FORM Y OF OF PERSONS PERSONS OF AGE AGE TIME DATE M/F/C M/F/C ORIGIN) VEHICLES FUEL INJURED DEATH ACCIDENT TO LOCATION FROM 1 10/2/2011 15:10 unjha mehsana Bhandu 14.6 km Rickshaw C.N.G 1 F 24 due to dog high speed 2 16/3/2011 11:15 unjha mehsana Bhandu 14.6 km Bike Petrol 1 M 19 and careless 3 12/6/2011 19:30 unjha mehsana Bhandu 14.6 km Truck Diesel 1 M 55 careless 4 15/11/2011 10:15 unjha mehsana Bhandu 14.6 km Truck/man Diesel 1 M 20 careless truck/chota 5M 2M/ high speed 5 27/12/2011 11:50 unjha mehsana Bhandu 14.6 km Diesel 9 3 hathi /4F 1M and careless Diesel/ high speed 6 15/5/2011 21:00 mehsana unjha Bhandu 13.9 km car/car 1 M 22 petrol and overtake 7 23/4/2011 21:30 mehsana unjha Bhandu 13.9 km car/man Diesel 1 F 29 careless 30/ due to 8 12/6/2011 12:30 mehsana unjha Bhandu 13.9 km Cycle/jeep Diesel 2 2M 17 overtake 2M 916 17/11/2011 14:45 mehsana unjha Bhandu 13.9 km car/car Petrol 3 37 high speed /F 4. Accident Analysis Accident data carried out from the three different taluka like unjha, visnagar, mehsana police station last three year from the 2011, 2012, 2013. It is a different case with the analysis stage. For this stage research, development and testing of new and better methods has only been done to a minor extent. 1. Distance from mehsana to unjha vs no of accidents 2. Distance from unjha to mehsana vs no of accidents 3. Categories of vehicles vs no of accidents 4. Resons of accidents vs no of accidents 17 18 16 14 12 10 2011 8 2012 2013 NO OF ACCIDENT OF NO 6 4 2 0 0 2 3.1 4.2 15.4 23 30 DIRECTION FROM MEHSANA TO UNJHA(Km) 18 FIGURE 3.1 DISTANCE FROM MEHSANA TO UNJHA VS NO OF ACCIDENTS 16 14 12 10 8 2011 2012 2013 6 NO OF ACCIDENT OF NO 4 2 0 0 7 14.6 25 27 28 30 DIRECTION FROM UNJHA TO MEHSANA(Km) 19 FIGURE 3.2 DISTANCE FROM UNJHA TO MEHSANA VS NO OF ACCIDENTS 50 45 40 35 30 25 2011 2012 20 2013 NO OF ACCIDENT OF NO 15 10 5 0 Bike Rikshaw Car Jeep Bus Truck Other CATEGORIES OF VEHICLES 20 FIGURE 3.3 CATEGORIES OF VEHICLES VS NO OF ACCIDENTS 25 20 15 2011 10 2012 2013 NO OF ACCIDENTS OF NO 5 0 Careless High Speed Overtake High Speed Slip Other and careless REASONS OF ACCIDENTS 21 FIGURE 3.4 RESONS OF ACCIDENTS VS NO OF ACCIDENTS 5.