Kent Academic Repository Full text document (pdf) Citation for published version Mounce, Hanna Lee (2015) Recovery of the endangered Maui Parrotbill (Kiwikiu, Pseudonestor xanthophrys). Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) thesis, University of Kent. DOI Link to record in KAR https://kar.kent.ac.uk/50697/ Document Version UNSPECIFIED Copyright & reuse Content in the Kent Academic Repository is made available for research purposes. Unless otherwise stated all content is protected by copyright and in the absence of an open licence (eg Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher, author or other copyright holder. Versions of research The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users are advised to check http://kar.kent.ac.uk for the status of the paper. Users should always cite the published version of record. Enquiries For any further enquiries regarding the licence status of this document, please contact: [email protected] If you believe this document infringes copyright then please contact the KAR admin team with the take-down information provided at http://kar.kent.ac.uk/contact.html Recovery of the endangered Maui Parrotbill (Kiwikiu, Pseudonestor xanthophrys) Hanna Lee Mounce A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biodiversity Management Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology chool of Anthropology and Conservation University of Kent August 2015 Recovery of the Endangered Maui Parrotbill Acknowledgements To begin with, I would like to thank Carl Jones for introducing me to Jim ,roombridge at a Durrell -CT workshop and suggesting the partnership of his supervision of my thesis. -hile Carl barely knew me at the time, his introduction and recommendation got this entire pro/ect underway. econdly, I would like to thank Jim ,roombridge for not only his willingness to take me on as a student but also for his enthusiasm for my pro/ect. Jim0s encouragement and guidance throughout this entire process was above and beyond my e1pectations for an advisor. I also appreciated his fle1ibility in advising a student based 11,000 km away and who decided not only to start other new research pro/ects during this time period but also start a family. I would also like to thank David Leonard who instigated the funding for this pro/ect to cover a PhD student and also gave heaps of advice throughout the writing of every chapter of this thesis. I thank Kirsty winnerton, who served not only as an advisor and editor throughout this entire process but also as an ama2ing support and friend. I also must thank Kirsty for initially hiring me as a temporary field technician on Maui many years ago and introducing me to the ama2ing Hawaiian ecosystem and birds for which I am forever grateful. I also thank Jon Plissner. Jon has been a great mentor through my professional career, and when I was first offered a /ob in Maui I thought that it sounded too challenging and was considering turning it down. Jon told me to stop doubting myself and to take the /ob, thus kickstarting my conservation career in Hawaii. I thank David Duffy for supporting my thesis while I was employed with him through the University of Hawaii and for helping to coordinate and supervise a remote defense from UH. I thank amit Kundu for getting me started in the genetics lab and iobhan impson and 3achel Bristol for their continued help through my lab work as well as their support during my time in the UK. I also thank Claire 3aisin for her help not only in the genetics lab but in getting the structure of my thesis started, helping me sort a place to live in the UK, 2 Recovery of the Endangered Maui Parrotbill teaching me how to salt the roads to be able to get to the lab, and helping me bridge the ad/ustment gap in coming to the UK. I thank all of the field crews of Maui 5orest Bird 3ecovery Pro/ect for their dedicated hard work in strenuous field conditions which has provided much of the data used within this thesis. I thank my sisters, Nora Mounce and Emily chol2, and my aunt, Caroline Tepley, for proofing my final thesis. I thank my son, Nolan Te Kahurangi Davidson, who showed up towards the end of my admission period, for being such a wonderful baby and letting me get this submission completed. I also thank my sister, Nora Mounce, and my mother, Charlene Mounce, for coming out to Maui to help watch Nolan while I was finishing writing up this thesis. I thank my entire family for their support and encouragement, especially my brother Phil 73IP8 who left us during the end of my admission period and whom with I will miss celebrating this submission. Lastly I thank my husband, Jamie Davidson, who might not have known the substantial weight of this pro/ect as it was already in the works when we were engaged and married. I appreciate all of his support as well as taking care of our house and all my critters during my long trips to the UK. Acknowledgements specific to each self9standing chapter are located at the end of each chapter. 3 Recovery of the Endangered Maui Parrotbill Author’s eclaration All chapters of this thesis were written by HL Mounce with editorial suggestions from my supervisor, JJ ,roombridge. All work was conducted while HL Mounce was employed by Maui 5orest Bird 3ecovery Pro/ect, a part of Pacific Cooperative tudies Unit of 3esearch Corporation of the University of Hawaii and supported through tate of Hawaii Division of 5orestry and -ildlife and United tates 5ish and -ildlife ervice grants. There were numerous people that provided input and comments during the research and publication phases of this thesis. Individual contributions are listed in the chapters below. Co9author affiliations are listed as the institutions at the time of collaboration. Chapter 2 etermining productivity of the Maui Parrotbill, an endangered Hawaiian honeycreeper: The data collected for this chapter was a collaborative effort by the seasonal staff at Maui 5orest Bird 3ecovery Pro/ect. Analysis was completed by HL Mounce with assistance of 3 -heeler, CL 3utt and J Milikowsky for the nest survival data. Co9authors all commented on drafts of the manuscript written by HL Mounce before it was submitted for publication. This chapter has been published, Mounce HL, Leonard DL, winnerton KJ, Becker CD, Berthold LK, Iknayan KJ, ,roombridge JJ 720138 Determining productivity of Maui Parrotbills, an endangered Hawaiian honeycreeper. Journal of Field Ornithology 84: 32939. Chapter 3 Management implications derived from long term re-sight data: annual survival of the Maui Parrotbill (Pseudonestor xanthophrys): This chapter used an 18 year encounter dataset from mark9resight data maintained by Maui 5orest Bird 3ecovery Pro/ect. HL Mounce contributed field re9 sights from 200692011. All other re9sights were provided by seasonal staff at Maui 5orest Bird 3ecovery Pro/ect: TK Pratt, JC imon, PE Baker, and L Pimm. Analyses 4 Recovery of the Endangered Maui Parrotbill were undertaken by HL Mounce with input from EH Pa1ton. All co9authors reviewed and provided guidance and comments on the manuscript written by HL Mounce before submission for publication. This chapter has been published, Mounce HL, Iknayan KJ, Leonard DL, winnerton KJ, ,roombridge JJ 720148. Management implications derived from long term re9sight data: annual survival of the Maui Parrotbill Pseudonestor xanthophrys. Bird Conservation International 24:3169326. Chapter 4 Spatial genetic architecture of the critically-endangered Maui Parrotbill (Pseudonestor xanthophrys): management considerations for reintroduction strategies: Blood samples were collected by HL Mounce 200692012 and the contemporary samples prior to 2006 were provided by Maui 5orest Bird 3ecovery Pro/ect. Museum toe9pad samples were provided by the museums listed in the acknowledgements. The microsatellite library was developed by ,enetic Identification ervices, Inc. 7California, U A8. ,uidance and training in laboratory techniques were provided by C 3aisin and Kundu. Microsatellite optimi2ation was assisted by H -ickenden at University of Kent. T3UCTU3E and ,ENELAND analyses were assisted by impson at University of Kent. KJ Iknayan, CC -arren, and 3L Hammond assisted with ,I mapping. All other lab work, analyses, and writing were undertaken by HL Mounce. AC 5rant2 provided 3 code for the simulation to model proportion of alleles that could theoretically be transferred with differing numbers of founder individuals. All co9authors provided comments and edits on a draft manuscript prior to submission for publication. This chapter has been published, Mounce HL, 3aisin C, Leonard DL, -ickenden H, winnerton KJ, ,roombridge JJ 720158 patial genetic architecture of the critically9endangered Maui Parrotbill 7Pseudonestor 1anthophrys8: management considerations for reintroduction strategies. Conservation ,enetics 16:71984. 5 Recovery of the Endangered Maui Parrotbill Chapter 5 E,tinction risk and reintroduction options for the endangered Maui Parrotbill (Kiwikiu, Pseudonestor xanthophrys): The data used in these models is a culmination of the chapters 294. Introduction to PAA methods and the use of their applications was initiated by KJ winnerton. CP Mc,owan and EH Pa1ton provided guidance on analyses and, in combination with the other co9authors, provided comments and edits. The 3 code used to evaluate translocation options was developed by CP Mc,owan and optimi2ed by HL Mounce and CC -arren. This chapter has been submitted for publication and is currently under review. 6 Recovery of the Endangered Maui Parrotbill This research was approved and supported by American Bird Conservancy, Haleakala National Park, Hawaii Audubon ociety, Maui 5orest Bird 3ecovery Pro/ect, Pacific Cooperative tudies Unit 7as a part of the 3esearch Corporation of the University of Hawaii8, The Nature Conservancy Hawaii, The idney Perry 5oundation, Tri9Isle 3CBD, Inc., an Diego Coo ,lobal, tate of Hawaii Division of 5orestry and -ildlife, and United tates 5ish and -ildlife ervice.