In cooperation with the San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District Hydrology, Description of Computer Models, and Evaluation of Selected Water-Management Alternatives in the San Bernardino Area, California U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1278 Pending release as USGS Professional Paper 1734 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ountains rdino M erna Seven Oaks n B Y Sa Dam uc aip Crafton a B asin Mill Cr Hills Fault Redlands Andreas River San Zanja San Bernardino Ana Newmark plume Redlands plumeThe Former Santa Muscoy plume (1900) marshland Lytle Creek Cover. Oblique view showing the San Bernardino Mountains rising above the Bunker Hill and Lytle Creek basins. The area simulated with the ground-water flow model is outlined in white. Also shown are selected water-management issues including the former marshland, Seven Oaks Dam, and the Newmark, Muscoy, and Redlands plumes. Hydrology, Description of Computer Models, and Evaluation of Selected Water-Management Alternatives in the San Bernardino Area, California By Wesley R. Danskin, Kelly R. McPherson, and Linda R. Woolfenden In cooperation with the San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District Open-File Report 2005-1278 Pending release as USGS Professional Paper 1734 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior Dirk Kempthorne, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark D. Myers, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2006 For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Danskin, W.R., McPherson, K.R., and Woolfenden, L.R., 2006, Hydrology, Description of Computer Models, and Evaluation of Selected Water-Management Alternatives in the San Bernadino Area, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1278, 178 p. and 2 pl. iii Contents Abstract ...........................................................................................................................................................1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................3 Purpose and Scope ..............................................................................................................................3 Description of Study Area ...................................................................................................................7 Previous Investigations........................................................................................................................9 Acknowledgments ..............................................................................................................................14 Hydrology ......................................................................................................................................................15 Surface-Water System ......................................................................................................................15 Sources of Inflow and Outflow ................................................................................................19 Gaged Runoff .....................................................................................................................19 Ungaged Runoff ................................................................................................................24 Local Runoff .......................................................................................................................26 Imported Water .................................................................................................................29 Wastewater Discharge ....................................................................................................29 Ground-Water Discharge into Warm Creek .................................................................31 Diversions....................................................................................................................................32 Ground-Water System .......................................................................................................................32 Description of Valley-Fill Aquifer .............................................................................................33 Recharge and Natural Discharge ...........................................................................................35 Recharge from Gaged Streamflow ................................................................................35 Recharge from Ungaged Runoff .....................................................................................39 Recharge from Direct Precipitation ...............................................................................40 Recharge from Local Runoff ...........................................................................................40 Artifical Recharge from Imported Water ......................................................................41 Return Flow from Pumpage .............................................................................................41 Underflow ...........................................................................................................................42 Ground-Water Discharge into Warm Creek .................................................................46 Evapotranspiration. ...................................................................................................................46 Pumpage......................................................................................................................................47 Ground-Water Storage .............................................................................................................52 Ground-Water Budget ...............................................................................................................53 Ground-Water Movement ........................................................................................................56 Ground-Water Quality ...............................................................................................................59 Computer Models.........................................................................................................................................61 Ground-Water Flow Model ................................................................................................................61 Conceptual Model .....................................................................................................................63 Relation to Previous Flow Model ............................................................................................64 Design and Discretization ........................................................................................................64 Aquifer Parameters ...................................................................................................................69 Recharge and Discharge ..........................................................................................................70 Calibration ...................................................................................................................................76 Evaluation ....................................................................................................................................81 iv Sensitivity Analysis ....................................................................................................................81 Use and Limitations ...................................................................................................................82 Constrained Optimization Model ......................................................................................................84 General Characteristics ............................................................................................................85 Representation of the Ground-Water Flow System .............................................................89 Mathematical Form of Objectives and Constraints ..............................................................95 Objective Function ............................................................................................................96 Constraints .........................................................................................................................98 Water Supply and Water Distribution ..................................................................98 Ground-Water Level ................................................................................................98 Ground-Water Quality .............................................................................................99 Economic .................................................................................................................100 Bounds ..............................................................................................................................100