William III 20-year truce, 1684, 485–486, 488–490, 492, 506, 541 Luxemburg, blockade of, 451–453, 454–459 military budgets, 507–509 A Monmouth rebellion, 498 Adda, Fernandino d’, Papal nuncio, 554 Orange, seizure of, 467 Admiral-General peace party, growth of, 337–338, 361, 365, 368–369, Stadholdership, relationship with, 126 371 vacancy, 37–39, 42, 66, 69, 93, 125 Scheldt, closure of, 112 Aerson, member of Delegated Council of Holland, 371 Spanish Netherlands, troops for, 479, 480–483, 488– Africa, Anglo-Dutch rivalry, 80, 87 489 Aire, 305, 311, 333, 343–344, 367 van Beuningen as Burgomaster, 473 siege of, 336 war preparations, 1671, 147 Aix-la-Chapelle, treaty of, 118, 119, 121, 125, 227, war taxation, 247 254–255, 287, 303–304, 311, 343–345 William’s relationship with, 429–430, 433–435, 506– Albemarle, Christopher Monck, Duke of, 415 509 Albert Frederick, Prince of Brandenburg, 560 Anglo-Dutch commercial rivalry, 39–40, 65, 78, 87 Albertina-Agnes, Countess of Nassau, 94, 248, 433 Anglo-Dutch treaty of 1678, 375–376 Albeville, Ignatius White, Marquis d’, 515, 522, 524, Anglo-Dutch wars 529, 531–532, 536, 540 first, 41–44, 78 Almonde, Vice-Admiral Philips van, 561, 565 second, 87–105 Alsace third, 256–257, 266–267, 269–270 in Franco-Dutch war, 221, 258, 283, 299, 321, 325– Anglo-Spanish treaty of 1680, 403–404, 414 326, 335 Anhalt, Amalia van, 507 in Nijmegen peace negotiations, 356 Anhalt-Dessau, Henrietta, Duchess of, 51, 217, 507 réunions, 444 Anhalt-Dessau, Johann Georg, Prince of, 34, 217–218, Amalia von Solms-Braunfels, Princess of Orange 229, 248, 553 Act of Exclusion, 44 Anjou, François, Duke of, 16 Albertina-Agnes, Countess of Nassau, rift with, 94 Anjou, Philippe Duke of, 48. see also Orléans, Philippe, ancestry, 217 Duke of (Monsieur) Anhalt marriage alliance, 51 Anne of Austria, Queen of France, 28, 48, 58, 107 Buat conspiracy, 103–104 Anne Stuart, Princess character of, 34 Anglican upbringing, 424 death of, 327 invasion conspiracy, 525–526, 539 guardianship dispute, 29, 41, 66, 69, 71, 75–81 James II’s catholicising efforts, 529 Het Huis ten Bosch, building of, 426 marriage to George of Denmark, 473–474, 478 income, 30 Prince of Wales, birth of, 537, 540 marriage of, 20 smallpox, recovery from, 385 Mary, Princess Royal, relationship with, 23, 34–36, 46 on the Sunderlands, 523 Nassau-Odijk as muddlehead, 147 Swedish marriage proposal, 375 Orange, guardianship dispute, 57–58 Appelman, Burgomaster of Amsterdam, 548 Orange, restoration of, 83 Apsley, Frances, 424–425, 428–429 Regent counter-coup, 1651, 38–39 Apsley, Sir Allen, 424 second Anglo-Dutch war, 91 Argentau, French capture of, 287 treaty of Dover, speculations on, 139 Argyll, Archibald Campbell, Earl of, 498, 500, 527 Westphalia, peace of, 24 Arlington, Henry Bennett, Earl of William as Child of State, 97–98, 100, 102 Buat conspiracy, 103 William as First Noble of Zeeland, 129 Charles II’s commitment to catholicism, 118 William’s coming of age, 131–132 Danby, opposition to, 362 William’s education, 52–53, 57, 81–82 Dover, secret treaty of, 120, 140, 147 Amboina massacre, 87 Duke of York, opposition to, 309 Amerongen, Godard Adriaan van Reede, Lord of Eminent Embassy of 1672, 180–187 Austro-Brandenburg army, 222, 228–231, 243 family mission of 1674, 311–315 Brandenburg, relations with, 181, 218, 241–242, 436, marriage, 97, 101, 141, 308, 428 438, 509–510 Rhinegrave, negotiations with, 1672, 189 castle, burning of, 236 rise of, 88–89, 94–95, 115–116 Dutch Army, recruitment in Germany, 246 Stuart debt to House of Orange, 137–138 Eminent Embassy of 1672, 187 Sylvius mission, 150–151 Saxony, negotiations with, 1688, 544 third Anglo-Dutch war, 265–266 Utrecht, political power in, 148–149, 263, 279–280 waning power of, 310 Amsterdam William and Mary’s marriage, 356 20-year truce, 1684, 485–486 William’s English visits, 142, 354 Association Treaty, 447–448 William’s relationship with, 131, 192–193, 308, 344 Brandenburg treaty of 1686, 510 Arlington, Isabella of Nassau-Beverweert, Lady, 101, on Charles II’s arbitration with Spain, 469–470 137–138, 193 D’Avaux, negotiations with, 483–485 Arminius, Jacobus, 17 France, attitude to, 396, 402 Army (Dutch) French tariff, impact of, 125, 533–534 Anglo-Scottish regiments, 93, 378, 395, 497, 498– French trade war, 1688, 557 499, 515, 531–533, 560 impregnability of, 165 budgets, 507–509 invasion of England, 1688, 547–548, 555–557, 560 discipline, 348 1 William III Army (Dutch) (Continued) Bennett, Sir Henry. see Arlington, Henry Bennett, Earl England, recruitment in, 307–309 of German troops for, 1688, 546 Bentinck, Hans Willem morale, 165 Amsterdam, negotiations with, 1688, 549 neglect of under De Witt regime, 125, 197 background, 82 provisioning of, 230 as Chamberlain to William III, 425–426 reorganisation of, 221–223, 244–247 on Covell as spy, 502 strength of, 162, 245–246, 366, 434, 453, 480–481 on De Witt murders, 205 Army (Spanish), 222, 228, 230, 264, 283, 322–333, 371 German princes, mission to, 1688, 545–546 Army (English) conspiracy against James II, 525–526 Grave, siege of, 297 Arnhem, 166 Holland, influence in, 430 Arundell, Henry, Baron Arundell of Wardour, 118, 389 on invasion conspiracy, 540 Asfelt, Claude François, Baron d’, 479 invasion of England, 1688, 545, 549, 551, 560, 561– Asperen, van, regent of Holland, 371 562 Assentar, Marquis d’, 287, 291 marriage, 424, 428, 502, 538 Association Treaty of 1681, 447–448, 449, 454, 460, mission to Berlin, 1688, 544 462–463, 465, 466, 510 mission to James II, 498–499 Ath, 289–290, 294–295, 311, 325, 343–344, 349, 379, missions to England, 350–352, 357, 475–476, 477– 482 478 Augsburg, League of, 519, 541 Monmouth, mediation with, 493–494 Austro-Brandenburg army, 219–220, 225–227, 228– as page to William, 101 232, 243 secret intelligence network in England, 531 Austro-Brandenburg treaty of 1672, 182–183 on Spanish Netherlands muster, 1683, 484 Austro-Brandenburg treaty of 1686, 518 uxuriousness, 575 Austro-Spanish treaty of 1673, 255 William’s English visit, 1670-71, 141, 143 Auvergne, Comte d’, 244 William’s relationship with, 314, 503, 551 Avaux, Jean-Antoine de Mesmes, Count d’ William’s smallpox, 323 20-year truce, 488 William’s wedding negotiations, 385 Amsterdam, negotiations with, 402, 483–485 Bentinck, Willem, death of, 544 Association Treaty, intrigues against, 447–448 Berkeley, Sir Charles, 88 Franco-Dutch tariff dispute, 534 Berwick, James FitzJames, Duke of, 518, 529, 561 Franco-Spanish war, 1683, 481–485 Beuningen, Coenraad van invasion preparations, 1688, 353, 549–550, 554, ambassador to England, 138, 141, 342–343, 448, 555–556 451, 455 on Louis XIV’s support for James II, 557 Amsterdam, political power in, 132–133, 212, 473, Luxemburg, blockade of, 446, 453, 454, 457 484 on Monmouth at William’s court, 492, 494 Anglo-Dutch alliance, prospects of, 396 on Philippe of Brandenburg as William’s successor, armistice proposal of 1673, 250 519 Association Treaty, 447–448 Republicans, intrigues with, 433–434 Bentinck mission to England, 350–351 Sweden, Dutch treaty of 1681, 445 Brandenburg treaty of 1686, 510 Avignon, 542, 559 Colbert tariff, 125 Aylva, Hans Willem van, 243, 248 devolution, Louis XIV’s claims, 115 on English neutrality, 306 B English peace negotiations, 181, 183–188, 191, 267 Baccleuch, Anna Scot, Duchess of, 424 Frederick William of Brandenburg, mediation of, 486– Baden, Louis William, Margrave of, 335 487 Banchem, Johan van, 207–208 Huguenot revolts, involvement in, 284 Barillon, Paul madness of, 470 Charles II’s accusation of bribery, 362 negotiating power, restrictions on, 366 Charles II’s mediation efforts, 357 Spanish alliance, 253–254 Charles II’s secret agreement, 1680, 414–415 war taxation, 247 Du Cros scheme, 375–376 William’s relationship with, 208, 451, 469–470, 473, Exclusion crisis, 415–416 481–482, 506 James II, accession of, 495, 499–500 Beverninck, Hieronymus van James II, negotiations with Louis XIV, 553–554 Bentinck mission to England, 350 Luxemburg, blockade of, 459–460 character, 95 memoir (Luxemburg crisis), 454–455 Cologne peace conference, 250 peace terms, 1678, 364–367, 370 Cromwell, negotiations with, 43 Sunderland, support for, 511 Dutch army, provisioning of, 230, 261 William and Mary’s marriage, 355 on Dutch determination to continue the war, 339 barrier fortresses (Spanish Netherlands), 111–112, 446, embassy to Charles II, 149 478, 482, 488 English peace negotiations, 1672, 181, 183–185, 187 Bath, John Granville, Earl of, 561, 568 as Field Deputy, 160–166, 222 Beaufort, François de Vendôme, Duke of, 113 France, threat from, 133 Bedford, William Russell, earl of, 526, 535 Gelderland, sovereignty of, 318 Bellefonds, Marshal Bernardin Gigault, Marquis of, 120, Maastricht, march on, 1672, 228 287 mission to Louis XIV, 1678, 370 Bellings, Richard, 389 2 William III Beverninck, Hieronymus van (Continued) on De Witt murders, 205 Nijmegen peace conference, 338, 371–372, 373, 374, Dijkveldt’s mission to England, 522–524 376 on Downing, 89 Spanish alliance, 146–147 on English navy, 1688, 567 St-Denis, battle of, 377 Fagel’s letter to James Steward, 528–529 town councils, reform of, 508 invasion conspiracy, 538 Treasury General, resignation as, 93 on Monmouth, 493 Bicker, Wendela, 50 on Penn, 517 Binch, capture of, 231 Torbay landing, 1688, 568 Blaspiel, Brandenburg ambassador, 369–370 on William and Mary’s relationship, 515–516 Bleswijck, Burgomaster of Amsterdam, 371 on William as protestant champion, 144–145 Blois, Madamoiselle de, 306 on William’s secret vice, 503 Blydenstein, Charles Henri van den Kerkhoven, Baron Buysero,