UNDERSTANDING 19TH-CENTURY INDUSTRY • THE BIRTH OF THE MAYA • PREHISTORY DEFROSTED FALL 2004 a quarterly publication of The Archaeological Conservancy Vol. 8 No. 3 43> $3.95 7525274 91765 archaeological tours led by noted scholars superb itineraries, unsurpassed service For the past 29 years, Archaeological Tours has been arranging specialized tours for a discriminating clientele. Our tours feature distinguished scholars who stress the historical, anthropological and archaeological aspects of the areas visited. We offer a unique opportunity for tour participants to see and understand historically important and culturally significant areas of the world. Professor Barbara Barletta in Sicily SICILY & SOUTHERN ITALY VIETNAM GREAT MUSEUMS: Byzantine to Baroque Touring includes the Byzantine and Norman monuments Beginning with Hanoi’s rmuseums and ancient pagodas, As we travel from Assisi to Venice, this spectacular tour of Palermo, the Roman Villa in Casale, unique for its 37 we continue into the heartland to visit some of the ethnic will offer a unique opportunity to trace the development rooms floored with exquisite mosaics, Phoenician Motya minorities who follow the traditions of their ancester’s. We of art and history out of antiquity toward modernity in and classical Segesta, Selinunte, Agrigento and will see the temples and relics of the ancient Cham both the Eastern and Western Christian worlds. The Siracusa — plus, on the mainland, Paestum, Pompeii, peoples, and the villages and religious institutions of the tour begins with four days in Assisi, including a day trip Herculaneum and the incredible "Bronzes of Riace." modern Cham. In the imperial city of Hue, marvelous to medieval Cortona. It then continues to Arezzo, Padua OCTOBER 9 – 25, 2004 17 DAYS remains of the Nguyen kings are set against the romantic and Ravenna, where we will see churches adorned with Led by Prof. Barbara Barletta, University of Florida Perfume River, while in the old port of Hoi An the blend of some of the richest mosaics in Europe. Our tour ends architectural styles of its temples, pagodas and shrines with three glorious days in Venice. Throughout we will MAY 28 – JUNE 13, 2005 17 DAYS will enchant us. After exploring the waterways of the delta, experience the sources of visual inspiration for a Led by Prof. Blaise Nagy, College of the Holy Cross we end our stay in the river port of Ho Chi Minh, where a thousand years of art while sampling the food and drink THE DESERT FRONTIERS OF EGYPT sense of vitality permeates the atmosphere. that have enhanced the Italian world since it was the An exploration of ancient Egypt’s geographic frontiers DECEMBER 31, 2004 – JANUARY 16, 2005 17 DAYS center of the Roman Republic and Empire. and the peoples, goods and ideas that have crossed Led by Prof. Jeffrey Riegel, U. of California, Berkeley MARCH 2 – 13, 2005 12 DAYS them. Highlights include border fortifications along the Led by Prof. Ori Z. Soltes, Georgetown University Suez, the ancient remains of a turquoise mine at SRI LANKA Sarabit el-Khadim, Coptic desert monasteries along the Among the world’s first Buddhist kingdoms, the island of MAYA SUPERPOWERS Red Sea, St. Catherine’s monastery in the Sinai and the Sri Lanka offers wonders far exceeding its small size. As This tour examines the ferocious political struggles newly opened tombs and temples in Luxor. Our four- we explore this mystical place, we will have a glimpse of between the Maya superpowers in the Late Classical day cruise on Lake Nasser will enable us to visit sites life under kings who created sophisticated irrigation period. At the heart of these struggles was a bitter not easily accessible to travelers. The spectacular systems, built magnificent temples and huge dagobas, antagonism between Tikal in Guatemala and Calakmul in desert landscapes of the Sinai and serenity of Lake carved 40-foot-tall Buddhas and built a royal residence Mexico. New roads will allow us to visit these ancient Nasser will add to the magic of this special tour. and gardens on the top of a 600-foot rock outcropping. cities, as well as Lamanai, the large archaeological project Our journey takes us to six World Heritage sites as well at Caracol in Belize, Copan and Edzna and Kohunlich in OCTOBER 8 – 26, 2004 19 DAYS as monasteries, tea plantations, wildlife sanctuaries, Mexico. The tour also provides opportunities to experience Led by Prof. Lanny Bell, Brown University colonial hill stations, colorful rituals and festivals giving us the still-pristine tropical forest in the Maya Biosphere NORTHERN CHILE & EASTER ISLAND an understanding of Sri Lankan culture and history. Reserves. Our adventure ends in Campeche, a UNESCO The enigmatic giant statues on Easter Island and the JANUARY8 – 25, 2005 18 DAYS World Heritage Site. enormous areas of perfectly preserved geoglyphs of Led by Prof. Sudharshan Seneviratne, U. of Peradeniya MARCH 5 – 21, 2005 17 DAYS northern Chile will be highlights of this unusual tour. In Led by Prof. Jeffrey Blomster, George Washington U. Chile visits include the archaeological remains of THE SPLENDORS OF ANCIENT EGYPT NOVEMBER 11 – 27, 2005 the Atacameno culture, pre-Inca fortresses, fine This in-depth tour begins with six days visiting Cairo’s Led by Prof. John Henderson, Cornell University museums, old colonial churches and Santiago. Lastly, major sites. We will also spend a day in the Delta we study the fascinating prehistoric Rapa Nui culture visiting Tanis and in the Faiyum Oasis to see the TUNISIA during our seven-day stay on remote Easter Island. collapsed pyramid of Meydum and Roman Karanis. Based in Tunis for four days, we will spend a full day at With five full days in Luxor we will have a thorough OCTOBER 21 – NOVEMBER 7, 2004 18 DAYS Phoenician Carthage and explore the northeastern part exploration of the temples and tombs of Thebes, as well Led by Dr. Jo Anne Van Tilburg, University of California of the country. Leaving Tunis we tour Dougga, as Dendera and Abydos before a five-day Nile cruise on Thuburbo Majus, the unique underground Numidian GREAT MUSEUMS: Berlin, Vienna & Turin the deluxe Oberoi Philae. The tour concludes with three capital at Bulla Regia, Sbeitla, the Islamic monuments This tour focuses on the great museum collections of days in Aswan, the Nubian Museum and Abu Simbel. in Kairouan and Tunisia’s major Roman and Byzantine Egyptian, Classical and Near Eastern Art in Berlin, Vienna FEBRUARY4 – 23, 2005 19 DAYS sites. We will spend two days exploring oases deep in and Turin. For all who have visited Egypt, Turkey, Greece, NOVEMBER 11 – 30, 2005 the Sahara Desert — plus lovely coastal towns, Berber Italy or Syria, or will visit these places, this tour is a Led by Prof. Lanny Bell, Brown University villages and exotic bazaars. treasure trove of art from their ancient cities. We will visit MAY 20 – JUNE 5, 2005 17 DAYS major collections of Christian art as well as museums EASTERN INDIA Led by Professor Pedar Foss, DePauw University known for their paintings. There will also be opportunities Our new tour of the states of Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and to attend opera, ballet or other performances. Bihar, the birthplace of Buddhism, begins in Hyderabad, ADDITIONAL TOURS brimming with palaces, tombs and mosques. In Orissa Egypt for Grandparents & Grandchildren; Libya; Malta, OCTOBER 7 – 17, 2004 11 DAYS we experience traditional Hindu culture at the pilgrimage Led by Prof. Ori Z. Soltes, Georgetown University Sardinia & Corsica; Silk Road of China; Ireland; Japan; town of Puri and the colossal temple to the sun god at Cyprus, Crete & Santorini; Etruscan Italy...and more. SOUTHERN INDIA Konarak. In Calcutta, capital of British India, we visit This popular tour begins in Bombay and includes the India’s earliest archaeological museum. The tour ends in Ellora and Ajanta rock-cut cave temples and the state of Bihar. Housed within a small triangle are Kanchipuram, one of the seven sacred cities of India. We three incredible sites, Bodhgaya, where Buddha gained will visit the famous shore temples outside Madras, the enlightenment, Rajgir, place of Buddha’s meditation, and temples and palaces of Trichy, Madurai, Mysore, Goa and Nalanda, site of the great 5th-century international sail the backwaters of Kerala to Cochin. Highlights of the Buddhist university. The tour is enhanced by colorful tour will be Badami’s cave temples and the extraordinary cultural performances commissioned for our group. Vijayanagar ruins at Hampi, a World Heritage site. FEBRUARY 18 – MARCH 8, 2005 19 DAYS FEBRUARY7 – MARCH 3, 2005 24 DAYS Led by Prof. Sudharshan Seneviratne, U. of Peradeniya Led by Prof. John M. Fritz, University of Pennsylvania american archaeology a quarterly publication of The Archaeological Conservancy Vol. 8 No. 3 fall 2004 COVER FEATURE 27 THE WORLD WIDE WEB OF ANTIQUITIES BY ELAINE ROBBINS The Internet is providing a new market for illegal antiquities trading. Archaeologists and law enforcement officials are struggling to deal with this problem. 12 UNDERSTA NDING 19TH-CENTURYINDUSTRY BY HILARY DAVIDSON America’s military-industrial complex began with the West Point Foundry. Archaeologists are investigating the foundry’s remains to understand how it operated. 20 PREHISTORY DEFROSTED BY CATHERINE DOLD Melting ice patches in Canada’s Yukon Territories are yielding amazing ancient organic artifacts. 31 THE BEGINNINGS OF MAYA CIVILIZATION BY MICHAEL BAWAYA Researchers have largely ignored the piedmont region in southern Guatemala. But there are indications that it played an important role in the Maya’s development. 40 THE FATHER OF SOUTHWESTERN ARCHAEOLOGY BY TAMARA STEWART Alfred Vincent Kidder employed a scientific methodology in his work at Pecos Pueblo. 44 new acquisition RABINOWITZ WOODLAND SITE DONATED BY CONCERNED LANDOWNER J E R R Y Having never been excavated, the Giesey site could offer a wealth 2 Lay of the Land of information about its inhabitants.