INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from aity type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and in^roper alignmentcaa adversely afreet reproductioa In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyr%ht material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overltq)s. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photogrtq>hs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for aiy photographs or illustrations ^ïpearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directfy to order. UMI A Bell & Howell InformationCompany 300 North ZeeD Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 A LEXICAL APPROACH TO WORD ORDER VARIATION IN KOREAN DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University. By Chan Chung, B.A., M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 1995 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Carl Pollard Peter Culicover Robert Levine Advisor \ Craige Roberts Department of Linguistics UMI Number: 9544539 UMI Microform 9544539 Copyright 1995, by DMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 To my family and to the memory of my father 11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere thanks to my advisor, Carl Pollard, for his precise and insightful comments, endless encouragement, and careful personal attention throughout whole years of my graduate study at the Ohio State University. Especially at the time of finishing the dissertation, I cannot avoid the feeling of privilege to have had such a great advisor. Needless to say, the desire of exploring Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) has arisen from frequent interactions with him. I am very grateful to him for having allowed me to participate in the NSF project (studies in constituent ordering in HPSG) as an RA. Many basic ideas of this dissertation have been inspired from group discussion on the project. My thanks also extend to other dissertation committee members, Peter Culicover, Craige Roberts, and Robert Levine for their helpful and insightful comments. Peter Culicover guided me to broaden my views and to consider the same phenomena from different angles, especially from the GB point of view. Without him, I might have missed incorporating many important previous researches into my dissertation. Craige Roberts, comments was very helpful, especially for the organization of the dissertation and for filling up some logical gaps. Without her, this dissertation might have been just a iii collection of separate pieces of papers. I am also thankful to Robert Levine for his comments. I also appreciate Robert Kasper, Adreas Kathol and Eun Jung Yoo, who were the members of the NSF project discussion group, for their comments and discussion, especially on the earlier version of chapters 4 and 5. Their comments made me reconsider the earlier analyses which now I believe was too complicated. I also thank Mineharu Nakayama in the East Asian department for having provided me with relevant Japanese literature and references. His comments helped me to escape from falsely overgeneralizing some of my claims into Japanese data. My thanks also go to Korean colleagues in our department — Gwang Yoon Go, Hyunseok Kang, Woo Soon Kang, Heyri Kim, No Ju Kim, Ki-Suk Lee, Eun Jung Yoo and Jae Hak Yoon - for their generosity on time whenever I bothered them with Korean data. Discussion with them often helped me to clarify vague ideas. I also appreciate the teachers back in Korea - my former advisor Prof. Byung Soo Park, Prof. Yong II Kong, and Prof. Sang Cheol Ahn — for their support and encouragement. As for outside of linguistic societ)-, I express my deepest thanks to the ones who are most important in my life, my wife Kyung Hee and my son Wook. I thank them for their patient waiting, understanding, and helps in every aspect. I could not imagine how my graduate study could be done without them. I wish I could put their names on my diploma instead of mine. I am also grateful to our parents in Korea for their special support and patience, especially, to my father, who had missed us so much but passed away last winter without seeing us again. iv I also thank my first spiritual teacher Pastor Kun Sang Lee, for his teaching of a true Christian’s life through his own life, and for his prayer for our family. Most of all, I thank the Lord for guiding me throughout my life. VITA July 17, 1960 ...........................................................Bom — Pusan, Korean 1987 ............................................................................. B. A., Department of English, Kyung Hee University Seoul, Korea 1989 .............................................................................M.A., Department of English, Kyung Hee University Seoul, Korea March, 1990 - July, 1990 ..........................................Instructor of English, Kyung Hee University Seoul, Korea Jan., 1991 - Aug., 1991 ............................................... Graduate Research Associate Department of Linguistics Columbus, Ohio Sep., 1991 - Present ..................................................... Graduate Teaching Associate Department of Linguistics Columbus, Ohio PUBLICATIONS Korean auxiliary verb constructions without VP nodes. 1993. Harvard Studies in Korean Linguistics V, ed. by S. Kuno et al. Seoul: Hanshin. 274-286. A Lexical approach to inalienable possession constructions in Korean. 1993. Papers in Syntax, ed. by C. Pollard and A. Kathol. Ohio State University Working Papers in Linguistics. 46-87. VI Scrambling in Korean and its effect on anaphor binding: an alternative to movement theory. 1993. Proceedings of the Tenth Eastern State Conference on linguistics, ed. by A. Kathol and M. Bernstein. Cornell University. 46-57. Grammatical prominence and anaphor binding in Korean. 1994. Chicago Linguistic Society 30, Volume 1: Main Session, ed. by K. Beals, et al. 117-130. Prominence of an antecedent and its effect on anaphor binding in Korean. To appear. Description and Explanation in Korean Linguistics, ed by R. King. Center for Korean Studies Monograph Series. East Asian Institute, UC Berkeley. FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field; Linguistics Studies in Syntax and Semantics VII TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION ..........................................................................................................ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS........................................................................................ iii VITA vi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. i 1.1. Debate on Word Order Varation; Previous Analyses abd Their Problems .......................................................................................................... 3 1.1.1. Dual Representations; Lexical Strîicîure and Constituent Structure . 3 1.1.2. Hierarchical Constituent Structure and M o v e - a ....................................8 1.1.3. Type Raising . , 14 1.1.4. ID/LP format and L ib e ra tio n ..................................................................18 1.2. Theoretical Framework: Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar . 23 1.2.1. Sorted Feature Structures and Lexical E n trie s ..........................................23 1.2.2. Projection of a Lexical Entry: ID Schemata, Principles and LP Constraints 31 1.2.3. Lexical R ules.............................................................................................. 38 1.2.4. Some Extensions ........................................................................................ 43 1.2.4.1. Case Principle ............................................................................. 43 1.2.4.2. Thematic H ie ra rc h y ........................ ........................................ 47 1.3. Proposals and Overview ........................................................ 51 V lll CHAPTER n CLAUSE STRUCTURES IN K O R E A N ............................................................56 2.1. No Evidence for Hierarchical S tru ctu res ................................................57 2.1.1. Coordination and Proform Tests .............................. 58 2.1.2. Case Assignment ......................................................................................... 60 2.1.3. Emotion Verb Constructions ........................................................................63 2.1.4. Honorific Agreement ................................................................................... 65 2.1.5. VP-Topicalization and VP-Clefting ............................................................66