REVITALIZATION OF MONGOLIA’S Public Disclosure Authorized PROTECTED AREAS THROUGH EFFECTIVE FOREST MANAGEMENT OF BOGD KHAN UUL Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized 1 May 27, 2010 2 Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................... 3 CHAPTER 1: DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT .............................................................................. 9 Project development objective and key indicators ................................................................................................ 9 Project area ......................................................................................................................................................... 14 CHAPTER 2: DESCRIPTION OF THE BOGD KHAN UUL ENVIRONMENT ............................. 16 Bogd Khan Uul SPA .............................................................................................................................................. 16 Valley-by-Valley Description ................................................................................................................................ 18 Bogd Khan Uul as a Sacred Mountain .................................................................................................................. 33 Archaeology ......................................................................................................................................................... 36 Sensitive Elements at Risk ................................................................................................................................... 36 Current Site threats and Pressures ....................................................................................................................... 39 CHAPTER 3: POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORKS, INCLUDING WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES ........................................................................................... 56 Policy Framework ................................................................................................................................................ 56 Legal Framework ................................................................................................................................................. 57 Administrative Framework .................................................................................................................................. 67 World Bank Operational Policies ......................................................................................................................... 68 CHAPTER 4: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ................................................................................ 71 The No-Project Situation ...................................................................................................................................... 71 The With-Project Situation .................................................................................................................................. 72 Alternatives considered and reasons for rejection ............................................................................................... 73 CHAPTER 5: POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, MITIGATION MEASURES, AND ENHANCEMENTS .................................................................................................................................. 76 Component 1: Management of Bogd Khan Uul Strictly Protected Area ............................................................... 76 Component 2: Mainstreaming of Protected Area Considerations into Economy-wide Policies and Plans ............ 81 Component 3: Overall Project Management ........................................................................................................ 81 Environmental Impacts of the Parallel Financed Centers ..................................................................................... 82 CHAPTER 6: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN ...................... 83 General Construction Precautions ....................................................................................................................... 83 General Planning Precautions .............................................................................................................................. 83 General Fieldwork Precautions ............................................................................................................................ 83 Envirnmental Monitoring Plan ............................................................................................................................. 86 Roles and Responsibilities.................................................................................................................................... 86 Capacity Building ................................................................................................................................................. 87 Monitoring Budget .............................................................................................................................................. 87 3 CHAPTER 7: SOCIAL ASSESSMENT ................................................................................................. 89 Overview of context ............................................................................................................................................ 89 Bogd Khan Uul SPA and Use of Land and Resources............................................................................................. 90 People Living Inside Bogd Khan Uul SPA .............................................................................................................. 90 People Living Adjacent to Bogd Khan Uul SPA ..................................................................................................... 93 Socio-economic survey ........................................................................................................................................ 96 Socioeconomic summary by Settlement .............................................................................................................. 99 Discussion of Socioeconomic Surveys ................................................................................................................ 105 Social Impacts .................................................................................................................................................... 106 Social Development Actions .............................................................................................................................. 112 CHAPTER 8: SOCIAL MONITORING PLAN ................................................................................. 114 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 114 Roles and Responsibilities.................................................................................................................................. 114 Capacity Building ............................................................................................................................................... 114 Monitoring Budget ............................................................................................................................................ 115 CHAPTER 10: CONSULTATIONS ................................................................................................... 116 CHAPTER 11: CONCLUSIONS ......................................................................................................... 120 Environment ...................................................................................................................................................... 120 Social ................................................................................................................................................................. 120 APPENDIX 1: CVS OF CONSULTANTS ......................................................................................... 121 APPENDIX 2: INTERVIEWEES ....................................................................................................... 123 APPENDIX 3: CONSULTATIONS .................................................................................................... 124 APPENDIX 4: RADIATION RISKS FROM COAL ......................................................................... 133 APPENDIX 5: POSSIBLE LOCATIONS OF THE BUFFER ZONES ........................................... 134 Selecting areas for Buffer Zones ........................................................................................................................ 134 APPENDIX 6: JICA CENTER – GENERAL ASSESSMENT .......................................................... 140 APPENDIX 7: KUWAIT-MONGOLIA RESEARCH CENTER – EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF DETAILED EIA .................................................................................................................................... 144 APPENDIX 8: LETTER FROM THE INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY REGARDING THE JICA CENTER SITE ...................................................................................................................................... 155 4 APPENDIX 9: GENERAL AGENCY FOR SPECIALIZED INSPECTION