HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT TSING MA CONTROL AREA DIVISION BRIDGE HEALTH SECTION “Current and Future Bridge Health Monitoring Systems in Hong Kong” by Eur Ing Dr. WONG, Kai-Yuen TMCA Division, Highways Department The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 1 HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT TSING MA CONTROL AREA DIVISION BRIDGE HEALTH SECTION Why Bridge Health Monitoring System is needed? • Monitoring Structural Performance and Applied Loads • Facilitating the Planning of Inspection and Maintenance • Validating Design Assumptions and Parameters • Updating and Revising Design Manuals and Standards 2 HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT TSING MA CONTROL AREA DIVISION WASHMS BRIDGE HEALTH SECTION 1. WASHMS refers to Wind And Structural Health Monitoring System. 2. Application: “wind sensitivity structures”, i.e. frequency lower than 1 Hz. 3. Existing Bridges with WASHMS: (i) Tsing Ma & Kap Shui Mun Bridges - LFC-WASHMS. (ii) Ting Kau Bridge - TKB-WASHMS. 4. Future Bridges with WASHMS: (i) The Cable-Stayed Bridge (Hong Kong Side) in Shenzhen Western Corridor - SWC-WASHMS. (ii) Stonecutters Bridge - SCB-WASHMS. 3 ShenzhenShenzhen HIGHWAYS AREA DIVISION DEPARTMENT TSING MA CONTROL BRIDGE HEALTH SECTION ShekouShekou Shenzhen Western YuenYuen LongLong Corridor NewNew TerritoriesTerritories Ting Kau Bridge TuenTuenMun Mun ShaShaTin Tin Tsing Ma Bridge TsingTsingYi Yi Kap Shui Mun Bridge KowloonKowloon Hong Kong HongHong KongKong Stonecutters Bridge InternationalInternational AirportAirport LantauLantau HongHong KongKong IslandIsland IslandIsland 4 Tsing Ma Bridge 5 HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT TSING MA CONTROL AREA DIVISION BRIDGE HEALTH SECTION Kap Shui Mun Bridge 6 Ting Kau Bridge 7 HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT TSING MA CONTROL AREA DIVISION BRIDGE HEALTH SECTION View of the 3 bridges from Southwest Corner of TMCA Ting Kau Bridge Tsing Ma Bridge Kap Shui Mun Bridge 8 HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT TSING MA CONTROL AREA DIVISION BRIDGE HEALTH SECTION The two cable-stayed bridges in Shenzhen Western Corridor 9 HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT TSING MA CONTROL AREA DIVISION BRIDGE HEALTH SECTION Stonecutters Bridge HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT TSING MA CONTROL AREA DIVISION BRIDGE HEALTH SECTION Part 2 System Architecture and Operation of WASHMS 11 HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT TSING MA CONTROL AREA DIVISION BRIDGE HEALTH SECTION System Architecture of WASHMS The four WASHMSs, i.e. LFC-WASHMS, TKB-WASHMS, SWC-WASHMS and SCB-WASHMS, are all configured into six integrating modules: • Sensory System (SS) • Data Acquisition and Transmission System (DATS) • Portable Data Acquisition System (PDAS) • Data Processing and Control System (DPCS) • Structural Health Evaluation System (SHES) • Portable Inspection and Maintenance System (PIMS) 12 HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT TSING MA CONTROL AREA DIVISION BRIDGE HEALTH SECTION Part 3 Current WASHMS 13 HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT TSING MA CONTROL AREA DIVISION BRIDGE HEALTH SECTION Layout of Sensory System (SS) 14 Layout of SS and DAS in LFC-WASHMS (TMB Part) Layout of SS and DAS in LFC-WASHMS (KSMB Part) Layout of SS and DAS in TKB-WASHMS HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT TSING MA CONTROL AREA DIVISION BRIDGE HEALTH SECTION Details of Different Types of Sensory System 18 Detail of Accelerometers Accelerometers Accelerometers on Main Cable HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT 19 TSING MA CONTROL AREA DIVISION Accelerometers on Main Cable of Tsing Ma Bridge BRIDGE HEALTH SECTION Accelerometers Accelerometers Mounted on Longitudinal Detail of Accelerometers on Longitudinal Stabilizing Cable Stabilizing Cable Bi-axial Accelerometers on Longitudinal Stabilizing Cable of Ting Kau Bridge HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT TSING MA CONTROL AREA DIVISION 20 BRIDGE HEALTH SECTION HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT TSING MA CONTROL AREA DIVISION BRIDGE HEALTH SECTION Dynamic Weigh-in-Motion Sensors 21 HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT TSING MA CONTROL AREA DIVISION Traffic Direction BRIDGE HEALTH SECTION HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT Dynamic Weigh-in-Motion Sensors for Lantau Fixed Crossing TSING MA CONTROL AREA DIVISION 22 BRIDGE HEALTH SECTION HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT TSING MA CONTROL AREA DIVISION BRIDGE HEALTH SECTION Portable Data Acquisition System (PDAS) 23 PDAS and Portable Accelerometers Remote Control Unit UPS Unit Battery Unit 1 Isolation Battery Unit 2 Transformer Main Controller Signal Conditioner (32 No. Channels) Communication Unit Accelerometers Mounting Portable Accelerometers for Suspenders Field Measurement Works on Tsing Ma Bridge HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT Portable Data Acquisition System for Field Vibration Measurement Works TSING MA CONTROL AREA DIVISION BRIDGE HEALTH SECTION 24 HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT TSING MA CONTROL AREA DIVISION BRIDGE HEALTH SECTION Data Processing and Control System (DPCS) 25 HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT TSING MA CONTROL AREA DIVISION BRIDGE HEALTH SECTION The DPCS in LFC-WASHMS & TKB-WASHMS • One UNIX-Based 64-bit Alpha Server equipped with SPIDAR (Modified), Customized MATLAB Software and MATLAB Data Analysis Suite for overall control of SS and DAs in LFC-WASHMS • One UNIX-Based 64-bit Alpha Server equipped with SPIDAR (Modified), Customized MATLAB Software and MATLAB Data Analysis Suite for overall control of Ss and DAS in TKB-WASHMS • Two 32-bit SGI Intel-Based (Quad-CPU) Visual Workstations equipped GPS Monitoring Software and MATLAB Data Analysis Suite for overall control of GPS including processing, analysis, display, archiving and storage of GPS data and Video Signals from CCTV Cameras 26 HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT TSING MA CONTROL AREA DIVISION BRIDGE HEALTH SECTION Structural Health Evaluation System (SHES) 27 HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT TSING MA CONTROL AREA DIVISION BRIDGE HEALTH SECTION The SHES for LFC-WASHMS & TKB-WASHMS • One 64-bit UNIX-Based (Quad-CPU) Alpha Server equipped with MSC/NASTRAN, ANSYS/Multiphysics, ANSYS/LS-DYNA, ANSYS/FE-SAFE, Structural Dynamic-Tools and MSC/PATRAN • One 64-bit UNIX-Based (Dual-CPU) Alpha Server equipped with Customized SPIDAR and MATLAB Data Processing Software • One 64-bit UNIX-Based Alpha Workstation equipped with MSC/PATRAN 28 HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT TSING MA CONTROL AREA DIVISION BRIDGE HEALTH SECTION Part 4 Limitations of Current WASHMS 29 HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT TSING MA CONTROL AREA DIVISION BRIDGE HEALTH SECTION Limitations of Current WASHMS • No Corrosion Monitoring • Insufficient Software Facilities for Automatic Data Processing and Analysis • No Automatic Facilities for Correlation between Measured Results and Performance Criteria given in Bridge Rating System* • Insufficient Screens for Instant Display of Monitoring Results 30 Section of Deck Level Accelerometer & Seismometer 48 Displacement Sensor 34 Anemometer 40 Strain Gauge 515 Temperature Sensor 388 Weigh-In-Motion Sensor 12 Temperature & Relative Humidity 28 Digital Video Cameras 16 GPS Sensor 20 Corrosion Cells 30 Section of Tower Stonecutters Bridge - Locations of Sensors HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT TSING MA CONTROL AREA DIVISION BRIDGE HEALTH SECTION 31 ) Weight (Tonnes Note : The measured bogie loads are derived from strain 7 - Car LAR Trains gauges installed in way-beams at Chainage 24662 Bogie Number Tsing Ma Bridge – Comparison between Measured and Design Bogie HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT TSING MA CONTROL AREA DIVISION 32 BRIDGE HEALTH SECTION Loads Screen Display of Instantaneous Displacement of Tsing Ma Bridge: HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT Bridge-Deck, Suspension Cables and Tower-Tops TSING MA CONTROL AREA DIVISION 33 BRIDGE HEALTH SECTION Screen Display of Time Series Displacement of Tsing Ma Bridge : Bridge-Deck HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT TSING MA CONTROL AREA DIVISION 34 BRIDGE HEALTH SECTION Comparison ofVerticalDeck by GPS,Accelerometers LevelSensorMeasurement and Displacement at TMB Mid-Span atTMBMid-Span Displacement Temperature (oC) Di spl acement (mm) Di spl acement (mm) for two consecutivedays from 03-Aug-200300:00 Measurement Sensor withTemperatureLevel Variation and GPS by Mid-Span TMB at Displacement Deck Vertical of Comparison 4600 4650 4700 4750 4800 4850 4900 4950 5000 5050 5100 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 20 25 30 35 40 800 850 900 950 00: 00: 00 00: 00 00: 00 03: 00: 00 03: 00 03: 00 06: 00: 00 06: 00 06: 00 09: 00: 00 09: 00 09: 00 12: 00: 00 12: 00 12: 00 15: 00: 00 15: 00 15: 00 18: 00: 00 18: 00 18: 00 GPS (TMB Mid Span) Mid (TMB GPS Time (hours) Effective Temperature Air Temperature 21: 00: 00 Time (hours) Time (hours) 21: 00 21: 00 Level SensorLevel 00: 00: 00 00: 00 00: 00 03: 00: 00 03: 00 03: 00 06: 00: 00 06: 00 06: 00 09: 00: 00 09: 00 09: 00 12: 00: 00 12: 00 12: 00 15: 00: 00 15: 00 15: 00 18: 00: 00 18: 00 18: 00 21: 00: 00 21: 00 21: 00 Deck Train Effect ignored Section A B C D Travel Direction of Heavy Vehicle AB C D Tsing Ma Bridge - Deck Displacement Influence Lines by GPS HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT TSING MA CONTROL AREA DIVISION BRIDGE HEALTH SECTION M.W Tower T.Y Tower CH23623 CH25000 Sensor Location Sensor Location CH23623 + ve µε Compression strain -veµε Tension strain Designed stress due to Live Load at SLS = ±60 MPa 37 Time-series acceleration data for points A1 and A2 Auto power spectrum for points A1 and A2 0.385Hz A1 0.385Hz A2 MSC. Patran 2001 r3 07-Apr-03 14:53:43 Fringe: NORMAL_MODE, Mode 1:Freq.=0.38619: Eigenvectors, Translational – (NON-LAYERED) (MAG) Deform: NORMAL_MODE, Mode 1:Freq.=0.38619: Eigenvectors, Translational 0.385Hz 1 0.9 0.8 A1 0.7 A2 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 Theoretical FEM for Kap Shui Mun Bridge (Theoretical frequency = 0.38619Hz) Coherence for points A1 and A2 Total No. of Grids = 10,914 Total No. of Grids = 10,914 Total No. of CBAR/ CBEAM = 24,234 Total No. of CBAR/ CBEAM = 24,234 Total No. of CQUAD4 = 42,906 Total No. of CQUAD4 = 42,906 Total No. of RBAR = 2,854 Total No. of RBAR = 2,854 Modulus 11 2 E cable = 1.95 x 10 N/m 11 2 E steel = 2.05 x 10 N/m 10 2 E concrete = 2.60 x 10 N/m Mass Density 3 ρcable = 8,200 kg/m 3 ρsteel = 8,800 kg/m 3 ρconcrete = 2,500 kg/m The Finite Element Model of Tsing Ma Bridge and HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT 3 TSING MA CONTROL AREA DIVISION List of Modelling Information BRIDGE HEALTH SECTION 9 1st Vertical Flexural Deck and 1st Vertical Cable Mode HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT (Mode No.