Science The Circulatory System and Lifestyle Choices Pupil Workbook Year 6 Unit 4 Name: Existing Knowledge: What do you know about the heart, the circulatory system and what it means to have a healthy lifestyle? 2 Session 1: What is the circulatory system? Key Knowledge Key Vocabulary The circulatory system consists of three independent Circulatory system systems that work together. Heart The heart (cardiovascular), the lungs (pulmonary) and Cardiovascular arteries, veins, coronary and portal vessels (systemic). Nutrients The system is responsible for the flow of blood, nutrients, oxygen and other gases, and as well as hormones to and Oxygen from cells. Task: Look at the image of the heart and think about how blood travels around the body. Put your hand on your heart and feel your heart beat. What does it feel like? How do you think your heart is moving your blood around your body? Write your ideas here: ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 3 What makes up our circulatory system? Your circulatory system is made up of three parts: the heart, the blood vessels and the blood itself. Your heart keeps all the blood in your circulatory system flowing. The blood travels through a network of blood vessels to every part of your body. It carries important materials such as oxygen, water and nutrients and it also removes waste products like carbon dioxide. The circulatory system contains three different types of blood vessels and these blood vessels make sure the blood gets to every single part of your body. The different types of blood vessels are: Arteries Veins Capillaries The arteries carry blood away from the heart (remember ‘a’ for arteries with ’a’ for taking blood away from the heart) and the veins carry it back. The capillaries have thinner walls than the arteries and veins and allow nutrients, water and oxygen to pass in and out of cells. Humans have a double circulatory system which means that the heart pumps blood to the lungs and back so or bodies can get rid of carbon dioxide (when we breathe out) and take in oxygen (when we breathe in). When our blood has oxygen in it we say it is oxygenated and when it does not have oxygen in it we say it is deoxygenated. On this diagram you can see the oxygenated blood in red – this is pumped around the body by the heart (away from the heart) through the arteries and capillaries. When the oxygen has been used by the parts of the body, the blood then travels back to the heart through the capillaries and veins. Task: Write five facts about the circulatory system using the information above: ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 4 5 6 Session 2: What is in your blood? Key Knowledge Key Vocabulary Blood is pumped round the body through blood vessels Blood vessels The blood has many functions such as transporting oxygen, Oxygen hormones, nutrients and water to the cells Infection Blood is made up of four different substances: red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma and platelets White blood cells The ‘normal’ percentage of each substance in the blood Red blood cells Each substance has a specific function Plasma The function of each substance in the blood Platelets Knowledge Quiz 1. How many circulatory systems do we have? 1 3 4 2. Which carry blood away from the heart? Veins 3. Which carry blood back towards the heart? Veins 4. What is the main organ in the circulatory system? Brain Liver Stomach 5. How many chambers does our heart have? 1 3 4 7 Task: Have you ever cut yourself or seen your own blood? What did it look like? What do you think blood is made up of? ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ What is blood made from? We know that blood is a major part of the circulatory system and we know that it moves around the body in blood vessels. We also know that these blood vessels are known as: Arteries Veins Capillaries But what is in our blood and what do the different substances in our blood do? From the diagram you can see that our blood is made from four different but very important things. These are: Plasma White blood cells Platelets Red blood cells 8 Task: Colour the hundred square to show the amount of each substance in the blood. Use the percentages on the previous page to guide you! The red blood cells should be red (or marked with the letter ‘R’) The white blood cells and platelets should be grey (or marked with the letter ‘W’) The plasma should be yellow (or marked with the letter ‘P’) What does each substance in the blood do? Red Blood Cells: Red blood cells are red in colour – they are the reason your blood is red. They transport oxygen around the body and remove the waste carbon dioxide. Red blood cells are doughnut shaped (without a hole) and are very flexible. Around 2-3million are made by your body every second and they work for approximately 120 days before being moved to the spleen or liver for recycling. White Blood Cells: White blood cells are white in colour. Thy fight off infections in the body as well as clear away dirt and help you to heal when you cut yourself. White blood cells do not make up much of the blood but they are very important. They have a rough texture and are very flexible in their shape. A white blood cell can also be known as a leukocyte. 9 Plasma: Plasma is the gloopy, liquid part of the blood and it makes up around 55% of it. The plasma in your blood is yellowish in colour although this can vary slightly in shade. Plasma is made up of water but also contains nutrients, hormones, antibodies and protein. It moves nutrients, fats and vitamins around the body and helps with the transport of carbon dioxide when it is leaving the body. It also helps with the transport of other waste products. Platelets: Platelets make your blood clot when you cut yourself. If you blood did not clot you would bleed continuously and your body would find healing very difficult. Platelets make up a very small proportion of the blood and are small in size – around 1/5 of the size of a red blood cell. They are colourless and usually ‘plate’ shaped unless they are clotting. At these times, they can change their shape to one which is needed – sometimes they can look like an octopus with long reaching tentacles. Task: Complete the table by describing: what each substance in the blood looks like; what each substance in the blood does; what may happen if someone did not have enough of the substance in their blood. Substance What I look like What I do What may happen without me Red Blood Cells 10 White Blood Cells Plasma Platelets 11 Task: Which substance in the blood do you think is most important? Explain your answer: ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 12 Session 3: What role do the lungs play in the circulatory system? Key Knowledge Key Vocabulary To identify the main parts of the human circulatory system. Lungs Describe the purpose of the lungs in the circulatory system Circulatory system Describe how the lungs function Blood vessels To explore different ways the lungs can be affected Carbon Dioxide Oxygen Knowledge Quiz 1. Which of the below are found in blood? Red Blood Cells Platelets Plasma 2. Which of the below transport oxygen around the body? Red Blood Cells Platelets Plasma 3. Which of the below is the liquid part of the blood? Red Blood Cells Platelets Plasma 4. Which of the below fights off infections and helps you to heal? Red Blood Cells Platelets Plasma 5. Which of the below helps your blood to clot? Red Blood Cells Platelets Plasma 13 Task: What do you know about the lungs and their function in the circulatory system? __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ What are the different