37797 Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized Environment and Social Development East Asia and Pacific Region THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433, USA Telephone: 202 473 1000 Facsimile: 202 522 1666 E-mail: worldbank.org/eapenvironment worldbank.org/eapsocial Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized Fishes of Mongolia A check-list of the fi shes known to occur in Mongolia with comments on systematics and nomenclature Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized MAURICE KOTTELAT Fishes of Mongolia A check-list of the fi shes known to occur in Mongolia with comments on systematics and nomenclature Maurice Kottelat September 2006 ©2006 Th e International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 USA September 2006 All rights reserved. Th is report has been funded by Th e World Bank’s Netherlands-Mongolia Trust Fund for Environmental Reform (NEMO). Some photographs were obtained during diff erent activities and the author retains all rights over all photographs included in this report. Environment and Social Development Unit East Asia and Pacifi c Region World Bank Washington D.C. Contact details for author: Maurice Kottelat Route de la Baroche 12, Case Postale 57, CH-2952 Cornol, Switzerland. Email: [email protected] Th is volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/Th e World Bank. Th e fi ndings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily refl ect the views of the Executive Directors of Th e World Bank or the governments they represent. Th e World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. Th e boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of Th e World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Th e material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. Th e International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/Th e World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA, telephone 978-750-8400, fax 978-750-4470, www.copyright.com. All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Offi ce of the Publisher, Th e World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA, fax 202-522-2422, e-mail pubrights@world bank.org. Contents Contents Foreword v Acronyms and Abbreviations vii Acknowledgments ix Executive Summary xi Introduction 1 Methods 3 Species Lists 7 Accounts of Species Recorded from Mongolia 13 Family Petromyzontidae 13 Family Acipenseridae 14 Family Salmonidae 15 Family Coregonidae 18 Family Th ymallidae 23 Family Esocidae 26 Family Cyprinidae 27 Family Nemacheilidae 50 Family Cobitidae 56 Family Siluridae 58 Family Lotidae 58 Family Percidae 59 Family Cottidae 59 Family Odontobutidae 61 Unidentifi able Records 61 Accounts of Species Recorded from Adjacent Areas 63 Recommendations 65 Bibliography 67 Appendix 1. Nomenclatural Information 85 Appendix 2. Figures 93 Addendum 103 iii Foreword Foreword ater is an essential element in Mongolia’s development plans; initiatives currently being considered include projects such as hydroelectric dams, water transfers, irrigation schemes, and aquaculture. Assessing the impacts of these projects on freshwater biodiversity is hindered W by inadequate knowledge of the fauna. Th e World Bank is supporting Mongolia in its eff orts to ensure sustainable exploitation of its considerable natural resources. Th is report is the latest product of the Environment and Social Development Department in the East Asia and Pacifi c Region of the World Bank, and has been produced within the framework of the Netherlands-Mongolia Trust Fund for Environmental Reform (NEMO). Th is wide-reaching initiative has touched almost all aspects of environmental management in Mongolia in 2005–06. In addition to this study, we have supported several other studies, such as assessing threats and devising management needs for a number of animal groups, analyzing the illegal wildlife trade and the illegal timber trade, and evaluating the success of tree planting projects. Th is report establishes a reliable and comprehensive list of Mongolian fi sh. Th e work is based on a review of the existing literature; interviews with local and international experts; examination of material preserved in natural history museums and research institutes in Beijing, Wuhan, St. Petersburg, Berlin, Stockholm and Paris; and supplementary fi eldwork. Maurice Kottelat has applied his unparalleled knowledge of the fi sh of the region to write a critical analysis of the fi sh fauna of Mongolia. Th is report represents an essential foundation of knowledge. Together with the recently published Red List of Mongolian Fish and the Action Plans for Mongolian Fish (which we also supported), it should provide indispensable material to support environmental impact assessments for any development project aff ecting water resources in Mongolia. Th is is the second time such a report has been published by the World Bank. We do so again in recognition of the foundational role of taxonomy in sustainable development, of the importance of freshwater biodiversity in the lives of subsistence and commercial fi shers, and of the important role that biological knowledge plays in natural resource planning. Magda Lovei Arshad M. Sayed Environment Sector Manager Mongolia Country Manager East Asia and Pacifi c Region Th e World Bank Th e World Bank v Acronyms and Abbreviations Acronyms and Abbreviations CD Coeffi cient of diff erence Code International Code on Zoological Nomenclature EIA Environmental Impact Assessment ESC Evolutionary Species Concept IHB Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan IZCAS Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing MNHN Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris mtDNA Mitochondrial DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) NEMO Netherlands-Mongolia Trust Fund for Environmental Reform PCA Principle Component Analysis SL Standard length USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics WWF World Wide Fund for Nature ZISP Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg ZMB Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin vii Acknowledgements Acknowledgements am pleased to thank the following persons for their help at diff erent stages of this work. M. Erdenebat (Institute of Geo-Ecology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences) assisted in the fi eld and provided literature, information, and translations. A. Dulmaa (Institute of Biology, MAS) provided literature and a visit to material under her care. Nina Bogutskaya translated some Russian texts. IE. Zhang translated some Chinese texts. B. Mendsaikhan (Institute of Geo-Ecology, MAS) provided information and literature. Nina Bogutskaya, Alexander Naseka (Institute of Zoology, St Petersburg), E. Zhang (Institute of Hydrobiology, Wuhan), Zhang Chun-Guang, Zhao Yahui, Li Gaoyang (Institute of Zoology, Beijing), Peter Bartsch, and Christa Lamour (Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin) provided access to material under their care and various museum and library facilities. Nina Bogutskaya read and commented on the text. Editorial assistance was provided by Bob Livernash, and the publication process was handled by Bryony Morgan, who spent many long hours checking and re-checking the text and compiling photographs. I am pleased to thank M. Erdenebat, Zeb Hogan and Johannes Schöff mann for permission to use their photographs. Th is publication would never have come to light without the eff orts, help, tenacity and friendship of Tony Whitten of the World Bank who planned and organised the work, and made enormous eff orts to get all possible benefi t from it. Th e study was funded by the Government of the Netherlands through the Netherlands-Mongolia Trust Fund for Environmental Reform (NEMO). ix Executive Summary Executive Summary total of 76 native fi sh species are reliably recorded in Mongolia’s waters. Five of them are possibly new to science and unnamed. Five additional species are often reported as being present in Mongolia but are in fact only presumed to exist and should be deleted from the Mongolian faunal lists. Four other species are introduced species that have not been sighted for years and Apresumably did not become established, and a further two are introduced species which have become established. Nine species are known from immediately adjacent waters in China and Russia and might be present, either as permanent inhabitants or vagrant individuals. Th e systematic status and nomenclature of all species have been reevaluated. Compared to the last synthesis of the fi shes known from the same area (Baasanjav & Tsendayush, 2001), 11 (15 percent) of the 72 formerly recognized species are invalid, and the names of 28 (39 percent) of the then-known species were incorrect (either because of misidentifi cations, or for various nomenclatural reasons). Th erefore, in total more than half (39 out of 72) of the species in this synthesis were incorrectly listed, to which a further 15 species not previously recognized should be added. Th is clearly demonstrates that present knowledge of fi sh diversity in Mongolia is far from adequate, that the number of species is underestimated, and that more species probably still await discovery. Survey work is needed in addition to an approach of taxonomy incorporating modern standards, concepts, and procedures. Th e fi sh fauna of the Chinese provinces of Xinjiang and Nei Mongol and of the Russian Tuva and Buryatia Republics have been compared with the Mongolian fi sh fauna, where relevant, in an attempt to make the nomenclatures used in the three countries compatible and in agreement with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.