October 22, 2020 The Boston Massacre March 5, 1770 October 22, 2020 propaganda - information designed to influence opinion committee of correspondence - an organization that used meetings, letters, and pamphlets to spread political ideas and resistance to British rule throughout the colonies October 22, 2020 October 22, 2020 October 22, 2020 October 22, 2020 October 22, 2020 The Boston Tea Party December 16, 1773 Tea Act of 1773 gave the British East India Company an unfair advantage selling tea in the colonies Colonists boycott the British tea In Boston, the Sons of Liberty board ships docked in Boston Harbor and dump over 300 chests of tea into the water October 22, 2020 PRICE OF TEA Before TEA ACT OF 1773 After October 22, 2020 King George III "We must master them or totally leave them alone" Coercive Acts • closed Boston Harbor • forced Bostonians to shelter British troops in public buildings and if necessary, private homes (quartering) • banned town meetings in Massachusetts Colonists called these laws the Intolerable Acts October 22, 2020 1st Continental Congress •meeting of 55 leaders from every colony but Georgia •met in September, 1774, in Philadelphia, PA •purpose was to establish political body to represent American interests and challenge British control Carpenter's Hall October 22, 2020 New Hampshire: John Sullivan, Nathaniel Folsom Who John Adams, Samuel Adams, Thomas Massachusetts Bay: Was Cushing, Robert Treat Paine Rhode Island: Stephen Hopkins, Samuel Ward There? Connecticut: Eliphalet Dyer, Roger Sherman, Silas Deane Isaac Low, John Alsop, John Jay, Philip New York: Livingston, James Duane, William Floyd, Henry Wisner, Simon Boerum James Kinsey, William Livingston, Stephen New Jersey: Crane, Richard Smith, John De Hart Joseph Galloway, John Dickinson, Charles Pennsylvania: Humphreys, Thomas Miffin, Edward Biddle, John Morton, George Ross Caesar Rodney, Thomas McKean, George Delaware: Read Matthew Tilghman, Thomas Johnson, William Maryland: Paca, Samuel Chase, Robert Goldsborough Peyton Randolph, Richard Henry Lee, George Washington, Patrick Henry, Virginia: Richard Bland, Benjamin Harrison, Edmund Pendleton William Hooper, Joseph Hewes, Richard North Carolina: Caswell Henry Middleton, Thomas Lynch, Jr., South Carolina: Christopher Gadsden, John Rutledge, Edward Rutledge October 22, 2020 What did they decide? 1. drafted list of complaints 2. boycott all British goods / no trade with Britain 3. endorsed the creation of militias (groups of citizen soldiers) "The distinction between Virginians, Pennsylvanians, New Yorkers, and New Englanders are no more...I am not a Virginian, but an American." Patrick Henry October 22, 2020 minutemen - citizen soldiers who boasted they could be ready to fight in a minute's notice colonists begin stockpiling weapons and ammunition in Concord, Massachusetts Thomas Gage - general in charge of British troops in Boston. He orders 700 troops to march to Concord to seize and destroy the colonial weapons April 18th, 1775, Dr. Joseph Warren sends Paul Revere and William Dawes to ride to Lexington to warn Samuel Adams and John Hancock that "the Regulars are coming." October 22, 2020 Paul Revere Dr. Joseph Warren John Hancock Sam Adams October 22, 2020 Dr. Samuel Prescott "unsung hero" only guy to make it to Concord to warn the colonists was later captured and died in prison October 22, 2020 October 22, 2020 The "shot heard 'round the world" the Redcoats (British soldiers) are met in Lexington by 70 minutemen led by John Parker on the village green. shots are exchanged and 8 minutemen are killed Redcoats continue march to Concord. When they arrive, most of the weapons are gone, and they are attacked by Colonial militia As the Redcoats retreat back to Boston, the colonial militias fire on them from concealed locations 174 Redcoats are wounded and 73 are killed THE WAR IS ON!! October 22, 2020 October 22, 2020 Benedict Arnold - American captain from Connecticut Ethan Allen - leader of Vermont militia group known as the Green Mountain Boys the two team up to capture the British Fort Ticonderoga and several British cannons in May, 1775 Benedict Arnold later betrayed America and became a general in the British army October 22, 2020 "Don't fire until you see the whites of their eyes." Battle of Bunker Hill, June 17, 1775 takes place outside of Boston 1,200 colonial militia led by Colonel William Prescott gather on Breed's Hill and Bunker Hill The British charge up Breed's Hill multiple times and take heavy losses Eventually the Americans run out of gunpowder and have to retreat October 22, 2020 October 22, 2020 Whose Side Are You On???????????????? Loyalists - American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the American Revolution Patriots - American colonists who were determined to fight the British until independence was won October 22, 2020 Second Continental Congress Assembled in May, 1775 in Philadelphia, PA John Hancock chosen as president Independence Hall October 22, 2020 Who Else Was There???????? John Adams Sam Adams Patrick Henry George Washington Benjamin Franklin Thomas Jefferson John Hancock October 22, 2020 What Did They Do? acted as government for the colonies during the Revolutionary War • printed money • set up a post office (Ben Franklin in charge) • created the Continental Army (George Washington in command) sent the Olive Branch Petition to King George III • expressed their desire for peace and the protection of their rights • King George III ignores it and hires 30,000 German soldiers to send to fight against America October 22, 2020 Back to the War....The Siege of Boston March, 1776, George Washington surrounds Boston and begins to bombard the city with cannons captured from Fort Ticonderoga The British, led by William Howe, evacuate the city October 22, 2020 John Locke 1632-1704 English Philosopher (person who likes to think about things) lived during the Enlightenment (Age of Reason) - European movement of the 1600s-1700s that emphasized knowledge, reason, and science over tradition and faith October 22, 2020 Wrote Two Treatises of Government in 1689 natural rights - rights that all people have, granted by God... in other words, you are born with them *“every man has a property in his own person. This nobody has any right to but himself. The • life, liberty, property labour of his body, and the work of his hands, we may say, are properly his…” social contract theory - idea that governments are created by people as a deal. the people will follow the rules as long as the government will protect their rights. if the government fails to uphold their end of the bargain, the people have the right to form a new government. October 22, 2020 According to John Locke's social contract theory……. •Who creates governments? •Why do they create them? •Where does the government’s power come from? •What happens if the government doesn’t do what they are supposed to? October 22, 2020 Thomas Paine 1737-1809 Born in England, died in New York Wrote a pamphlet called Common Sense in 1776 • argued in simple terms why America should be free from England • sold 500,000 copies in the first year • heavily influenced American desire for independence October 22, 2020 The Declaration of Independence June 7, 1776, Richard Henry Lee proposes American Independence "That these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States...and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved." A committee is assigned to draft a document (Ben Franklin, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston) July 2, 1776, the 2nd Continental Congress votes to accept Lee's proposal October 22, 2020 Thomas Jefferson writes the majority of the document After changes, the document was approved on July 4, 1776 56 men eventually signed the document October 22, 2020 Fifty-six delegates eventually signed the Declaration: President of Congress 1. John Hancock New Jersey (Massachusetts) 19. Richard Stockton 20. John Witherspoon New Hampshire 21. Francis Hopkinson Virginia 2. Josiah Bartlett 22. John Hart 40. George Wythe 3. William Whipple 23. Abraham Clark 41. Richard Henry Lee 4. Matthew Thornton Pennsylvania 42. Thomas Jefferson Massachusetts 24. Robert Morris 43. Benjamin Harrison 5. Samuel Adams 25. Benjamin Rush 44. Thomas Nelson, Jr. 6. John Adams 26. Benjamin Franklin 45. Francis Lightfoot Lee 7. Robert Treat Paine 27. John Morton 46. Carter Braxton 8. Elbridge Gerry 28. George Clymer North Carolina Rhode Island 29. James Smith 47. William Hooper 9. Stephen Hopkins 30. George Taylor 48. Joseph Hewes 10. William Ellery 31. James Wilson 49. John Penn 32. George Ross Connecticut South Carolina 11. Roger Sherman Delaware 50. Edward Rutledge 12. Samuel Huntington 33. George Read 51. Thomas Heyward, Jr. 13. William Williams 34. Caesar Rodney 52. Thomas Lynch, Jr. 14. Oliver Wolcott 35. Thomas McKean 53. Arthur Middleton New York Maryland Georgia 15. William Floyd 36. Samuel Chase 54. Button Gwinnett 16. Philip Livingston 37. William Paca 55. Lyman Hall 17. Francis Lewis 38. Thomas Stone 56. George Walton 18. Lewis Morris 39. Charles Carroll of Carrollton October 22, 2020 The Declaration of Independence 4 Basic Parts 1. The Preamble (introduction) - explains why the declaration is being written 2. List of natural rights 3. List of grievances (complaints) against England 4. Official Declaration of Independence October 22, 2020 What About the Loyalists? Also known as "Tories" Loyalist support was strongest