Notes and References CHAPTER 1: RUSSIAN DRAMA BEFORE THE REVOLUTION 1. G. Chulkov, 'Printsipy teatra budushchego' in Teatr (St Peterbsurg~ Shipovnik, 1908) p. 203. 2. C. Stanislavski, My Life in Art (Harmondsworth, Middx: Penguin Books, 1967) p. 189. 3. Ibid., pp. 301-2. 4. V. Bryusov, 'Realizm i uslovnost' na stsene' in Teatr, pp. 245-6. 5. Ibid., pp. 248-9. 6. V. Meyerkhol'd, 'Teatr (k istorii i tekhnike)' in Teatr, p. 147. 7. Ibid., p. 175. 8. See F. Sologub, 'Teatr odnoy voli' in Teatr, pp. 177-98. 9. Stanislavski, My Life in Art, pp. 362-3. 10. M. Gor'kiy, Meshchane in Sobranie sochineniy, 25 vols, vol. VII (Moscow: Nauka, 1970) p. 95. 11. R. Ben'yash, '"Meshchane" segodnya', Zvezda, 1968, no. 3, p. 159. 12. Gor'kiy, Sobranie sochineniy, vol. VII, p. 584. 13. A. Chekhov, Polnoe sobranie sochineniy i pisem, 20 vols, vol. XIX (Moscow: OGIZ, 1950) p. 180. 14. B. Byalik, M. Gor'kiy - dramaturg, 2nd edn (Moscow: Sovetskiy pisatel', 1977) p. 84. 15. Stanislavski, My Life in Art, p. 364. 16. Anon., 'Production which gets near heart of play', The Times, 10 May 1962, p. 5. 17. Ibid., p. 5. 18. I. Wardle, 'Problems of form or content', The Times, 19 Nov. 1979, p. 7. 19. D. Mirsky, A History of Russian Literature (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1968) p. 381. 20. V. Luzhskiy quoted in M. Stroeva, Rezhisserskie iskaniya Stanislavskogo 1898-1917 (Moscow: Nauka, 1973) p. 112. 21. Interview of 12 June 1903 quoted in Byalik, M. Gor'kiy- dramaturg, p. 93. 22. Gor'kiy, Sobranie sochineniy, vol. VII, pp. 622-3. 23. Stanislavski, My Life in Art, p. 366. 24. Ibid., p. 369. 25. V. Nemirovich-Danchenko, Izbrannye pis'ma, vol. 1 (Moscow: Iskus­ stvo, 1979) pp. 307 and 310. 26. Gor'kiy, Vragi in Sobranie sochineniy, vol. VII, p. 532. 168 Notes and References to pp. 20-42 169 27. Ibid., p. 515. 28. R. Bryden quoted in Gorky, Enemies (London: Eyre Methuen, 1972) p.i. 29. M. Billington, 'Dying gentry beneath Gorky microscope', The Times, 23 July 1971, p. 16. 30. Meyerkhol'd, '0 teatre' in V. E. Meyerkhol'd: Stat'i, pis'ma, rechi, besedy, vol.l (Moscow: Iskusstvo, 1968) p. 103. 31. A. Pyman, The Life of Aleksandr Blok, vol. 1 (Oxford University Press, 1979) p. 433. 32. A. Blok, 'Predislovie k sborniku "Liricheskie dramy" ' in Sobranie sochineniy, 8 vols, vol. IV (Moscow and Leningrad: Khudozhestven­ naya literatura, 1961) p. 433. 33. Ibid., p. 434. CHAPTER 2: SOVIET DRAMA, 1917-21 1. A. Yufit (ed.), Lenin. Revolyutsiya. Teatr (Leningrad: Iskusstvo, 1970) pp. 10-11. 2. KPSS v rezolyutsiyakh i resheniyakh s'ezdov, konferentsiy i plenumov TsK, Part 1, 7th edn (Moscow: Politicheskaya literatura, 1954) p. 420. 3. P. Kerzhentsev, Tvorcheskiy teatr, 4th edn (Petrograd: Gosudar- stvennoe izdatel'stvo, 1920) p. 29. 4. Ibid., p. 49. 5. Ibid., p. 49. 6. P. Kogan, V preddverii gryadushchego teatra (Moscow, 1921) p. 39. 7. SeeR. Russell, 'An English Influence on Russian Revolutionary Festi­ vals', Theatre Notebook, XL (1986) pp. 115-23. 8. Vestnik teatra, 1920, no. 48, p. 12. 9. A. Lunacharskiy, 'K voprosu o teatral'noy politike', Vestnik teatra, 1920, no. 74, p. 2. 10. V. E. Meyerkhol'd: Stat'i, pis'ma, rechi, besedy, vo!. II, p. 514. 11. S. Fitzpatrick, The Commissariat of Enlightenment (Cambridge Univer­ sity Press, 1970) p. 153. 12. Yufit (ed.), Sovetskiy teatr. Dokumenty i materialy, vo!. 1 (Leningrad: Iskusstvo, 1968) p. 360. 13. See A. Anastas'ev (ed.), Istoriya sovetskogo dramaticheskogo teatra, vol.l (Moscow: Nauka, 1966) p. 154. 14. Red Truth (Krasnaya pravda) and other plays of the Civil War period were republished in V. Pimenov (ed.), Pervye sovetskie p'esy (Moscow: Iskusstvo, 1958). 15. Pravda, 26 Feb. 1918, cited in L. Tamashin, Sovetskaya dramaturgiya v gody grazhdanskoy voyny (Moscow: Iskusstvo, 1961) p. 58. 16. Yufit (ed.), Sovetskiy teatr, p. 263. 17. Ibid., p. 266. 18. R. Fiilop-Miller, The Mind and Face of Bolshevism (London: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1927) p. 145. 19. For a more detailed discussion of the mass revolutionary festivals 170 Notes and References to pp. 42-66 seeR. Russell, 'People's Theatre and the October Revolution', Irish Slavonic Studies, VII (1986) pp. 65--84; F. Deak, 'Russian Mass Spec­ tacles', The Drama Review, XIX (1975) pp. 7-22; A. Gvozdev and A. Piotrovskiy, 'Petrogradskie teatry i prazdnestva v epokhu voennogo kommunizma' in V. Rafalovich (ed.), Istoriya sovetskogo teatra, vol. 1 (Leningrad: Gos. akademiya iskusstvoznaniya, 1933) pp. 264--90. 20. V. Mayakovskiy, Sobranie sochineniy, 13 vols, vol. I (Moscow: Khudo­ zhestvennaya literatura, 1955) p. 25. 21. E. J. Brown, Mayakovsky: a Poet in the Revolution (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1973) p. 335; R. Leach,' A Good Beginning: "Victory over the Sun" and "Vladimir Mayakovsky, a Tragedy" Re-assessed', Russian Literature, XIII (1983) p. 116. 22. Mayakovskiy, Sobranie sochineniy, vol. XII (1959) p. 200. 23. Mayakovskiy, Sobranie sochineniy, vol. II (1956) p. 245. 24. Ibid., p. 245. 25. Ibid., p. 204. 26. I. Il'inskiy, Sam o sebe (Moscow: Iskusstvo, 1984) pp. 196--7. 27. K. Rudnitsky, Meyerhold the Director (Ann Arbor: Ardis, 1981) p. 275. 28. Ibid., p. 255. 29. Brown, Mayakovsky, p. 200. CHAPTER 3: THE CIVIL WAR IN SOVIET DRAMA 1. S. Tret'yakov, '0 p'ese "Rychi, Kitay!"' in Slyshish', Moskva?!, Protivogazy, Rychi, Kitay! (Moscow: Iskusstvo, 1966) p. 159. 2. Ibid., p. 159. 3. L. Kleberg, 'Ejzenstejn's Potemkin and Tret'jakov's Ryci, Kitaj!', Scando-Slavica, XXIII (1977) p. 34. 4. Ibid., pp. 35--7. 5. S. Radlov, ' "Rychi, Kitay!" 'in Desyat' let v teatre (Leningrad: Priboy, 1929) pp. 144--5. 6. K. Trenev, P'esy, stat'i, rechi (Moscow: Iskusstvo, 1980) p. 602. 7. Ibid., p. 191. 8. E. Proffer, 'Mikhail Bulgakov: Documents for a Biography', Russian Literature Triquarterly, VII (1973) p. 472. 9. E. Polyakova, Spektakl' MKhAT 'Bronepoezd 14-69' (Moscow: Nauka, 1965) p. 31. 10. K. Stanislavskiy, Sobranie sochineniy, vol. VI (Moscow: Iskusstvo, 1959) p. 10. 11. Stroeva, Rezhisserskie iskaniya Stanislavskogo 1917-1938 (Moscow: Nauka, 1977) p. 214. 12. Polyakova, Spektakl' MKhAT, p. 25. Notes and References to pp. 67-86 171 CHAPTER 4: BULGAKOV'S THE WHITE GUARD AND FLIGHT 1. M. Bulgakov, Teatra/'nyy roman in Romany (Moscow: Khudozhestven­ naya literatura, 1973) pp. 307-8. 2. See Ya. Lur'e and I. Serman, 'Ot Belay gvardii k Dnyam Turbinykh', Russkaya literatura (1965) 2, pp. 194--203; and L. Yanovskaya, Tvor­ cheskiy put' Mikhaila Bulgakova (Moscow: Sovetskiy pisatel', 1983). 3. Stroeva, Rezhisserskie iskaniya Stanislavskogo 1917-1938, p. 145. 4. The account which follows is greatly abbreviated. For fuller details see E. Proffer, Bulgakov (Ann Arbor: Ardis, 1984) pp. 184--204. 5. L. Milne, Introduction to Bulgakov, Belaja gvardija (Munich: Verlag Otto Sagner, 1983) p. 7. 6. For a negative view see Proffer, Bulgakov, pp. 186--7; for a more positive view see Milne, p. 7. 7. Proffer, 'Mikhail Bulgakov: Documents', p. 450. 8. Ibid., p. 460. 9. Bulgakov, Dni Turbinykh in Dramy i komedii (Moscow: Iskusstvo, 1965) p. 88. 10. Ibid., p. 114. 11. Milne, Introduction to Bulgakov, The White Guard (London: Eyre Methuen, 1979) p. x. 12. V. Sakhnovskiy quoted in Milne, Introduction to Bulgakov, Belaja gvardija, p. 5. 13. 'Pis'mo M. Bulgakova sovetskomu pravitel'stvu', Grani, 66 (1967) pp. 155--61. 14. J. Stalin, 'Reply to Bill-Belotserkovsky' in Works, vol.XI (Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1954) p. 343. 15. F. Mikhal'skiy and M. Rogachevskiy (eds), Moskovskiy Khudo­ zhestvennyy teatr v sovetskuyu epokhu (Moscow: Iskusstvo, 1974) p. 544. 16. Rudnitsky, 'Bulgakov's Plays', Russian Literature Triquarterly, XV (1978) p. 128. 17. Proffer, Bulgakov, p. 223. 18. Bulgakov, Beg in Dramy i komedii, p. 167. 19. A. C. Wright, Mikhail Bulgakov: Life and Interpretations (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1978) pp. 124--5. 20. Ibid., p. 136. 21. Bulgakov, Beg, p. 168. 22. Ibid., p. 166. 23. Wright, Mikhail Bulgakov, p. 131. 24. Yanovskaya, Tvorcheskiy put' Mikhaila Bulgakova, p. 194. 25. Stalin, 'Letter to Bill-Belotserkovsky', p. 342. 26. Pyman, Introduction to Bulgakov, On the Run (London: Ginn and Co., 1972) p. 22. 27. Wright, Mikhail Bulgakov, p. 140. 28. Ibid., p. 140. 172 Notes and References to pp. 87-105 CHAPTER 5: SATIRICAL COMEDY AND MELODRAMA 1. See R. Chapple, Soviet Satire of the Twenties (Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1980) p. 7. 2. B. Romashov, Vozdushnyy pirog in P'esy (Moscow: Sovetskiy pisatel', 1954) p. 70. 3. Ibid., p. 70. 4. Ibid., p. 91. 5. A. Trabskiy (ed.), Sovetskiy teatr. Dokumenty i materialy, vol. III, Russkiy sovetskiy teatr 1921-1926 (Leningrad: Iskusstvo, 1975) pp. 239-40. 6. See H. Segel, Twentieth-Century Russian Drama from Gorky to the Present (New York: Columbia University Press, 1979) pp. 192-3. 7. Trabskiy (ed.), Sovetskiy teatr, vol. III, p. 242. 8. P. Markov' "Vozdushnyy pirog". Teatr revolyutsii', Krasnaya gazeta, 4 March 1925. Reprinted in Markov, 0 teatre, vol. III (Moscow: Iskusstvo, 1976) pp. 24:Hi. 9. N. Gorchakov, 'Rabota K. S. Stanislavskogo nad sovetskoy p'esoy' in Voprosy rezhissury (Moscow, 1954) pp. 84-143. 10. L. Belozerskaya-Bulgakova, My Life with Mikhail Bulgakov (Ann Arbor: Ardis, 1983) p. 129. 11. Gorchakov, 'Rezhisserskie kommentarii k p'ese V. Kataeva "Kvadra­ tura kruga" ', foreword to Kataev, Kvadratura kruga (Moscow and Leningrad, 1929). 12. B. Romashov, 'Korolevskiy bradobrey v Studii im. F. I. Shalyapina', Izvestiya, 16 Oct. 1923, p. 6. Cited in A. Al'tshuler et al. (eds), Ocherki istorii russkoy sovetskoy dramaturgii (Leningrad and Moscow: Iskus­ stvo, 1963) p. 311. 13. See, for example, N. A. Gorchakov, The Theater in Soviet Russia (New York: Columbia University Press, 1957) p.