Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42497-4 — Gods and Humans in Medieval Scandinavia Jonas Wellendorf Index More Information 200 Index Adam of Bremen, 1 – 5 , 10 Bel, 103 , 112 , 114 Annar formáli nýgjörður , 113 – 14 b ǫ nd (bonds) apologetic writings in the cultic sphere, 21 – 22 Apology of Aristides , 27 – 28 etymology, 18 – 19 doctrinal sections in sagas of the saints, 28 – 29 metaphor for, pre- Christian, 18 – 19 Lactantius, 18 , 106 Óðinn and binding metaphors, 19 – 20 in the mythical sphere, 13 in Prose Edda , 19 Apology of Aristides , 27 – 28 religion as, 18 Ari Þorgilsson, 10 term, 17 Aristides of Athens, 27 – 28 Borst, Arno, 102 Ashman Rowe, Elizabeth, 53 Bragi Boddason, 3 – 4 , 14 Assmann, Jan, 15 – 16 Breta sǫ gur , 62 Atlantica (Rudbeck), 117 Augustine Caesar, 64 criticism of mythical theology, 13 Christian scriptures on M. Terentius Varro, 8 – 9 analogies with Norse paganism, 84 – 87 , 91 on Wisdom of Solomon, 25 declarations of identity, 92 – 93 autoeuhemerization, 74 , 80 Gylfaginning / Gospel of John analogy, 91 – 92 treatments of Norse mythology, 110 – 11 Baal/ Bel, 103 , 112 , 114 Christianization Baldr demonization of pagan gods, 3 – 6 as Baal, 112 , 114 kingship during the conversion era, 109 – 10 death of, in Annar formáli nýgjörður , 114 monotheism, 3 depiction in Gesta danorum , 71 Cicero, 65 – 66 and Hotherus, 90 – 91 classical tradition Bandadrápa (Eyjólfr Dáðaskáld), 21 – 22 and the Gesta danorum , 74 , 82 Barlaams saga Guðmundur Andrésson and, 112 – 13 cosmolatry of the Chaldeans, 32 – 34 and interpretatio , 62 – 63 , 65 – 66 hierarchical model of disbelief, 31 – 32 , Norse mythology within, 33 – 34 , 111 35 , 40 – 42 physical theology, 7 , 13 , 17 idolatry of polytheism, 35 Saxo Grammaticus and, 74 , 82 idolatry of the Greeks, 33 – 34 , 49 Clunies Ross, Margaret, 8 interpretatio in, 33 – 34 Codex Wormianus (Prologus ) Nachor’s speech against disbelief, 24 , additional Prologus sections, 100 – 1 29 – 32 , 110 allonyms, 105 origins of, 28 contents of, 100 stories about polytheistic gods, 36 critical stance of, 107 – 8 zoolatry of the Egyptians, 34 – 35 linguistic confusion, 103 Battista, Simonetta, 66 linguistic loss in, 103 , 105 Beck, Heinrich, 84 – 87 , 91 – 93 migration myths, 104 – 5 200 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42497-4 — Gods and Humans in Medieval Scandinavia Jonas Wellendorf Index More Information 201 Index 201 Óðinn, 101 , 104 – 5 hierarchical model in the Wisdom of rise of idolatry, 103 , 106 – 7 Solomon, 25 , 27 scholarship on, 100 and the migration myth, 84 story of Saturn, 101 , 103 – 4 , 106 – 7 Nachor’s speech against disbelief (Barlaams Tower of Babel, 96 , 102 – 4 saga ), 29 – 32 , 110 Zoroaster, 101 , 103 , 106 in the Prologus (Prose Edda ), 36 cosmolatry tripartite division of in the Wisdom of of the ancient Germani, 37 Solomon, 25 , 27 within Caesar’s hierarchy, 64 worship of inanimate of the Chaldeans (Barlaams saga ) , 3 2 – 3 4 objects, 41 giants as personii cations of the elements, 37 – 38 dísir , 41 in Norse literature, 37 – 38 , 41 Divine Antiquities (Antiquitates rerum overview of, 25 – 26 divinarum ) (Varro), 8 – 9 sun and moon in the days of the week, 67 – 69 divinity Um þat hvaðan ótrú hófsk , 49 of the Norse gods, 2 – 3 cultic sphere tripartite theology and, 8 – 9 b ǫ nd and h ǫ pt terms, 19 – 22 Dronke, Peter, 23 , 84 bottom- up human/ divine interactions, 22 Dronke, Ursula, 20 , 23 , 84 complementarity with the mythic sphere, Dumézil, Georges, 71 11 – 13 , 16 cult of Æsir, 23 , 74 Egils saga einhenda , 5 pre- Christian, 1 – 2 , 10 – 11 Egils saga Skallagrímssonar , 22 solar cults, 37 Egyptians top- down divine– human interactions, 21 – 22 in the Wisdom of Solomon, 25 zoolatry of (Barlaams saga ), 34 – 35 Daniel of Winchester, 2 Eiríkur Jónsson, 107 – 8 De falsis diis (Ælfric of Eynsham), 43 – 48 , 61 Erlendr Óláfsson, 52 De Vries, Jan, 14 Euhemerism, see also idolatry demonology autoeuhemerization, 74 , 80 accommodation within Christian worldview, 7 benefaction, 97 – 98 demonization of Freyja, 4 dei ned, 17 demonization of Óðinn, 3 – 5 doctrine of, 97 demonization of Þórr, 4 in Gesta danorum , 72 – 73 demonological explanation for disbelief (Um of the Greeks, 34 þat hvaðan ótrú hófsk ), 45 – 46 , 48 , 51 , 110 in Isidore of Seville’s writings, 98 in Gylfaginning , 8 6 – 8 7 , 9 0 and the migration myth, 84 of idolatry, 35 – 36 , 39 in Norse literature, 36 – 39 , 84 – 85 in the Latin historiographical tradition, 4 – 5 physical theology and, 17 in Norse literature, 5 role of poetry, 98 – 99 in the Prose Edda , 87 – 91 in Snorronic writings, 84 – 85 role of the devil (Um þat hvaðan ótrú hófsk ) , 5 0 – 5 1 in Stjórn I, 97 – 98 in translations of the lives of saints, 4 in Um þat hvaðan ótrú hófsk , 49 – 50 in Zoroastrian texts, 5 in the Wisdom of Solomon, 26 – 27 disbelief, see also cosmolatry ; idolatry ; zoolatry in Ynglinga saga , 38 Aristides of Athens, 27 – 28 Eyjólfr Dáðaskáld, 21 – 22 condemnation of in medieval Eyvindr Finnsson, 3 writings, 23 – 24 demonological explanation for Faulkes, Anthony, 23 , 84 disbelief (Um þat hvaðan ótrú hófsk ), Ferrari, Fulvio, 44 45 – 46 , 48 , 51 , 110 Finnur Jónsson, 107 – 8 etiologies of in Norse vernacular, 27 Flateyjarbók hierarchical model in Barlaams saga , 3 1 – 3 2 , mention of Lýtir, 12 35 , 40 – 42 Óðinn as the devil, 5 hierarchical model in Norse literature, Þorsteins þáttr uxafóts , 40 3 6 – 3 7 , 4 0 – 4 1 V ǫ lsa þáttr , 1 1 – 1 2 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42497-4 — Gods and Humans in Medieval Scandinavia Jonas Wellendorf Index More Information 202 202 Index Fourth Lateran Council, 85 – 86 , 93 goð , term, 19 Freyja goðmálgar , 14 in the days of the week, 67 – 68 G ǫ ngu- Hrólfs saga , 95 – 96 demonization of, 4 Gormo, king, 72 – 73 , 81 family ties, 2 , 38 Great Saga of Óláfr Tryggvason , 38 – 39 Freyr Greeks in Egils curse, 22 euhemerism and, 34 Fricco as, 3 , 39 – 40 idolatry of (Barlaams saga ), 33 – 34 , 49 in the Great Saga of Óláfr Tryggvason , 38 – 39 Guðmundur Andrésson as theonym for Frø, 80 – 81 and the classical tradition, 112 – 13 worship of in Vatnsdœla saga , 39 – 40 Lexicon Islandicum , 112 in the Ynglinga saga , 38 life and works of, 112 – 13 Fricco (Freyr), 3 , 39 – 40 V ǫ luspá text, 15 , 112 – 13 Frigg Gunnar Harðarson, 53 – 54 in the days of the week, 67 – 68 Gylfaginning as Venus, 61 analogic thinking in, 86 – 87 Frigga, 78 analogy with the Gospel of John, 91 – 92 demonology in, 86 – 87 , 90 Germani, ancient earthly Æsir, 87 , 89 – 90 , 92 contrasted with the Galli, 64 j ǫ lkunnigr (term), 89 religious rites of the Nahanarvali, 63 – 64 linguistic change and earthly sacrii cial rites of the Semnones, 20 – 21 understanding, 96 seven- day week, 67 – 69 and the migration myth, 84 universalization by Roman Odinic triad/ Holy Trinity analogies, 86 legionnaires, 64 – 65 sjónhveri ngar in, 89 – 90 worship of nature, 37 title of, 89 Gesta danorum (Saxo Grammaticus), see also Saxo Grammaticus Hadingus king, 71 , 76 , 78 , 80 – 82 Æsir- cult, 74 Hákon Aðalsteinsfóstri, 10 Byzantium home of the gods, 73 Hákon the Good, 109 and the classical tradition, 74 , 82 Haukr Erlendsson depiction of Baldr, 71 career of, 51 – 53 e i cacy of the Norse gods, 71 – 72 , 80 – 82 compilation of Hauksbók , 5 2 – 5 4 euhemerism in, 72 – 73 Hauksbók, see also Landnámabók ; Um þat hvaðan false faith in idols, 78 – 79 ótrú hófsk the Fates, 80 Breta sǫ gur , 62 Frøblod ’Frø sacrii ce’ at Uppsala, 80 – 81 Brunnr er einn í Paradísu , 56 giants/ wizards/ diviners, 75 – 76 compilation by Haukr Erlendsoon, 52 – 54 Hotherus, 90 – 91 Elucidarius excerpts, 58 – 59 , 107 idolatry of the Danes, 72 – 73 encyclopedic sections, 54 – 60 , 69 integration of pre- Christian mythology, 73 – 74 Frá því hvar hverr Nóa sona byggði heiminn , 58 King Gormo’s paganism, 72 – 73 genesis of, 52 – 53 Othinus’s two exiles, 78 – 80 Hér segir frá margháttuðum þjóðum , 58 rejection of universalization, 76 Hér segir frá því hversu lǫ nd liggja í replaceability of the gods, 79 – 80 verǫ ldinni , 57 the superi (those above), 80 Icelandic sections, 53 – 54 theomancy, 73 – 74 Kristni saga , 41 , 53 , 61 two- storied model of divinities, 74 , 80 , 82 – 83 Norwegian sections, 54 – 60 , 69 giants orthography, 54 and cosmolatry, 41 Prologus , 56 Nimrod, 102 – 3 sermon on Ember days, 59 as personii cation of the elements, 37 – 38 sermon on superstition, 58 primordial settings of, 38 Trójumanna saga , 6 1 – 6 2 risar , 103 Um borgaskipan ok legstaði heilagra manna , 59 the m ǫ rnir as giantesses, 11 – 12 Um regnboga , 59 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42497-4 — Gods and Humans in Medieval Scandinavia Jonas Wellendorf Index More Information 203 Index 203 Um sólstǫ ðúr , 59 Khosroe (Khosrow II), 92 Um uppstigning sólar ok ni ðrsetning , 59 Kristni saga , 41 , 53 , 61 Heimskringla compilation, 10 , 84 Kvasir, 15 Hercules, 63 – 64 Hesiod, 106 Lactantius, 18 , 106 Hƭ ðr, 3 Landnámabók , 23 , 41 , 52 – 53 , 61 Holtsmark, Anne, 84 – 91 language, see also Tower of Babel Honorius Augustodunensis (Elucidarius ), linguistic change and earthly understanding, 58 – 59 , 107 96 , 101 – 2 , 105 h ǫ pt (chains, fetters) linguistic confusion, 103 etymology, 18 – 19 linguistic loss, 103 , 105 in the Prose Edda , 19 Latin historiographical tradition in the ritual sphere, 20 demonization of pagan gods, 4 – 5 Hotherus, 90 – 91 in Gesta danorum (Saxo Grammaticus),