Armand Letellier (Colonel ret.) DND Language Reform: Staffing the Bilingualism Programs 1967-1977 DIRECTORATE OF HISTORY Socio-Military Series * * * No. 1 Jean-Pierre Gagnon, The 22nd (French-Canadian) Battalion, 1914-1919: Socio-military history. No. 2 Jean Pariseau and Serge Bernier, French Canadians and Bilingualism in the Canadian Armed Forces, Vol. I - 1763-1969, The Fear of a Parallel Army. No. 3 Armand Letellier, DND Language Reform: Staffing the Bilingualism Pro- grams, 1967-1977. To be published No. 4 Jean Pariseau and Serge Bernier, French Canadians and Bilingualism in the Canadian Armed Forces, Vol. II - 1969-1983, Official Languages: DND’s Response to the Federal Policy. Additional Reading The Memoirs of General Jean V. Allard (written in cooperation with Serge Bernier), René Morin, DND Dependants’ Schools, 1921-1983, Ottawa, NDHQ, Direc- torate of History, 1986. i © Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1987 Available in Canada through Associated Bookstores and other booksellers or by mail from Canadian Government Publishing Centre Supply and Services Canada Ottawa, Canada K1A 0S9 Catalogue No. D63-2/3 E Canada: $13.95 ISBN 0-660-12490-4 Other Countries: $16.75 Price subject to change without notice All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval sys- tem, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or oth- erwise, without the prior written permission of the Publishing Services, Canadian Govern- ment Publishing Centre, Ottawa, Canada K I A OS9. Letellier, Joseph Oscar Armand - 1915 1. Official Languages, Canada 2. Bilingualism, Canadian Government Policy on 3. National Defence, Canada, 1967-1977 4. Canada, socio-military history Note. In the writing of this volume the author has been given full access to relevant official documents in possession of the Department of National Defence but the inferences drawn and the opinions expressed are those of the author himself and the department is in no way responsible for his reading or presentation of the facts as stated. Également disponible en français sous le titre: Réforme linguistique à la Défense nationale: la mise en marche des programmes de bilinguisme, 1967-1977 ii DND Language Reform: Staffing the Bilingualism Programs 1967-1977 ARMAND LETELLIER (Colonel ret.) DND Language Reform: Staffing the Bilingualism Programs 1967-1977 Socio-Military Series No. 3 Directorate of History NDHQ, Ottawa 1987 Table of Contents Abbreviations and Definitions............................................................... ix List of Photographs................................................................................ xi Foreword by W.A.B. Douglas ............................................................... xiii Eplanatory Note by J. Pariseau.............................................................. xv Preface................................................................................................... xvii Part One ON CREATING THE ‘BILINGUAL SECRETARIAT’ SEPTEMBER 1967 — 1968 I —Formation of the ‘Bilingual Secretariat’ .......................... 1 II —Consequences of the Ross Report.................................... 3 III —Defence Council Meetings on our Bilingualism Projects and the Petition to Cabinet ................................. 9 IV —Attitude and Behaviour at National Defence Headquarters .................................................................... 21 V —Reactions of the General Officers Commanding ............. 31 VI —The Cabinet's Decisions and Mr. Pearson's Concerns........................................................................... 41 VII —Directives of the Chief of the Defence Staff; Preparation of the Implementation Plans ......................... 47 vii Part Two ON BECOMING DIRECTOR GENERAL OF BILINGUALISM AND BICULTURALISM AUGUST 1971 — NOVEMBER 1977 VIII —My Return to the Department of National Defence............................................................................. 69 IX —Status of the Program and Plans for Bilingualism at the Department in August, 1971................................... 71 X —Review and Approval of the Military Program................. 77 XI —Status of the Civilian Program .......................................... 111 XII —Actions in Support of Bilingualism and Biculturalism .................................................................... 115 XIII —1973................................................................................... 143 XIV —1974................................................................................... 171 XV —1975................................................................................... 195 XVI —1976................................................................................... 217 XVII —1977................................................................................... 235 Documentary Sources............................................................................ 243 Annexes A Organization Chart, Bilingual Secretariat, 1967.................. 251 B Organization Chart, NDHQ, 1971 ....................................... 252 C Organization chart, DGBB, August 1971 ............................ 253 D Organization chart, DGBB, January 1973 ........................... 254 E Organization chart, DGBB, December 1973........................ 255 F Organization chart, DGBB, December 1976........................ 256 Index ...................................................................................................... 258 viii Abbreviations and Definitions AADM(Per) Associate Assistant Deputy Minister (Personnel) ADM(Fin) Assistant Deputy Minister (Finance) ADM(Mat) Assistant Deputy Minister (Material) ADM(Per) Assistant Deputy Minister (Personnel) ADM(Pol) Assistant Deputy Minister (Policy) AMU Air Movement Unit B & B Bilingualism and Biculturalism (policy of) B & B Royal Commission of Inquiry on Bilingualism and Commission Biculturalism BGen Brigadier-General CAF Canadian Armed Forces CDEE Canadian Defence Education Establishments CDS Chief of the Defence Staff CFLS Canadian Forces Language School CG Comptroller General CLR Coordinator of Linguistic Requirements CMR Collège militaire royal de St-Jean COL Commissioner of Official Languages CP Chief of Personnel CPCO Chief of Personnel Careers - Officers CPD Chief, Personnel Development C Prog Chief of Programs C Res Chief of Reserves DBPA Directorate of Bilingual Programs Assessment DBPP Directorate of Bilingual Plans and Programs DC Defence Council DCDS Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff DGBB Director General (or Directorate General) of Bilin- gualism and Biculturalism DGDE Director General, Dependants’ Education DG Info Director General, Information DGOL Director General of Official Languages DGPC Director General, Postings and Careers DGRC Director General, Reserves and Cadets DLT Directorate of Language Training DM Deputy Minister ix DMC Defence Management Committee DND Department of National Defence DO Directorate (or Director) of Organization DTTP Director of Translation and Terminology Policy ELU English-Language Unit FLU French-language Unit Francotrain French-language Training FTD French-language Training Division GOC General Officer(s) Commanding HQ Headquarters JAG Judge Advocate General LCo1 Lieutenant-Colonel LGen Lieutenant-General MGen Major-General NDEU National Defence Employees’ Union NDHQ National Defence Headquarters NDMC National Defence Medical Centre NU National Unit OLAO Official Languages Administrative Organization OLIN Official Languages Information Network PS Public Service PSC Public Service Commission RAdm Rear-Admiral RCMP Royal Canadian Mounted Police RMC Royal Military College RRMC Royal Roads Military College SMC Senior Management Committee SX Senior executive in the Public Service UWF Unit Working in French VAdm Vice-Admiral VCDS Vice Chief of the Defence Staff x List of Photographs (p. 61-67) 1. Rt Hon L.B. Pearson, PC, CC, OBE Hon P.T. Hellyer, PC 2. General J. V. Allard, CC, CBE, DSO, ED, CD Brigadier-General A. Ross, DSO, CD 3. Hon L.A. Cadieux, PC E.B. Armstrong 4. Roger Lavergne Major Louis Noël de Tilly, CD 5. Brigadier-General M. Richard, CD Major P. Clavel, CD 6. Lieutenant-General W. Carr, CMM, DFC, CD Lieutenant-General M.E. Pollard, DSO, DFC, AFC, CD 7. Colonel P. Chassé, MBE, CD Colonel J. Fournier, OMM, CD (p. 135-141) 8. Rt Hon P.E. Trudeau, PC, CC Hon D.S. Macdonald, PC 9. S. Cloutier C.R. Nixon 10. General F.R. Sharp, CMM, DFC, CD General J.A. Dextraze, CC, CBE, CMM, DSO, CD xi 11. Admiral R.H. Falls, CMM, CD General R.M. Withers, CMM, CD 12. Major-General J. Hanna, CD Major-General D.A. McAlpine, CMM, CD 13. Major-General J.P.R. LaRose, CD Commander Pierre Simard, CD 14. Lieutenant-General J.J. Paradis, CMM, CD General C.G.E. Thériault, CMM, CD xii Foreword The introduction of official bilingualism, by any yardstick, has been one of the most contentious reforms ever attempted in the Canadian Armed Forces. Even more, perhaps, than unification the Official Languages Act has created deep divisions of opinion about the merits of the concept and the methods by which it should be implemented. Those charged with Staffing the Bilin- gualism Programs were exposed to bitter criticism by people who thought things were moving too fast, yet had to withstand com- plaints, and resist pressures, by others who thought change was not coming about fast enough. Bridging the gap between these two factions demanded wisdom and administrative skill of a high order. Armand Letellier wrote this