Stereo Pickups & Phono cartridges: 1958 - today - stereophonic sound customer . Pickup Technology by some popular stereo Pickups & Cartridges 1958 - today Some well-known stereo Pick-up from 1958 to today " URLs OF popular cartridge & pickup fire " The influence OF A so-called ' Compensation Capacitor ' on frequency response OF mm of cartridges. " the influence of a compensation condenser on the frequency response of a mm pick-up. 1958 This is typical frequency response OF 1st generation Ceramics stereo Pickup Typical frequency response of one of the first ceramic(s) stereophonic sound customers: Fig. 2.1 file:///C|/HiFiStuff/CartridgeDatabase/PickupTechnology.htm (1 of 17)6/3/2005 11:12:39 AM Stereo Pickups & Phono cartridges: 1958 - today - stereophonic sound customer Ceramics Pickup cartridge by ELAC: BST 1 (1958) [ 2.2 ] Ceramic(s) pick-up . Fig. 2.2 refers tons of A Fig. 2.2 refers to the fundamental basic construction OF structure of a piezoelectric pick- piezoelectric pickup that up, as it was usually planned with which usually supplied crystal elements from with low turntables cost. Seignettesalz Most OF thesis pickups (Kaliumnatriumtartrat) for have seignette salt crystals inexpensive record players. To based on potassium the unfavorable influence of sodium tartrate. Regarding temperature and air humidity on the disadvantageous such a crystal connection ceramic influence OF temperature (s) offers against it by far more and humidity, more favorable characteristics. Fig. however, ceramics instead shows 2.1 the frequency OF that crystal compound response of a piezokeramischen does more offer much pick-up made of barium titanate more better properties. (asking IO 3 ). Fig. 2.1 shows the frequencies response OF A piezo ceramic pickup larva The piezoelectric pick-up family OF barium of titanates does not need usually the (asking IO ). Entzerrung necessary for 3 magnetic systems! Crystal or Piezo electric pickup family ceramic(s) pick-ups usually usually does emergency supplies in addition more output need equalization as voltage than magnetic (+30 necessary for magnetic railways... 40 railways in relation type! Generally, crystal or to mm of version), which delivers ceramics cartridges more only few millivolts with 1 kHz; MC deliver more outputs Fig. 2.2 types (Moving Coil) are volume-meets than Piezo electric stereo Pickup. appropriate with this frequency magnetic ones. The Simple example for construction [ 2.8 ]. usually still below millivolt. difference is +30 tons of 40 railways vs. mm of type that usually give out A few Fig. shows 2.2.1 a ceramic(s) milli volt only RK 1 kHz. stereophonic sound customer of Moving coil type typically RFT (Leipzig). Both the bearing DO less than 1 millivolt RK house and the coupling bar that frequencies. consist of hard rubber. The camp block of the clay/tone needle carrier is in the pick-up housing, Fig. 2.2.1 shows A ceramic which was however removed stereo pickup, as here. manufactured by RFT, Leipzig, Germany. The support block (blue) is larva OF hard more rubber, as wave as the coupling more lever (white). The support block OF more Fig. 2.2.1 decaying Ceramic Pickup by RFT, cantilever (stylus rod) has East Germany. Photo by the author. its position into the cartridge box which has been removed! file:///C|/HiFiStuff/CartridgeDatabase/PickupTechnology.htm (2 of 17)6/3/2005 11:12:39 AM Stereo Pickups & Phono cartridges: 1958 - today - stereophonic sound customer How ton plug in A How does one attach a Crystal or Ceramic crystal or a ceramic(s) pick- Pickup up? Unfortunately, decay audio Unfortunately modern audio amplifiers have NO special amplifiers does not have a inputs jack for A piezo eingangsbuchse for piezo electric pickup! This is A electrical pick-ups! This is in as very disadvantageous item much from disadvantage as the since the AUX input usually Aux entrance in this case usually does emergency guarantee does not best possible rendition best audio performance quality ensured. However one into this case. However, brought matching circuits out, reliable adapters circuits which are appropriate for the have been introduced for connection at the magnetic pick- using now the amplifier's up entrance! magnetic pickup inputs! Fig. 2.2.2 36 railways t reducer Fig. 2.2.2 reveals A 36 as well as an execution in form of railways t Attenuator as a simple L of member (27 wave as A simple l-type railways) reveal. Such adapters version (27 railways). Note absolutely need a shielded wave that search adapter housing! must have A shielded case! In the year 1958 specialists In 1958, Experts recommend the exchange of the recommend ton replace Fig. 2,2,2 Two adapters circuits for best setup. sapphire of piezoelectric pick-ups sapphire stylus OF piezo after about 50 operation hours. electric pickups after about On the other hand magnetic or 50 hours OF usage, while dynamic customers are usually magnetic or dynamic equipped with a long-lived pickups acres usually diamond needle. supplied with longlife dia. moon stylus. 1959 C. R. Bastiaans of makes A documentary report on different On the left of quoted author a child OF technical pickups for radio documentation provides magazine [ 2.9 ] bulletin of magazines [ 2.9 ]. The over different kinds of pick-ups for the radio funkschau of publishes A radio bulletin. The radio funkschau reprint from his detailed publishes a reproduction of its detailed contribution in German LANGUAGE contribution [ 2.10 ]. [ 2.10 ]. file:///C|/HiFiStuff/CartridgeDatabase/PickupTechnology.htm (3 of 17)6/3/2005 11:12:39 AM Stereo Pickups & Phono cartridges: 1958 - today - stereophonic sound customer This illustration, Fig. 2,3,1, represents A piezo electric This illustration, Fig. 2,3,1, system as manufactured by represents a piezo electrical wheel company. A signal system, which is produced by picked UP from the internal the company Garrard. From flank OF the groove, as the internal groove flank - reserved for left channel, this is reserved for the left causes movement tons channel - removed a signal direction as shown by the causes the movement shown unbroken arrow. Thus, the L by the not interrupted arrow. crystal slice wants imposed Thus L crystal with a lateral on laterally bending stress bending stress is subjected; which only CAN gene- and only this can cause an guesses/advises electric electrical tension at the volume-meets RK the crystal. crystal. Fig. 2.3.1 Fig. 2.3.2 shows improved popular construction with A Fig. a popular of far rhombus OF material developed construction with a compliant on for coupling flexible lozenge shows 2.3.2 DEVICES, as applied by as coupler from bendable British BSR, German DUAL, material. This system was and Dutch RONETTE of used by the companies BSR, companies. DUAL and Ronette (Holland). Fig. 2.3.2 This illustration, Fig. 2,3,3, is exploded view tons called The design given with Fig. ' Duplo Pickup ' for expired 2,3,3 is an explosion normal format (mono) as representation of a so-called wave as Micro in such a way Duplo of system for the on for stereo! Note that # A replaced normal mono and wants clamped for stereo the Micro Stereoformat. Point mode, while there wants A has firm wedging with motion ton pivot POINTS # Stereobetrieb, during 1, 3 and 1, # 3, and # 2. However, # 2 fulcrums is. With N 78 A wants laterally moved monodisk rendition (system when playing N 78 disks turned around 180°) is after A helped revolution OF however laterally moved A. this system. This refined This refined system was used pickup has been thus likewise at the applied by aforesaid aforementioned companies. companies. Fig. 2.3.3 file:///C|/HiFiStuff/CartridgeDatabase/PickupTechnology.htm (4 of 17)6/3/2005 11:12:39 AM Stereo Pickups & Phono cartridges: 1958 - today - stereophonic sound customer Philips's company prefers the so- called w-system, s. Fig. 2.3.4. The enclosed ends OF both crystal slices of acres linked with A flexible stripe. The broken arrow represents force direction by right channel groove flank which accordingly bends the corresponding crystal slice on the right. Position #1 indicates pivot ton this instance. The company Philips prefers sucked. W-system, Fig. 2.3.4. The eingefass ten ends of both kristallplaettchen is connected by a flexible strip. The interrupted arrow shows the force direction of the right channel signal, which effect affect the assigned crystal Fig. 2.3.4 . (right). Number 1: Fulcrum. The American Columbia The American Columbia favors company favours this ' winged this "winged construction", Fig. construction ', Fig. 2.3.5. The 2.3.5. The signal information of black arrow shows motion the left channel, whose direction OF left channel signal direction of motion is shown by which May only cause force RK the black arrow, causes an # 2. POINT #3 wants virtual application of force at point 2. bending pivot ton the axis Point 3 is the virtual fulcrum to defined by #1 and # 3. the 3 axle formed by the points 1 and. Fig. 2.3.5 Westrex, the USA, has Westrex, the USA, developed a developed A dynamic pickup as dynamic pick-up, whose principally shown by Fig. 2.3.6. principle representation is The moving coils acres fixed shown in Fig. 2,3,6. The moved RK the struts OF both A coils are both at the props of of compliant plastics bow, # 1, # a flexible plastic handle (1, 2) 2, and the stylus more and at those the needle rod cantilever, #3 # 4. Thus, this (see 3, 4) fastens. Thus this construction is to example for construction is an example of MC pickup. Mc a pick-up. Fig. 2.3.6 file:///C|/HiFiStuff/CartridgeDatabase/PickupTechnology.htm (5 of 17)6/3/2005 11:12:39 AM Stereo Pickups & Phono cartridges: 1958 - today - stereophonic sound customer Another refined dynamic pickup system presents Another thought out pick-up Danish Ortofon company.